托福作文中如何使用方位名詞

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    托福作文中如何使用方位名詞
    方式副詞位于動詞之后:
    She danced beautifully.
    她舞姿優(yōu)美。
    當動詞帶賓語時,它位于賓語之后:
    He gave her the money reluctantly.
    他勉勉強強地給了她錢。
    They speak English well.
    他們英語說得好。
    不要把副詞置于動詞和賓語之間。
    遇到動詞+介詞+賓語結構時,副詞可置于介詞之前或賓語之后:
    He looked at me suspiciously./He looked suspiciously at me.
    他懷有疑心地打量著我。
    但是,如果賓語由好幾個詞組成的時候,就要把副詞置于介詞之前:
    He looked suspiciously at everyone who got off the plane.
    他用懷疑的目光打量著每一個從飛機上走下來的人。
    同樣,含動詞+賓語的句子中賓語的長短也決定副詞的位置。如果賓語較短,就用動詞+賓語+副詞的語序,如上文B所述。但是,如果賓語較長,通常就把副詞置于動詞之前:
    She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.
    她小心地揀起所有的碎玻璃片。
    He angrily denied that he had stolen the documents.
    他憤怒地否認他偷了那些文件。
    They secretly decided to leave the town.
    他們秘密決定離開這個城市。
    注意:如果副詞置于從句或短語之后,則通常認為它修飾從句或短語中的動詞。因此,如果把上面最后一個例句中的se-cretly移到句末,就改變了句子的含義:
    They secretly decided…
    他們秘密決定……(決定本身是秘密的。)
    They decided to leave the town secretly.
    他們決定秘密地離開這座城市。(“離開”這個行動是秘密的。)
    表示性格和智力的副詞如foolishly,generously,kindly,stupidly等位于動詞之前時表示行動是愚蠢的/好意的/慷慨的等:
    I foolishly forgot my passport.
    我愚蠢地忘了我的護照。
    He generously paid for us all.
    他很慷慨地代我們全付了錢。
    He kindly waited for me.
    他好意地等著我。
    Would you kindly wait?
    請您稍候。
    注意:也可以用下列句子表示這類種意思:
    It was foolish of me to forget.
    我真蠢,竟然忘記了。
    It was kind of him to wait.
    多蒙他好心等候。
    Would you be kind enough to wait?
    勞駕您等一等,好嗎?
    副詞可位于動詞或動詞+賓語之后,但句子意思就改變了:
    He spoke kindly.
    他說得很和藹。相當于:
    His voice and words were kind.
    他的聲調和話語都很和藹。
    不同于:
    It was kind of him to speak to us.
    他跟我們說話,真是好心。
    He paid us generously.
    他付我們錢時出手很大方。相當于:
    he paid more than the usual rate.
    他比一般的價格付得多。
    不同于:
    It was generous of him to pay us.
    他付了我們錢,真慷慨。
    注意下面兩句間的區(qū)別
    He answered the questions foolishly.
    他對這個問題做了愚蠢的回答。(他的回答是愚蠢的。)
    He foolishly answered the questions.
    他愚蠢地回答了問題。
    badly和well可用做方式副詞或程度副詞。作為方式副詞,它們可以位于主動動詞、賓語之后或者系動詞與被動形式之間:
    He behaved badly.
    他表現得很壞。
    He read well.
    他讀得很好。
    He paid her badly.
    他給她的錢很少。
    She speaks French well.
    她法語說得很好。
    She was badly paid.
    她掙的錢很少。The trip was well organized.
    旅行組織得很好。
    badly作為程度副詞用時通常位于賓語之后或系動詞與被動形式之間:
    The door needs a coat of paint badly./The door badly needs a coat of paint.
    這門急需刷一層油漆。
    He was badly injured in the last match.
    在最后一場比賽中他受了重傷。
    well(表示程度)和well(表示方式)可放在同樣的位置:
    I’d like the steak well done.
    我喜歡牛排烤得熟一點兒。
    He knows the town well.
    他對那座城市很了解。
    Shake the bottle well.
    充分晃動瓶子。
    The children were well wrapped up.
    孩子們都穿戴得很暖和。
    well的含義有時取決于它所在的位置。
    注意以下區(qū)別:
    You know well that I can’t drive.
    你完全了解我不會開車。(關于這件事你一點也不會懷疑。)
    You know that I can’t drive well.
    你知道我車開得不好。(我不是一個好司機。)
    well可放在may/might和could之后,強調一個行動的可能性:
    He may well refuse.相當于:
    It is quite likely that he will refuse.
    他很可能會拒絕。
    somehow,anyhowsomehow(以某種方法/不知怎地/總算是)可放在句首、不及物動詞之后及賓語之后:
    Somehow they managed.
    他們總算是湊合下來了。
    They managed somehow.
    (譯文同上。)
    They raised the money somehow.
    他們想方設法把錢湊起來了。
    anyhow作為方式副詞用是不常見的,但通常意為“無論如何/ 不管怎樣”。