從一具1萬(wàn)年前的尸骨中所提取的遺傳物質(zhì)顯示，最古老的英國(guó)人擁有黑色的皮膚和藍(lán)色的眼睛，今天出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編就給大家介紹一下雅思聽力VOA新聞 1萬(wàn)年前的英國(guó)人是黑皮膚。
Tests Suggest 10，000-Year-Old Brit Had Dark Skin， Blue Eyes
Genetic material from a 10，000-year-old skeleton suggests the oldest-known Briton had dark skin and blue eyes.
Scientists from Britain＇s Natural History Museum and University College London reported the finding Wednesday after studying the remains of an individual known as ＂Cheddar Man.＂
The skeleton was discovered over a century ago. It was found inside a large hole in the Cheddar Gorge area of southwest England.
The researchers cut a hole into the skull of the human remains and removed DNA from bone powder.
The letters DNA are short for the term deoxyribonucleic acid. Scientists call it the chemical of life.
DNA is made up of genes. Genes， like letters in words， carry a huge amount of information. They tell cells how to make all the materials for life.
The British scientists say their tests showed Cheddar Man had dark， wavy hair， blue eyes and ＂dark to black＂ skin color.
The researchers say the evidence suggests that Europeans＇ light skin coloring developed much later than experts had thought.
Cheddar Man overturns people＇s expectations of what kinds of genetic qualities go together， said Tom Booth， who worked on the project.
＂It seems that pale eyes entered Europe long before pale skin or blond hair， which didn＇t come along until after the arrival of farming，＂ he added.
Some experts believe that ancient humans who lived in extreme northern areas may have developed light colored skin. They note light skin is able to take in more sunlight than darker skin. Sunlight is required for the body to produce vitamin D.
Cheddar Man shares genetic similarities with other human remains found in Spain， Hungary and Luxembourg. All those individuals lived in the Mesolithic Period， also known as the Middle Stone Age Period. The group， known as Western Hunter-Gatherers， moved to Europe from the Middle East after the last Ice Age， about 12，000 years ago.
The Associated Press says Cheddar Man is the oldest complete skeleton found in Britain. Human beings had lived on the island off and on for thousands of years before his time， but they disappeared during periodic ice ages.
Cheddar Man would have been one of a very small population of hunter-gatherers in Britain at the time. Scientists， who have been studying his skeleton， say he appears to have had a healthy diet but died in his 20s， possibly through violence.
I＇m Jonathan Evans.
skin 深色皮膚
Jane was beautiful with her thick black hair and smooth dark skin.
簡(jiǎn)一頭濃密的黑發(fā)，皮膚光滑淺黑，非常漂亮。
ages 冰河時(shí)代
Most of us know that there have ever been Ice Ages on the earth three times.
我們大多數(shù)人都知道地球上曾有過三次冰河期。
n as 被稱為
China has always been known as a land of propriety and righteousness.
中國(guó)從來(lái)以禮義之邦著稱。
thy diet 健康飲食
They are not overweight and have a healthy diet.
他們不超重，有一個(gè)健康的飲食。
n beings had lived on the island off and on for thousands of years before histime， but they disappeared during periodic ice ages.
off and on 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地
She cried off and on all day.
她整天不時(shí)地哭。
It has been drizzling off and on for days.
小雨絲絲拉拉地下了幾天。
is made up of genes.
is made up of 由...組成
Food is made up of carbohydrates， proteins and fats.
食物由碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪構(gòu)成。
The cream of the class is made up of the best students.
這些拔尖的學(xué)生成了班級(jí)的精華。
1萬(wàn)年前的英國(guó)人是黑皮膚
從一具1萬(wàn)年前的尸骨中所提取的遺傳物質(zhì)顯示，最古老的英國(guó)人擁有黑色的皮膚和藍(lán)色的眼睛。
周三，英國(guó)自然歷史博物館和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們報(bào)道了這一結(jié)果，他們研究了一個(gè)名為“切達(dá)爾人”的遺骸。
這具骨架是在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)前被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)時(shí)，這具遺骸位于英格蘭西南部切達(dá)峽谷地區(qū)的一個(gè)大洞里。
研究人員在這具遺骸的頭骨上切開一個(gè)洞，并從骨粉中提取出了DNA。
DNA是脫氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid）的簡(jiǎn)稱?？茖W(xué)家稱其為生命的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
DNA是由基因組成的。與單詞中的字母一樣，基因承載著大量的信息。他們告訴細(xì)胞如何制造生命所需的所有材料。
英國(guó)科學(xué)家稱，測(cè)試表明，切達(dá)爾人擁有深色、波浪式頭發(fā)、藍(lán)色眼睛和“深色甚至黑色”皮膚。
研究人員稱，有證據(jù)表明，歐洲人淺色皮膚的進(jìn)化比專家們想象的要晚得多。
參與該項(xiàng)目的湯姆·布斯表示，切達(dá)爾人推翻了人們對(duì)基因特性組成類型的猜想。
他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“淺色眼睛似乎早在白皮膚或金色頭發(fā)之前就進(jìn)入了歐洲，而白色皮膚和棕色頭發(fā)直到農(nóng)業(yè)之后才出現(xiàn)?！?BR> 一些專家認(rèn)為，生活在極端北部的遠(yuǎn)古人類可能已經(jīng)進(jìn)化為淺色皮膚。他們注意到淺色皮膚比深色皮膚吸收了更多的陽(yáng)光。人體需要陽(yáng)光來(lái)產(chǎn)生維生素D。
切達(dá)爾人與西班牙、匈牙利和盧森堡發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他人類遺骸有著基因相似性。這些人都生活在中石器時(shí)代。大約12000年前，這個(gè)被稱為“西方狩獵采集者”的族群在最后一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代后從中東遷往歐洲。
美聯(lián)社報(bào)道稱，切達(dá)爾人是英國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的完整遺骸。人類在島上斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地生活了幾千年，但是卻在周期性的冰河時(shí)代消失了。
在當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)，切達(dá)爾人是一個(gè)非常弱小的狩獵采集者族群之一。一直在研究他的骨骼的科學(xué)家們表示，他的飲食習(xí)慣似乎很健康，不過卻在20多歲時(shí)身亡，很可能是遭到了暴力。
喬納森·埃文斯為您播報(bào)。