多年的教學(xué)中，筆者批改了數(shù)以千計(jì)的議論文。從中發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分中國(guó)考生在寫議論文時(shí)的失分點(diǎn)實(shí)在可惜，因此，雅思專家總結(jié)和歸納了目前考生在寫議論中的十大失分點(diǎn)，希望考生們?cè)趥淇紩r(shí)予以重視。
一、不一致
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致以及代詞不一致等。
比如：When one have money, he can do what he want to.
分析：one是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此本句的have應(yīng)改為has; want應(yīng)改為wants, 本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為：When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
二、修飾語錯(cuò)位
英語與漢語不同，同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)考生們往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解。
比如：
I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。
三、句子不完整
在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解?？墒菚嬲Z就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常在主句寫完以后，作者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。
比如：There are many ways to know the society. for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。
比如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中＂at the age of ten＂只寫出十歲時(shí)，但沒有說明“誰”十歲時(shí)，按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改得明確一點(diǎn)，讀者或考官在讀句子時(shí)就不會(huì)誤解了。
改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.
To do well in college, good grades are essential.
分析：句中不定式短語“to do well in college”的邏輯主語不清楚。
改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、詞性誤用
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。這一點(diǎn)是目前考生最容易出錯(cuò)的地方。
比如：None can negative the importance of money.
分析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為：None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
比如：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞所指代的對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
比如：We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
分析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不間斷句子
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)受中文意識(shí)的影響很大。很多考生在寫句子時(shí)，句子之間缺乏有效的連接成分。甚至，有的句子寫的比較中式化。
比如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為：
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
八、措詞毛病
學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌句子中所選用詞的習(xí)慣。大部分考生隨心所欲，拿來就用，所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤隨處可見。
比如：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
分析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use（不斷增加的使用）”應(yīng)改為“abusive use（濫用）”。
改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累贅
寫句子沒有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個(gè)無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。
比如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
比如：For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化為：
Diligent people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不連貫
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通，這也是考生常犯的毛病。
比如：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
分析：the fresh water與逗號(hào)后的it不連貫，it與things在數(shù)方面不一致。
一、不一致
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致以及代詞不一致等。
比如：When one have money, he can do what he want to.
分析：one是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此本句的have應(yīng)改為has; want應(yīng)改為wants, 本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為：When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
二、修飾語錯(cuò)位
英語與漢語不同，同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)考生們往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解。
比如：
I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。
三、句子不完整
在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解?？墒菚嬲Z就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常在主句寫完以后，作者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。
比如：There are many ways to know the society. for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。
比如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中＂at the age of ten＂只寫出十歲時(shí)，但沒有說明“誰”十歲時(shí)，按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改得明確一點(diǎn)，讀者或考官在讀句子時(shí)就不會(huì)誤解了。
改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.
To do well in college, good grades are essential.
分析：句中不定式短語“to do well in college”的邏輯主語不清楚。
改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、詞性誤用
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。這一點(diǎn)是目前考生最容易出錯(cuò)的地方。
比如：None can negative the importance of money.
分析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為：None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
比如：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞所指代的對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
比如：We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
分析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不間斷句子
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)受中文意識(shí)的影響很大。很多考生在寫句子時(shí)，句子之間缺乏有效的連接成分。甚至，有的句子寫的比較中式化。
比如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為：
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
八、措詞毛病
學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌句子中所選用詞的習(xí)慣。大部分考生隨心所欲，拿來就用，所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤隨處可見。
比如：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
分析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use（不斷增加的使用）”應(yīng)改為“abusive use（濫用）”。
改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累贅
寫句子沒有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個(gè)無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。
比如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
比如：For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化為：
Diligent people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不連貫
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通，這也是考生常犯的毛病。
比如：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
分析：the fresh water與逗號(hào)后的it不連貫，it與things在數(shù)方面不一致。