對于準(zhǔn)備考雅思的同學(xué)來說，不知道雅思寫作作文準(zhǔn)備得怎么樣呢？今天就和出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)的小編一起來了解一下雅思閱讀真題以及解析：南極氣候。
雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-南極氣候
Antarctica-in from the cold？
A A little over a century ago， men of the ilk of Scott， Shackleton and Mawson battled against Antarctica＇s blizzards， cold and deprivation. In the name of Empire and in an age of heroic deeds they created an image of Antarctica that was to last well into the 20th century - an image of remoteness， hardship， bleakness and isolation that was the province of only the most courageous of men. The image was one of a place removed from everyday reality， of a place with no apparent value to anyone.
B As we enter the 21st century， our perception of Antarctica has changed. Although physically Antarctica is no closer and probably no warmer， and to spend time there still demands a dedication not seen in ordinary life， the continent and its surrounding ocean are increasingly seen to an integral part of Planet Earth， and a key component in the Earth System. Is this because the world seems a little smaller these days， shrunk by TV and tourism， or is it because Antarctica really does occupy a central spot on Earth＇s mantle？ Scientific research during the past half century has revealed - and continues to reveal - that Antarctica＇s great mass and low temperature
exert a major influence on climate and ocean circulation， factors which influence the lives of millions of people all over the globe.
C Antarctica was not always cold. The slow break-up of the super-continent Gondwana with the northward movements of Africa， South America， India and Australia eventually created enough space around Antarctica for the development of an Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACQ， that flowed from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds. Antarctica cooled， its vegetation perished， glaciation began and the continent took on its present-day appearance. Today the ice that overlies the bedrock is up to 4km thick， and surface temperatures as low as - 89.2deg C have been recorded. The icy blast that howls over the ice cap and out to sea - the so-called katabatic wind - can reach 300 km/hr， creating fearsome wind-chill effects.
D Out of this extreme environment come some powerful forces that reverberate around the world. The Earth＇s rotation， coupled to the generation of cells of low pressure off the Antarctic coast， would allow Astronauts a view of Antarctica that is as beautiful as it is awesome. Spinning away to the northeast， the cells grow and deepen， whipping up the Southern Ocean into the mountainous seas so respected by mariners. Recent work is showing that the temperature of the ocean may be a better predictor of rainfall in Australia than is the pressure difference between Darwin and Tahiti - the Southern Oscillation Index. By receiving more accurate predictions， graziers in northern Queensland are able to avoid overstocking in years when rainfall will be poor. Not only does this limit their losses but it prevents serious pasture degradation that may take decades to repair. CSIRO is developing this as a prototype forecasting system， but we can confidently predict that as we know more about the Antarctic and Southern Ocean we will be able to enhance and extend our predictive ability.
E The ocean＇s surface temperature results from the interplay between doep- wa，ter temperature， air temperature and ice. Each winter between 4 and 19 million square km of sea ice form， locking up huge quantities of heat close to the now can we start to unravel the influence of sea ice on the weather that is experienced in southern Australia. But in another way the extent of sea ice extends its influence far beyond V Antarctica. Antarctic krill - the small shrimp-like crustaceans that are the staple diet for baleen whales， penguins， some seals， flighted sea birds and many fish - breed well in years when sea ice is extensive and poorly when it is not. Mary species of baleen whales and flighted sea birds migrate between the hemispheres and when the krill are less abundant they do not thrive.
F The circulatory system of the world＇s oceans is like a huge conveyor belt， moving water and dissolved minerals and nutrients from one hemisphere to the other， and from the ocean＇s abyssal depths to the surface. The ACC is the longest current in the world， and has the largest flow. Through it， the deep flows of the Atlantic， Indian and Pacific Oceans are joined to form part of a single global thermohalinc circulation. During winter， the howling katabatics sometimes scour the ice off patches of the sea＇s surface leaving Large ice- locked lagoons， or ＇polynyas＇. Recent research has shown that as fresh sea ice forms， it is continuously stripped away by the wind and may be blown up to 90km in a single day. Since only fresh water freezes into ice， the water that remains increasingly salty and dense， sinking until it spills over the continental shelf. Cold water carries more oxygen than warm water， so when it rises， well into the northern hemisphere， it reoxygenates and revitalises the ocean. The state of the northern oceans， and their biological productivity， owe much to what happens in the Antarctic.
Question 14-18
The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information？
Write the correct letter A-F， in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
14. introduction of a millman under awards
15. the definition of an important geographical term
16. a rival against Harrison’s invention emerged
17. problems of sailor encountered in identifying the postion on the sea
18. economic assist from another counterpart
Question 19-21
Summary
Please match the natural phenomenon with correct determined factor Choose the correct answer from the box； Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.
19. Globally， mass Antarctica’s size and _________ influence the climate change.
20. __________ contributory to western wind.
21. Southern Oscillation Index based on air pressure can predict __________ in Australia.
A Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）
B katabatic winds C rainfall
D temperature E glaciers
F pressure
Question 22-26
Choose the correct letter， A，B，C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on you answer sheet.
22 In the paragraph B， the author want to tell which of the
following truth about Antarctic？
A To show Antarctica has been a central topic of global warming in Mass media
B To illustrate its huge see ice brings food to million lives to places in the world
C To show it is the heart and its significance to the global climate and current
D To illustrate it locates in the central spot on Earth geographically
23 Why do Australian farmers Keep an eye on the Antarctic ocean temperature ？
A Help farmers reduce their economic or ecological losses
B Retrieve grassland decreased in the overgrazing process
C Prevent animal from dying
D A cell provides fertilizer for the grassland
24 What is the final effect of katabatic winds？
A Increase the moving speed of ocean current
B Increase salt level near ocean surface
C Bring fresh ice into southern oceans
D Pile up the mountainous ice cap respected by mariners
25 The break of the continental shelf is due to the
A Salt and density increase
B Salt and density decrease
C global warming resulting a rising temperature
D fresh ice melting into ocean water
26 The decrease in number of Whales and seabirds is due to
A killers whales arc more active around
B Sea birds are affected by high sea level salty
C less sea ice reduces productivity of food source
D seals fail to reproduce babies
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁說明文
題目南極洲的自然環(huán)境及其對全球氣候和水循環(huán)等的影響
結(jié)構(gòu)A段：之前的南極洲被人類遺忘，毫無價(jià)值
B段：21世紀(jì)，人類對南極洲有了新的認(rèn)識，發(fā)現(xiàn)它對氣候，海洋環(huán)流有重大影響
C段：南極洲氣候變化是如何形成的
D段：關(guān)于南極洲氣候的預(yù)測對澳大利亞農(nóng)業(yè)的影響
E段：南澳大利亞的海冰對海洋生態(tài)（動(dòng)物）的影響
F段：南極海冰為北半球帶來積極影響
G段：南極洲的強(qiáng)大影響力得到人類肯定
試題分析
Question14-18
題目類型：段落信息配對題
Question19-21
題目類型：填空題
Question22-26
題目類型：選擇題
題號定位詞文中對應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
14Weather prediction， agricultureD段第五，六句D段第五六兩句提到“通過接收更為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測，放牧人能夠·······。這不僅會(huì)減少他們的損失，還可以阻止嚴(yán)重的草場退化”
放牧人，草場等關(guān)鍵詞可以表明這是氣候預(yù)測對畜牧業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）的影響
因此本答案為D
15Sea ice， ocean’s vitalityF段倒數(shù)第二句F段倒數(shù)第二句中關(guān)鍵詞“it reoxygenates and revitalizes the ocean” it（Antarctic sea ice）給海洋補(bǔ)充氧氣和重新激活海洋
因此本答案為F
16Food chain， animals living patternE段最后兩句E段第三句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折了之后的兩句，進(jìn)一步說明
Sea ice對海洋生物鏈的影響
“Antarctic krill （that are the staple diet for baleen whales， penguins， some seals， flighted sea birds and many fish）在海冰充裕時(shí)，很豐富；當(dāng)海冰減少時(shí)，數(shù)量減少導(dǎo)致許多長須鯨和海鳥離開”
因此本答案為E
17How， Atmosphere pressure， global climate changeC段最后一句C段首句說“南極洲并不總是很冷的”接著一步一步解釋了南極洲氣候變化形成的過程，最終katabatic wind為全球制造了可怕的風(fēng)冷卻效果
因此本答案為C
18Once， forgotten， insignificantA段第三句A段第二句中對Antarctic的形容是“an image of remoteness ， hardship， bleakness and isolation”這是一幅遙遠(yuǎn)，艱難，陰郁，與世隔絕的景象
最后一句提到“one of a place removed from everyday reality， ······with no apparent value to anyone”是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離日常現(xiàn)實(shí)，對任何人沒有明顯價(jià)值的地方
因此本答案為A
19Antarctica’s size， climate changeB段最后一句B段最后一句中總結(jié)“Scientific research revealed- and continues to reveals that Antarctic’s great mass and low temperature exert a major influence on climate and ocean circulation，···· ”
因此本答案為D
20Western windC段第二句C段第二句“···create ···for the development of an ACC， that flowed from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds.”
最終發(fā)展形成的ACC影響盛行的西風(fēng)從西向東流動(dòng)
因此本答案為A
21Southern Oscillation Index， AustraliaD段第四句D段第四句“···the temperature of the ocean may be a better predictor of rainfall than is······· Southern Oscillation Index”
本句有一個(gè)比較級說明海洋的溫度和southern oscillation index都是用來預(yù)測rainfall的
因此本答案為C
22Heart， significance， climate and currentB段最后一句B段最后一句中的a major influence on climate and ocean circulation 正是 it is the heart and its significance to the global climate and current的同義句
因此本答案為 C
23Reduce， economic lossesD段第五句，第六句D段中第五句提到“通過接收更為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測，當(dāng)?shù)胤拍寥四軌虮苊庠诮涤炅坎蛔愕臅r(shí)期過度放牧”緊接著第六句說“Not only does this limit their losses·········”這會(huì)減少他們的損失
因此本答案為A
24Fresh ice， southern oceansF段第五句F段第五句中提到“Recent research has shown that as fresh sea ice forms， it is continuously stripped away······ ” 這表明下沉狂風(fēng)katabatics會(huì)造成新的海冰形成
因此本答案為C
25Salt， density increaseF段第六句F段第六句詳細(xì)指出“因?yàn)橹挥行迈r的水才能結(jié)凍成冰，殘留的水變得越來越salty and dense， 下沉直到從continental shelf 剝落而沉下去”
因此本答案為A
26Sea ice， food sourceE段最后一句E段尾句表明“當(dāng)海冰減少時(shí)，krill 不豐富時(shí)，baleen whales and flighted sea birds 會(huì)離開，在南半球之間遷徙”
因此本答案為C
參考答案：
Version 24101 主題 南極洲氣候
14D15F16E
17C18A19D
20A21C22C
23A24C25C
26C