雅思口語需要注意哪些語法問題

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    對于很多準備雅思考試的同學(xué)們來說,不知道準備得怎么樣?今天就和出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)的小編一起來了解一下雅思口語需要注意哪些語法問題?
    雅思口語語法:主謂一致
    語法一致。比如:主語是單數(shù),謂語動詞就用單數(shù);主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。當然這只在現(xiàn)在時態(tài),即一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時中體現(xiàn)。這個要求看起來很簡單,但在實際運用中,基本上所有的同學(xué)都會被我反復(fù)地提醒使用第三人稱單數(shù)。
    就近原則。由or;;;not only…but also等詞連接的名詞或者代詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于與動詞最近的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Neither you nor your friend is to blame.
    意義一致。這個主要是涉及到集體名詞,比如audience;army;family;jury;stuff;crew;couple等,如果這類詞意義上指整體的概念謂語就用單數(shù),如果意義指具體成員則謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The population in this area is increasing very slowly。/One third of the population in this area are workers.
    就遠原則。由as well as;rather than; with;together with; in addition; combined with這幾個詞連接的名詞或者代詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于這幾個詞前面的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:The teacher rather than the students opens the door./The students rather than the teacher open the door.
    還有需要注意的是:a series/line/group/list+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù);分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、part/rest/half+名詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)。;both of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù);each/neither/either/everything/anything作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。
    主謂一致是相對簡單的語法,只要大家在平時的練習(xí)中多加注意,在考試中就能減少無謂的“犧牲”。
    雅思口語語法:使用誤區(qū)
     as與for example的混用。我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。但是考生對于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。這里的such as改為for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子:It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics。
    me 及claim 使用不夠準確。我們知道, think,assume,claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實依據(jù)是不確定的。Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。?!?。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內(nèi)容,Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision.翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:We are considering buying a new car。所以,千萬不要在雅思大作文的第一段(觀點表達段)就因為用詞把握不準而導(dǎo)致對整篇文章的低分印象。
    3.介詞使用錯誤。
    1).普通介詞的誤用。一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記于心,問題自然就解決了。
    2).“to”作為介詞的誤用。“to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現(xiàn)錯誤。但是對于與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經(jīng)常犯錯:
    More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
    這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當于名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”?!皌ake to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:
    He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
    Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號。
    are與contrast的誤用。我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同??磦€例句:
    It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。
    前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。
    再看一個引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
    There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West。
    The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier。
    When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast。