托福閱讀 總結(jié)題解題方法
首先讓我們來了解一下這個(gè)題型，讓我們把親愛的OG翻到50頁，就會(huì)看到這道題的考點(diǎn)在于：“對文章的主要觀點(diǎn)和相對重要信息的理解和辨識能力……排除文中次要信息和未提及的信息。”所以，對于這種題型的正確選項(xiàng)可能是以下：1.全文主旨;2.文中某一部分的主旨。而錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)就有可能是以下：1.細(xì)節(jié)，不重要的事例;2.無中生有或扭曲了原觀點(diǎn)。
如何解題呢?那么我們分兩種情況~~
第一種情況：矮油，終于最后一題鳥~嚇!怎么只剩下十秒了~~!!怎么辦呢~!
解法：選最長的選項(xiàng)(←.←我是認(rèn)真的!千萬不要空著交~)
第二種情況：時(shí)間充分，淡定心情認(rèn)真做~
解法：
首先，閱讀介紹句：在經(jīng)過了前面做題的過程之后，已經(jīng)把原文已經(jīng)讀過一遍了，但是可能因?yàn)樽鲱}而感到有點(diǎn)混亂，而介紹句一般是對原文的一句話總結(jié)，認(rèn)真讀一下介紹句就會(huì)對原文的結(jié)構(gòu)有更清晰的概念，有利于下面的正確選出正確選項(xiàng)。
第二步，把六個(gè)選項(xiàng)看一遍，排除明顯扭曲了原文觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)，認(rèn)出可能是重復(fù)原文中細(xì)節(jié)、例證的選項(xiàng)，留下不確定需要重新參考原文的選項(xiàng)以及確定是正確的選項(xiàng)。其實(shí)這是一個(gè)分級的過程，把選項(xiàng)從最不可能到最可能分級。
第三步，從留下不確定需要重新參考原文的選項(xiàng)句中提煉出關(guān)鍵詞，找回原文的相關(guān)出處，對照選項(xiàng)和出處段落的中心是否一致來確定取舍該選項(xiàng)。
第四步，如果留下來的確定的選項(xiàng)不夠三個(gè)，那么再回去看可能是重復(fù)原文中細(xì)節(jié)、例證的選項(xiàng)。有一些表述原文重要觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)可能是因?yàn)樵谋旧淼闹黝}看上比較像細(xì)節(jié)而被當(dāng)成重復(fù)細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，這個(gè)時(shí)候再看一遍介紹句，感受一下原文的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，再做出選擇。
那么哪些選項(xiàng)有可能是重復(fù)原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)呢?一般情況下，這些選項(xiàng)中可能存在以下成分：修飾成分，主語是細(xì)節(jié)或者事例，引用人物言論，數(shù)字，對比或者比較。如果選項(xiàng)有了這些成分，大家就可以先把它放在“待定區(qū)”再做考證。
Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia (TPO14)
Pastoralism is a lifestyle in which economic activity is based primarily on livestock. Archaeological evidence suggests that by 3000 B.C., and perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types of pastoralism that were to dominate the region’s history for several millennia. Here, the horse was already becoming the animal of prestige in many regions, though transportation and warfare that explains why Inner Eurasian pastoralism proved the most mobile and the most militaristic of all major forms of pastoralism. The emergence and spread of pastoralism had a profound impact on the history of Inner Eurasia, and also, indirectly, on the parts of Asia and Europe just outside this area. In particular, pastoralism favors a mobile lifestyle, and this mobility helps to explain the impact of pastoralist societies on this part of the world.
The mobility of pastoralist societies reflects their dependence on animal based foods. While agriculturalists rely on domesticated plants, pastoralists rely on domesticated animals. As a result, pastoralists, like carnivores in general, occupy a higher position on the food chain. All else being equal, this means they must food, clothing, and other necessities. So pastoralism is a more extensive lifeway than farming is. However, the larger the terrain used to support a group, the harder principles imply a strong tendency within pastoralist lifeways toward nomadism (a mobile lifestyle). As the archaeologist Roger Cribb puts it, “The greater the degree of pastoralism, the stronger the tendency toward nomadism.” A modern Turkic nomad interviewed by Cribb commented: “The more animals you have, the farther you have to move.”
Nomadism has further consequences. It means that pastoralist societies occupy and can influence very large territories. This is particularly true of horse mobile of all major forms of pastoralism. So, it is no accident that with the appearance of pastoralist societies there appear large areas that share similar cultural, ecological, and even linguistic features. By the late fourth millennium B.C., there is already evidence of large culture zones reaching from Eastern Europe to the western border of Mongolia. Perhaps the most striking sign of mobility is the fact that by the third millennium B.C., most pastoralists in this huge region spoke related languages ancestral to the modern Indo-European languages. The remarkable mobility and range of pastoral societies explain, in part, why so many linguists have argued that the Indo-European languages began their astonishing expansionist career not among farmers in Anatolia (present-day Turkey), but among early pastoralists from Inner Eurasia. Such theories imply that the Indo-European languages evolved not in Neolithic (10,000 to 3,000 B.C.) Anatolia, but among the foraging communities of the cultures in the region of the Don and Dnieper rivers which took up stock breeding and began to exploit the neighboring steppes.
Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
【更多托福閱讀信息請點(diǎn)擊出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)相關(guān)鏈接】
托福閱讀考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)
傳統(tǒng)的文法翻譯法教學(xué)已經(jīng)在新托福完全不能用了，因?yàn)樾峦懈ｉ喿x文章變兩倍長，而且ETS在官方指南清楚地寫明：“同學(xué)要能有略讀文章了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力“而且閱讀十大題型中，有一半是考對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯理解。這也正是，同學(xué)到美國求學(xué)必需具備的 reading skimming能力。
而這教學(xué)法是採用美國最新的整合式教學(xué)法,結(jié)合閱讀與英語寫作手法的教學(xué)。ETS也是按著英語教學(xué)法的趨勢提出整合式的新托福 iBT.所以我們能真正了解英語人士的各種寫作技巧,我們就能作到與一般同學(xué)不同，光看到topic，我們就能預(yù)測：
新托福閱讀文章的類型、文章的走向、文章的寫作方式，快速清晰地閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)，比沒訓(xùn)綀過的同學(xué)在閱讀速度與理解能力快叁倍以上，也進(jìn)而能真正了解作者對這段文字的態(tài)度，這方法對更艱深難懂的英語學(xué)術(shù)文章尤其有用，比如TOEFL，IELTS，GRE， GMAT，LSAT 的閱讀。
藉由這樣的美國最新式的英語教學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)綀，也能真正增加了自己英語寫作的能力。而不是一般的邊讀邊翻譯，而最后不知所云，看文章似懂非懂，這就是25分的分水嶺。大多有背詞匯的同學(xué)，文章是大約能了解，但還是無沒讀到作者所要講的中心。所以分?jǐn)?shù)一直上不去。
另外再教導(dǎo)同學(xué)透過略讀、導(dǎo)讀、精讀的叁讀法， 在最快速的時(shí)間內(nèi)，迅速了解文章各段的組織、邏輯、大意， 再經(jīng)筆記速記法，也因?yàn)槔蠋熢诿姥芯窟^學(xué)術(shù)的英語測驗(yàn)的出題方法，也親自訪問過ETS的考官，所以知道ETS怎么選材，設(shè)計(jì)考題，與干擾選項(xiàng)等等，能應(yīng)用這些計(jì)巧，我們就能精確且快速地30秒破解托福閱讀十大題型。