雅思閱讀題目出題的本質(zhì)是三種替換：同義詞/詞組替換，句型替換，語法替換，筆者將從這三方面根據(jù)學(xué)生在葉毅斌老師的雅思閱讀課堂中所做的筆記進行分類整理。以下是劍橋真題中的考點詞,替換詞,一次多義總結(jié)：
1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change 僵硬的，一成不變的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 將近 nearly, almost
4.proportion/percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.] 涉及，卷入，參與
6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鑒于
考慮到，盡管
6.induce [v] 引入，引導(dǎo)，引誘/inductive [n] 歸納 (deduce/deductive推斷)
7.fortune/destiny/chances
8.deplete開采完，耗盡/exhaust –exhaust emission (尾氣)排放/exploit
9.complex 錯綜復(fù)雜的/complicated/sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，復(fù)雜的
10.capacity能力，容量/competence (競爭)能力/ability 能力(籠統(tǒng)的)
11.確保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金
12.solely/merely/only
13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花樣，品種/a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 殺蟲/suicide 自殺/homicide/murder殺人
15.believe/assume (responsibility)/suppose
16.授權(quán)，委百家樂怎么玩托：authorize/commission 傭金/entitle 頭銜 + ment =right (權(quán)利)
17.purchase/buy
18. ethnic 種族的/ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =[n.]
19. modify/change [v] shift work 輪班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit
22. circumstance 環(huán)境(社會 )/surroundings/environment 環(huán)境( 環(huán)保 )背景 background 后臺/settings后臺，布景/context 上下文( 文章中 )
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的 fragrant 香的
24.移民：immigrant (進來)/emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.興旺，繁榮;prosperous/thriving/booming(人口，行業(yè))/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 無毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal
29.類似于：look like/resemble
30. chronic長期的,慢性的— long-term 長期的
31.網(wǎng)戀：virtual love/cyberlove
32.網(wǎng)友：on-line /net/cyber friend
上網(wǎng)(聊天)chat on line/go on-line cyber café/網(wǎng)吧
33.evolve-evolution 進化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉(zhuǎn)/involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/predictor表示詮釋，預(yù)測
35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/specialist
37. 優(yōu)點，長處，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length
38. commonest/frequent
39. 未開發(fā)的，初級的：rudimentary/underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生產(chǎn)，制造/degrade-> grade 等級/deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下
41. 分類：category-categorize/class-classify
42. consequence后果->影響/subsequence緊跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency頻率
43.clash 沖突(民族，種族)/crash 飛機墜毀
44.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=>選擇性，代替性，輔助性
46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔絕， 排外，孤立->be aliento/insulate (-ior) 絕緣，隔熱(體)
47.缺點，不足之處：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback
48.創(chuàng)新的，發(fā)明的，新穎的，創(chuàng)新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative (-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) => [n] creative/revolutionary
·易錯拼寫：environment/convenient
49.neutral中立的，中性的 /negative否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，陽性的
50.ambiguous->ambiguity模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure
51.communicate 溝通，傳達，通報
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adaptto 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，3=hold 容納，4使…?？?/span>
53.commitment to sth 奉獻 2 責(zé)任,義務(wù)
54.contribute to導(dǎo)致 result in /account for (占據(jù))導(dǎo)致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short (of)
55.強調(diào)：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate on
明顯的：apparently 顯而易見的/patently 道貌岸然的/obviously =>evidently
56.對…懷疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/suspicious(about/of)
57.缺點，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous
59.機構(gòu)，組織：association/structure/organization
60.超過：exceed/surpass
61.巖漿：molten rock/lava/magma
62.語言：linguist 語言學(xué)家/lingual 和語言有關(guān)的/bilingual/ 雙語
63.多種多樣的：diversity/variety/breed/species
breed：[n]品種，[v]繁殖，培養(yǎng)，引起，造成
64.dialect方言 accent腔調(diào)
65.開始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，開始的/initiate開始，發(fā)動->initiative原創(chuàng)性= origin
66.貧窮：poor/in poverty/impoverished( 被剝奪財產(chǎn)的)
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive構(gòu)思，懷孕/deliver分娩
69.輔助性：alternative 補充性/therapist
70.演繹，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential induce 引導(dǎo)，引入，歸納-> induction 歸納
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing
72.apply：緊靠，涂，將…應(yīng)用于，適用，專心致力于，獻身于
73.subsidize輔助/subsidy 補助，補貼/subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/depend on sth
75.be preferred by/choice
76.attitude to/how
77.the present century/modern society
78.broad/great
79.in term of 按照，在…方面，關(guān)于/with regard to, in spite of 不顧，盡管
80. small-scale 小范圍/marginal 邊緣處的
81. physical/medical
82. negotiation/agreement 談判，洽談/商定，協(xié)議
83.evolve/develop來源：
84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房
85.virtual (love)/simulate 模擬的(網(wǎng)戀)/模擬
86.catastrophe/disaster 大災(zāi)難/災(zāi)難，不幸
87.innovate/invent 革新，創(chuàng)新/發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造
sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工藝
88.exorbitant/expensive 過度的，極高的/費用大的，昂貴的
89. be participant in/take part in /participate in
90.labour [美，澳]/work
91.attend to/take care of
92.dualemployment/dual-worker 雙職工(家庭)
93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/預(yù)料，預(yù)言
A major contributor to/be central to 來源，起點/是…的主要，中心原因
94.expert/therapist 專家，能手;知識豐富的/某個?？频膶＜?/span>
95.lead to/be associated with 相聯(lián)系(帶來…的好處)
96.balanced/equitable 平等的
97.handicap/disabled/primitive殘疾的，落后的
98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to
by/from
99.benefit/advantage
100.substantial influence/greater likelihood
101.agree on/define
102.considered desirable/effectiveness
103.masquerade/(in) disguise 偽裝
104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不嚴重的
105.inspect/examine審核,檢查
106.caliber/criterion 標準
107.no-one know >< notorious 無人知曉><臭名昭著的
108.dissatisfy/argue 不滿意/厭惡，討厭
109.pessimism/negative/blue>< optimistic 悲觀的，憂郁的>< 樂觀的
110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon
111.identify/define
112.turn… into/become
113.urban/rural/suburban
114.demolish/knock down/dismantle毀壞，拆毀(建筑物)/敲，打
115.migration/move 遷移/移動
116.pay/charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充電，負責(zé)，付費，控訴
117.separate/split 分開，使隔絕，提取/分，劈開
118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住
119.not require/unnecessary 不需要/不必要
120.decode/decipher 譯解(密碼)，解釋
121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽誤，延遲/欠缺，弊端
122.association/organization 機構(gòu)，關(guān)聯(lián)/組織
123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/現(xiàn)代的/當今的/現(xiàn)在
124.intensive burst/explosive release 強烈的爆發(fā)/爆炸性的釋放
125.recognized/identified 承認，識別，認可/識別，鑒別
126.aim to/focuson 針對，目標，打算/集中
127.link…to/lead to 連接/導(dǎo)致，通向
128. inadequate(diet)/deficiency(in trace minerals) 不充分，不適當?shù)?缺乏，不足
129.basic/fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的
130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住
131.fatal/lethal 致命的
132.success on/running on 成功
133.costly/be related by 有關(guān)系的
134.be obtained in/be derived in 獲得，流行，通用/由…產(chǎn)生，起源于
135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的
136.be alike/be similarto 相同的，相似的
137.indicate/show 顯示，指出，象征
138. eliminate/lessen ><消除/減少
139. not risen significantly/stagnate 停滯不前的
140.salary/wage 工資：總稱/藍領(lǐng)的
141.create/gain 創(chuàng)造，造成/獲得，增加
efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生產(chǎn)率
142.economy/financial 經(jīng)濟
143.administration/management
144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，贊同/理解
145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入
146.change/different
147.die>< exist 死亡><存在
148.almost/approximately
149.be out of date/be developed
150.solve/reduce 減少
151.famous/eminent
152.barrier/ hurdle
153.higher position/top post
1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change 僵硬的，一成不變的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 將近 nearly, almost
4.proportion/percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.] 涉及，卷入，參與
6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鑒于
考慮到，盡管
6.induce [v] 引入，引導(dǎo)，引誘/inductive [n] 歸納 (deduce/deductive推斷)
7.fortune/destiny/chances
8.deplete開采完，耗盡/exhaust –exhaust emission (尾氣)排放/exploit
9.complex 錯綜復(fù)雜的/complicated/sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，復(fù)雜的
10.capacity能力，容量/competence (競爭)能力/ability 能力(籠統(tǒng)的)
11.確保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金
12.solely/merely/only
13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花樣，品種/a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 殺蟲/suicide 自殺/homicide/murder殺人
15.believe/assume (responsibility)/suppose
16.授權(quán)，委百家樂怎么玩托：authorize/commission 傭金/entitle 頭銜 + ment =right (權(quán)利)
17.purchase/buy
18. ethnic 種族的/ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =[n.]
19. modify/change [v] shift work 輪班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit
22. circumstance 環(huán)境(社會 )/surroundings/environment 環(huán)境( 環(huán)保 )背景 background 后臺/settings后臺，布景/context 上下文( 文章中 )
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的 fragrant 香的
24.移民：immigrant (進來)/emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.興旺，繁榮;prosperous/thriving/booming(人口，行業(yè))/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 無毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal
29.類似于：look like/resemble
30. chronic長期的,慢性的— long-term 長期的
31.網(wǎng)戀：virtual love/cyberlove
32.網(wǎng)友：on-line /net/cyber friend
上網(wǎng)(聊天)chat on line/go on-line cyber café/網(wǎng)吧
33.evolve-evolution 進化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉(zhuǎn)/involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/predictor表示詮釋，預(yù)測
35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/specialist
37. 優(yōu)點，長處，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length
38. commonest/frequent
39. 未開發(fā)的，初級的：rudimentary/underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生產(chǎn)，制造/degrade-> grade 等級/deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下
41. 分類：category-categorize/class-classify
42. consequence后果->影響/subsequence緊跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency頻率
43.clash 沖突(民族，種族)/crash 飛機墜毀
44.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=>選擇性，代替性，輔助性
46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔絕， 排外，孤立->be aliento/insulate (-ior) 絕緣，隔熱(體)
47.缺點，不足之處：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback
48.創(chuàng)新的，發(fā)明的，新穎的，創(chuàng)新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative (-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) => [n] creative/revolutionary
·易錯拼寫：environment/convenient
49.neutral中立的，中性的 /negative否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，陽性的
50.ambiguous->ambiguity模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure
51.communicate 溝通，傳達，通報
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adaptto 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，3=hold 容納，4使…?？?/span>
53.commitment to sth 奉獻 2 責(zé)任,義務(wù)
54.contribute to導(dǎo)致 result in /account for (占據(jù))導(dǎo)致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short (of)
55.強調(diào)：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate on
明顯的：apparently 顯而易見的/patently 道貌岸然的/obviously =>evidently
56.對…懷疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/suspicious(about/of)
57.缺點，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous
59.機構(gòu)，組織：association/structure/organization
60.超過：exceed/surpass
61.巖漿：molten rock/lava/magma
62.語言：linguist 語言學(xué)家/lingual 和語言有關(guān)的/bilingual/ 雙語
63.多種多樣的：diversity/variety/breed/species
breed：[n]品種，[v]繁殖，培養(yǎng)，引起，造成
64.dialect方言 accent腔調(diào)
65.開始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，開始的/initiate開始，發(fā)動->initiative原創(chuàng)性= origin
66.貧窮：poor/in poverty/impoverished( 被剝奪財產(chǎn)的)
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive構(gòu)思，懷孕/deliver分娩
69.輔助性：alternative 補充性/therapist
70.演繹，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential induce 引導(dǎo)，引入，歸納-> induction 歸納
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing
72.apply：緊靠，涂，將…應(yīng)用于，適用，專心致力于，獻身于
73.subsidize輔助/subsidy 補助，補貼/subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/depend on sth
75.be preferred by/choice
76.attitude to/how
77.the present century/modern society
78.broad/great
79.in term of 按照，在…方面，關(guān)于/with regard to, in spite of 不顧，盡管
80. small-scale 小范圍/marginal 邊緣處的
81. physical/medical
82. negotiation/agreement 談判，洽談/商定，協(xié)議
83.evolve/develop來源：
84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房
85.virtual (love)/simulate 模擬的(網(wǎng)戀)/模擬
86.catastrophe/disaster 大災(zāi)難/災(zāi)難，不幸
87.innovate/invent 革新，創(chuàng)新/發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造
sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工藝
88.exorbitant/expensive 過度的，極高的/費用大的，昂貴的
89. be participant in/take part in /participate in
90.labour [美，澳]/work
91.attend to/take care of
92.dualemployment/dual-worker 雙職工(家庭)
93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/預(yù)料，預(yù)言
A major contributor to/be central to 來源，起點/是…的主要，中心原因
94.expert/therapist 專家，能手;知識豐富的/某個?？频膶＜?/span>
95.lead to/be associated with 相聯(lián)系(帶來…的好處)
96.balanced/equitable 平等的
97.handicap/disabled/primitive殘疾的，落后的
98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to
by/from
99.benefit/advantage
100.substantial influence/greater likelihood
101.agree on/define
102.considered desirable/effectiveness
103.masquerade/(in) disguise 偽裝
104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不嚴重的
105.inspect/examine審核,檢查
106.caliber/criterion 標準
107.no-one know >< notorious 無人知曉><臭名昭著的
108.dissatisfy/argue 不滿意/厭惡，討厭
109.pessimism/negative/blue>< optimistic 悲觀的，憂郁的>< 樂觀的
110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon
111.identify/define
112.turn… into/become
113.urban/rural/suburban
114.demolish/knock down/dismantle毀壞，拆毀(建筑物)/敲，打
115.migration/move 遷移/移動
116.pay/charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充電，負責(zé)，付費，控訴
117.separate/split 分開，使隔絕，提取/分，劈開
118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住
119.not require/unnecessary 不需要/不必要
120.decode/decipher 譯解(密碼)，解釋
121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽誤，延遲/欠缺，弊端
122.association/organization 機構(gòu)，關(guān)聯(lián)/組織
123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/現(xiàn)代的/當今的/現(xiàn)在
124.intensive burst/explosive release 強烈的爆發(fā)/爆炸性的釋放
125.recognized/identified 承認，識別，認可/識別，鑒別
126.aim to/focuson 針對，目標，打算/集中
127.link…to/lead to 連接/導(dǎo)致，通向
128. inadequate(diet)/deficiency(in trace minerals) 不充分，不適當?shù)?缺乏，不足
129.basic/fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的
130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住
131.fatal/lethal 致命的
132.success on/running on 成功
133.costly/be related by 有關(guān)系的
134.be obtained in/be derived in 獲得，流行，通用/由…產(chǎn)生，起源于
135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的
136.be alike/be similarto 相同的，相似的
137.indicate/show 顯示，指出，象征
138. eliminate/lessen ><消除/減少
139. not risen significantly/stagnate 停滯不前的
140.salary/wage 工資：總稱/藍領(lǐng)的
141.create/gain 創(chuàng)造，造成/獲得，增加
efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生產(chǎn)率
142.economy/financial 經(jīng)濟
143.administration/management
144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，贊同/理解
145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入
146.change/different
147.die>< exist 死亡><存在
148.almost/approximately
149.be out of date/be developed
150.solve/reduce 減少
151.famous/eminent
152.barrier/ hurdle
153.higher position/top post