Questions 1-5
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Elusive Tree Kangaroos
Threats:
a growing human population and 1_____________.
Habitat:
high in the 2_____________ canopy, at least 3_____________ feet above the ground.
Steps to access:
l requiring 4_____________
l a 5_____________ in the dense forest
l important skills provided by 6_____________ and trackers to locate them
Appearance:
l resembling 7_____________
l having 8_____________
l 9_____________ for climbing the trees
l 10_____________ for balancing
【技巧揭秘】
這是雅思聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)題型之一的筆記填空題。所有問(wèn)題均是以筆記的形式呈現(xiàn),考察詞匯拼寫(xiě)。這一類(lèi)題型通常會(huì)有大標(biāo)題和若干副標(biāo)題,在審題時(shí)要注意一下這些標(biāo)題,對(duì)于我們的答題會(huì)有很大的幫助和提示作用。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道推薦的解題思路和步驟如下:
Step 1:雅思考試中,無(wú)論是任何形式的填空題在答題前都務(wù)必要注意字?jǐn)?shù)限制。
Step 2: 掃讀標(biāo)題。主標(biāo)題往往提示文章內(nèi)容,如此篇練習(xí)標(biāo)題為tree kangaroo,即可獲知全文內(nèi)容是在介紹tree kangaroo這種動(dòng)物,換言之,這是一篇?jiǎng)游镱?lèi)場(chǎng)景的材料。確定了場(chǎng)景內(nèi)容,便可迅速回憶在備考時(shí)總結(jié)的此類(lèi)場(chǎng)景的相應(yīng)考點(diǎn)和??荚~匯。副標(biāo)題的作用是提示考點(diǎn),更重要的是,它們是聽(tīng)題時(shí)絕佳的定位詞。什么是定位詞呢?我們知道在問(wèn)題中總是會(huì)有些詞或者短語(yǔ)與原文中的某些詞或短語(yǔ)完全相同或者詞義相近。這些詞就可以被稱(chēng)為定位詞,作為題目在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的答案即將或者已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志。舉個(gè)例子,如果把聽(tīng)天氣預(yù)報(bào)比作聽(tīng)力考試,需要解答的問(wèn)題是“上海明天幾度?”,顯然我們沒(méi)有必要聚精會(huì)神地把天氣預(yù)報(bào)從頭至尾聽(tīng)完,只需要留心“上海”這個(gè)詞,聽(tīng)到“上海”后,集中一下注意力聽(tīng)取明日具體的溫度就可以了,“上海”這個(gè)詞實(shí)際上就起了定位詞的作用。因此,在聽(tīng)力考試中,我們可以通過(guò)定位詞來(lái)把握聽(tīng)題節(jié)奏。針對(duì)筆記填空這種題型,副標(biāo)題往往就是天然的定位詞。
Step 3: 在題目中尋找定位詞。但是,通常題目中的哪些詞會(huì)是定位詞呢?一般確定定位詞的原則是“不變,少變,精簡(jiǎn)”,這里所說(shuō)的變化,是指一個(gè)詞被同義替換的可能性,比如說(shuō)題目中如果有個(gè)詞是method,而在原文中卻出現(xiàn)了strategy或者methodology,則說(shuō)明這個(gè)詞被替換,即發(fā)生了變化。故按照“不變,少變,精簡(jiǎn)”原則確定定位詞,即要尋找題目當(dāng)中最難被同義詞替換,最精煉簡(jiǎn)短的詞做定位詞。
鑒于這條原則, 總結(jié)認(rèn)為一般可以用作典型定位詞的內(nèi)容有:
1) 專(zhuān)有名詞,如人名、地名等詞,這些詞在錄音文字中基本都是原詞重現(xiàn),不會(huì)被替換,因此是典型的定位詞。
2) 包含數(shù)字信息的詞,如時(shí)間、數(shù)量等詞。一方面是因?yàn)閿?shù)字的內(nèi)容一般不會(huì)被替換,或者說(shuō)即使有變化也很有限。另一方面,數(shù)字方面的詞往往是考點(diǎn)或者陷阱所在,考生在聽(tīng)題時(shí),要把重點(diǎn)放在信息與數(shù)字限定上的對(duì)應(yīng)。
如:劍二Test 2的section 4中Question 31:What percentage of the workforce were employed in agriculture in the mid 1900s?審題時(shí)就可確定in the mid 1900s這個(gè)限定的時(shí)間為定位詞。那么即使錄音文本中為了混淆視聽(tīng),報(bào)出了不同年份時(shí)各種不同的百分?jǐn)?shù),考生只要堅(jiān)定地等待mid 1900s的出現(xiàn)就可以了。
此題原文為:... you would have to go back to 1750 or so to find a majority of the workforce in this country working in agriculture. By the middle of the next century, in 1850 that is, it had fallen sharply to 10%, and then to 3% by the middle of the twenties century.這里出現(xiàn)了很多百分比,都是作為陷阱項(xiàng)在誤導(dǎo)考生,但是只要抓住mid 1900s即the middle of twentieth century就不難明確答案為3%。
3) 其他限定詞,如地點(diǎn)限定詞,程度限定詞等。
如:劍五Test 2的Section 4中的題目:Average daily requirement for an adult in Antarctica is approximately _______ kilocalories.解題時(shí)就會(huì)注意到這里有地點(diǎn)限定詞in Antarctica(南極洲),可以聯(lián)想到錄音材料中的陷阱就是告訴考生不同地區(qū)的人的日均卡路里攝入量,而此題的答案需要的僅僅是生活在南極洲一個(gè)成年人的日均需求量。
此題原文為... an adult in the UK will probably need about 1700 kilocalories a day on average; someone in Antarctica will need about 3500 ...正如先前預(yù)料的陷阱一樣,材料中先提到了英國(guó)一個(gè)成人的熱量日均需求量為1700,但我們只要明確了地點(diǎn)限定詞Antarctica為定位詞,在后半句中抓出正確答案3500也就易如反掌了。
又如:However,women are more prepared to _____ about them. (劍五 Test1 Section 4) 這道題的定位詞即為more prepared,不過(guò)不得不提醒一下,prepared作為一個(gè)形容詞會(huì)有很多的同義詞或者是近義詞比如:ready,willing或者done in advance等。在雅思聽(tīng)力中,形容詞本身是非常容易被其他詞同義替換掉的,即同義替換原則,故此處不是以prepared這個(gè)詞為定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)而是以more這個(gè)比較級(jí)的程度為定位點(diǎn),即聽(tīng)題時(shí)注意是否有比較級(jí)出現(xiàn)。此題錄音原文中說(shuō)women are far more willing to learn,可見(jiàn)prepared沒(méi)有出現(xiàn),但是more這個(gè)比較級(jí)的程度限定詞卻出現(xiàn)了。
4) 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn),如引號(hào)、括號(hào)、破折號(hào)等附近的內(nèi)容。
一般引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容表示是在錄音原文中引用的話(huà),一定會(huì)原詞重現(xiàn),故也是絕佳定位詞,如劍4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22是一道選擇題,提干部分為T(mén)he “Study for Success” seminar last for…,審題時(shí)很容易確定用特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容作為定位詞,這部分答案對(duì)應(yīng)的聽(tīng)力原文為 there’s our intensive “Study for Success” seminar on the first and second of February,引號(hào)中的定位詞在聽(tīng)力原文中原詞重現(xiàn)了,需要抓住的時(shí)間類(lèi)答案也就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)了。
5) 復(fù)雜定位情況,即空格出現(xiàn)在句子當(dāng)中,一般使用主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)定位。
在考題中如果能發(fā)現(xiàn)到以上四種最典型的定位詞固然最好,如果沒(méi)有,也是常有的事,這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就要把重點(diǎn)放到名詞和動(dòng)詞上。尤其是主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),如:劍五 Test 5 Test 1 Section 1中的題目 The customer’s candidate number is_____.這道題目中定位詞即為主語(yǔ)customer’s candidate number。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)基本由名詞或者名詞詞組構(gòu)成,而名詞的變化可能性最小,所以當(dāng)空上所填為表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,一定要將主語(yǔ)標(biāo)出。
謂語(yǔ)主要指動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞,如:劍4 Test 1 Section 4中的句子填空題ways of planning our _________better。這道題的定位詞可以確定為plan,因?yàn)轭}目中需要填寫(xiě)的是plan的賓語(yǔ),故用plan這個(gè)動(dòng)詞定位是最直接的做法。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道在此需要指出的是,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般會(huì)有很多種同義詞以及主被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)述,因此考生在標(biāo)出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)亦應(yīng)考慮其同義轉(zhuǎn)述及主被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)述的出現(xiàn),比如聽(tīng)力材料中plan可能被替換成design。此題的原文為...and how we can better plan our cities using trees..., 先前確定的定位詞plan原詞重現(xiàn),答案也就是顯而易見(jiàn)的cities了。
Step 4: 預(yù)測(cè)答案。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道認(rèn)為,對(duì)答案的可能性做一個(gè)預(yù)先的解讀和猜測(cè),可以幫助考生在聽(tīng)題時(shí)掌握更多的主動(dòng)。事實(shí)上,高效率的考生在看題的過(guò)程中是將預(yù)覽和預(yù)測(cè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的。很多情況下,考生在考聽(tīng)力時(shí)是將自己腦中預(yù)期的答案和正式聽(tīng)到的答案做個(gè)配對(duì)。要提高預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性,一方面需要考生熟悉機(jī)經(jīng),了解雅思聽(tīng)力的高頻考點(diǎn);另一方面考生平時(shí)也要擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面,結(jié)合常識(shí)原則預(yù)測(cè)答案。比如曾經(jīng)考到過(guò)Sharks locate food by using their _______(劍4 Test 4 Section 4),對(duì)于機(jī)經(jīng)比較熟悉或者平時(shí)比較關(guān)注動(dòng)物世界的考生或許不用聽(tīng)就能夠知道是sense of smell了。當(dāng)然,這里所謂的預(yù)測(cè)不是真的要去猜答案是哪個(gè)詞,但至少要預(yù)測(cè)出答案的詞性。目前雅思聽(tīng)力考試中,考到拼寫(xiě)頻率最高的為名詞和動(dòng)詞,故如果預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為名詞,則聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)就需要特別注意該詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式;若為動(dòng)詞,則需注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)等情況。
Step 5: 聽(tīng)題。聽(tīng)題其實(shí)是一個(gè)驗(yàn)證之前的定位詞和預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果的過(guò)程。另外,尤其是在筆記填空題中,可適當(dāng)注意一下排版,雅思聽(tīng)力中的答案出現(xiàn)基本遵循了邏輯層次原則,如發(fā)現(xiàn)并列關(guān)系的題目(此練習(xí)中的4-6題即是并列關(guān)系項(xiàng)),在聽(tīng)題時(shí)便可以注意借由表示并列關(guān)系的一些邏輯信號(hào)詞來(lái)把握聽(tīng)題節(jié)奏,如:firstly,secondly,also,then,as well as,in addition,for one thing, for another, for a start, afterward, finally, meanwhile, subsequently, previously等等。這些詞后面往往是有重要提示點(diǎn)的。
Step 6: 寫(xiě)答案。雅思聽(tīng)力主要考察細(xì)節(jié)題,故大部分的答案是符合所聽(tīng)即所得原則的,即直接記錄下聽(tīng)到的詞即可,往往不需要做改動(dòng)。只是書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要注意大小寫(xiě)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。
【考題解析】
1. (subsistence) hunting:定位詞選用and前面的內(nèi)容,即human population,因?yàn)閍nd前后內(nèi)容通常是對(duì)應(yīng)的,故可推知空格中需要填寫(xiě)的也為名詞。
2. rainforest:通過(guò)副標(biāo)題和空格前面的介詞in確定應(yīng)該要填寫(xiě)的是某個(gè)地方,定位詞使用canopy,很容易聽(tīng)到答案rainforest,注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范,當(dāng)中不要空格。
3. 70:定位詞使用空格之后的feet這一長(zhǎng)度單位,便可知空格中需要填寫(xiě)的是數(shù)字,又根據(jù)格子前面的詞組at least確定如果聽(tīng)到一個(gè)范圍的數(shù)值,則此處僅僅需要填寫(xiě)最小的數(shù)字。故聽(tīng)到了70 to 100 feet,只需要填寫(xiě)70這個(gè)minimum number便可。
4. a small plane:定位詞用空格前的require,同時(shí)判定需要填寫(xiě)的是名詞。另外,從第四到第六題屬于序列關(guān)系的內(nèi)容,來(lái)填寫(xiě)接近tree kangaroo的三個(gè)步驟,故聽(tīng)題時(shí)可以注意邏輯信號(hào)詞的出現(xiàn)。此處先聽(tīng)到了first,表明答案即將出現(xiàn),后又聽(tīng)到require的替換詞need,之后的a small plane便是答案。
5. two-day hike:定位詞用in the dense forest,聽(tīng)題時(shí)亦聽(tīng)到邏輯信號(hào)詞then,提示答案將至。
6. local hunters: 定位詞用空格后面的并列關(guān)系詞trackers,同時(shí)鑒于trackers為復(fù)數(shù)形式便可預(yù)測(cè)出答案也為復(fù)數(shù)名詞。另外,此句話(huà)中的important在原文中替換為critical。
7. (plush) toys:定位詞用resemble,只是這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,容易同義替換。另外,resemble是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,于是判定空格中需要填寫(xiě)名詞。此處原文中使用的是詞組look like替代了resemble,答案就跟在后面。
8. thick fur:通過(guò)副標(biāo)題appearance的提示便知接著的空格都與tree kangaroo的外表有關(guān),故不難預(yù)測(cè)出要填寫(xiě)的便是常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)物外形方面的詞。原文中用with替代了having。
9. long claws:同8,預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為動(dòng)物的身體部分,定位詞用空格之后的climbing。
10. (a) long tail:同8,預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為動(dòng)物的身體部分,定位詞用空格之后的balancing。其實(shí)相信稍微有點(diǎn)生活常識(shí)的考生不用聽(tīng)也知道一般動(dòng)物使用尾巴來(lái)保持平衡。
附:聽(tīng)力錄音原文
Elusive Tree Kangaroos
The hard to reach “plush toys” on Papua New Guinea have been outfitted with “Crittercams” for the first time. The breathtaking treetop footage is already solving tree kangaroo mysteries, scientists say.
High in the northern mountains on the island of New Guinea, in the cloud forest lives an elusive animal found nowhere else in the world.
With an endearing face and a thick fur, the Matschies tree kangaroos of Papua New Guinea are only found on the island Huon Penisular and they're endangered. Threats include a growing human population and subsistence hunting.(Q1) Tree kangaroos for a long time have been part of the local diet.
They're difficult to study because of the remoteness of their habitat and they spend most of their lives high in the rainforest canopy,(Q2) 70 to 100 feet above the ground. (Q3)
Just getting to their home isn't easy. First, the area is inaccessible by vehicle, so researchers need a small plane,(Q4)landing on a bumping air strip in the village of Yawan. Then, it’s a two-day hike in the dense forest, (Q5)up and down steep mountain ridges. Even once you get there, they're extremely difficult to find. Local hunters and trackers provide the critical skills to locate these elusive animals.(Q6)
Tree kangaroos spend most of their time high up in the trees, and so we are not able to see what they are doing up there. Tree kangaroos, really hide in a tree. So you might be able to see that the moss on the trees is the very same color as the tree kangaroos themselves. And tree kangaroos tend to hide in the moss. They look like plush toys up in the branches, (Q7)but they're very well-adapted for the cloud forests, with the thick fur (Q8)and then they have the long claws for climbing the trees (Q9)and then they have their long tail for balancing themselves.(Q10) But they can also leap down from the trees onto the ground and not hurt themselves."
When one is spotted, there are no tranquilizer darts or anesthesia used. A hunter will climb the tree the kangaroo is on and coax it to leap to the ground. Below, other hunters clear brush and wait for the moment.
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Elusive Tree Kangaroos
Threats:
a growing human population and 1_____________.
Habitat:
high in the 2_____________ canopy, at least 3_____________ feet above the ground.
Steps to access:
l requiring 4_____________
l a 5_____________ in the dense forest
l important skills provided by 6_____________ and trackers to locate them
Appearance:
l resembling 7_____________
l having 8_____________
l 9_____________ for climbing the trees
l 10_____________ for balancing
【技巧揭秘】
這是雅思聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)題型之一的筆記填空題。所有問(wèn)題均是以筆記的形式呈現(xiàn),考察詞匯拼寫(xiě)。這一類(lèi)題型通常會(huì)有大標(biāo)題和若干副標(biāo)題,在審題時(shí)要注意一下這些標(biāo)題,對(duì)于我們的答題會(huì)有很大的幫助和提示作用。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道推薦的解題思路和步驟如下:
Step 1:雅思考試中,無(wú)論是任何形式的填空題在答題前都務(wù)必要注意字?jǐn)?shù)限制。
Step 2: 掃讀標(biāo)題。主標(biāo)題往往提示文章內(nèi)容,如此篇練習(xí)標(biāo)題為tree kangaroo,即可獲知全文內(nèi)容是在介紹tree kangaroo這種動(dòng)物,換言之,這是一篇?jiǎng)游镱?lèi)場(chǎng)景的材料。確定了場(chǎng)景內(nèi)容,便可迅速回憶在備考時(shí)總結(jié)的此類(lèi)場(chǎng)景的相應(yīng)考點(diǎn)和??荚~匯。副標(biāo)題的作用是提示考點(diǎn),更重要的是,它們是聽(tīng)題時(shí)絕佳的定位詞。什么是定位詞呢?我們知道在問(wèn)題中總是會(huì)有些詞或者短語(yǔ)與原文中的某些詞或短語(yǔ)完全相同或者詞義相近。這些詞就可以被稱(chēng)為定位詞,作為題目在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的答案即將或者已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志。舉個(gè)例子,如果把聽(tīng)天氣預(yù)報(bào)比作聽(tīng)力考試,需要解答的問(wèn)題是“上海明天幾度?”,顯然我們沒(méi)有必要聚精會(huì)神地把天氣預(yù)報(bào)從頭至尾聽(tīng)完,只需要留心“上海”這個(gè)詞,聽(tīng)到“上海”后,集中一下注意力聽(tīng)取明日具體的溫度就可以了,“上海”這個(gè)詞實(shí)際上就起了定位詞的作用。因此,在聽(tīng)力考試中,我們可以通過(guò)定位詞來(lái)把握聽(tīng)題節(jié)奏。針對(duì)筆記填空這種題型,副標(biāo)題往往就是天然的定位詞。
Step 3: 在題目中尋找定位詞。但是,通常題目中的哪些詞會(huì)是定位詞呢?一般確定定位詞的原則是“不變,少變,精簡(jiǎn)”,這里所說(shuō)的變化,是指一個(gè)詞被同義替換的可能性,比如說(shuō)題目中如果有個(gè)詞是method,而在原文中卻出現(xiàn)了strategy或者methodology,則說(shuō)明這個(gè)詞被替換,即發(fā)生了變化。故按照“不變,少變,精簡(jiǎn)”原則確定定位詞,即要尋找題目當(dāng)中最難被同義詞替換,最精煉簡(jiǎn)短的詞做定位詞。
鑒于這條原則, 總結(jié)認(rèn)為一般可以用作典型定位詞的內(nèi)容有:
1) 專(zhuān)有名詞,如人名、地名等詞,這些詞在錄音文字中基本都是原詞重現(xiàn),不會(huì)被替換,因此是典型的定位詞。
2) 包含數(shù)字信息的詞,如時(shí)間、數(shù)量等詞。一方面是因?yàn)閿?shù)字的內(nèi)容一般不會(huì)被替換,或者說(shuō)即使有變化也很有限。另一方面,數(shù)字方面的詞往往是考點(diǎn)或者陷阱所在,考生在聽(tīng)題時(shí),要把重點(diǎn)放在信息與數(shù)字限定上的對(duì)應(yīng)。
如:劍二Test 2的section 4中Question 31:What percentage of the workforce were employed in agriculture in the mid 1900s?審題時(shí)就可確定in the mid 1900s這個(gè)限定的時(shí)間為定位詞。那么即使錄音文本中為了混淆視聽(tīng),報(bào)出了不同年份時(shí)各種不同的百分?jǐn)?shù),考生只要堅(jiān)定地等待mid 1900s的出現(xiàn)就可以了。
此題原文為:... you would have to go back to 1750 or so to find a majority of the workforce in this country working in agriculture. By the middle of the next century, in 1850 that is, it had fallen sharply to 10%, and then to 3% by the middle of the twenties century.這里出現(xiàn)了很多百分比,都是作為陷阱項(xiàng)在誤導(dǎo)考生,但是只要抓住mid 1900s即the middle of twentieth century就不難明確答案為3%。
3) 其他限定詞,如地點(diǎn)限定詞,程度限定詞等。
如:劍五Test 2的Section 4中的題目:Average daily requirement for an adult in Antarctica is approximately _______ kilocalories.解題時(shí)就會(huì)注意到這里有地點(diǎn)限定詞in Antarctica(南極洲),可以聯(lián)想到錄音材料中的陷阱就是告訴考生不同地區(qū)的人的日均卡路里攝入量,而此題的答案需要的僅僅是生活在南極洲一個(gè)成年人的日均需求量。
此題原文為... an adult in the UK will probably need about 1700 kilocalories a day on average; someone in Antarctica will need about 3500 ...正如先前預(yù)料的陷阱一樣,材料中先提到了英國(guó)一個(gè)成人的熱量日均需求量為1700,但我們只要明確了地點(diǎn)限定詞Antarctica為定位詞,在后半句中抓出正確答案3500也就易如反掌了。
又如:However,women are more prepared to _____ about them. (劍五 Test1 Section 4) 這道題的定位詞即為more prepared,不過(guò)不得不提醒一下,prepared作為一個(gè)形容詞會(huì)有很多的同義詞或者是近義詞比如:ready,willing或者done in advance等。在雅思聽(tīng)力中,形容詞本身是非常容易被其他詞同義替換掉的,即同義替換原則,故此處不是以prepared這個(gè)詞為定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)而是以more這個(gè)比較級(jí)的程度為定位點(diǎn),即聽(tīng)題時(shí)注意是否有比較級(jí)出現(xiàn)。此題錄音原文中說(shuō)women are far more willing to learn,可見(jiàn)prepared沒(méi)有出現(xiàn),但是more這個(gè)比較級(jí)的程度限定詞卻出現(xiàn)了。
4) 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn),如引號(hào)、括號(hào)、破折號(hào)等附近的內(nèi)容。
一般引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容表示是在錄音原文中引用的話(huà),一定會(huì)原詞重現(xiàn),故也是絕佳定位詞,如劍4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22是一道選擇題,提干部分為T(mén)he “Study for Success” seminar last for…,審題時(shí)很容易確定用特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容作為定位詞,這部分答案對(duì)應(yīng)的聽(tīng)力原文為 there’s our intensive “Study for Success” seminar on the first and second of February,引號(hào)中的定位詞在聽(tīng)力原文中原詞重現(xiàn)了,需要抓住的時(shí)間類(lèi)答案也就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)了。
5) 復(fù)雜定位情況,即空格出現(xiàn)在句子當(dāng)中,一般使用主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)定位。
在考題中如果能發(fā)現(xiàn)到以上四種最典型的定位詞固然最好,如果沒(méi)有,也是常有的事,這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就要把重點(diǎn)放到名詞和動(dòng)詞上。尤其是主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),如:劍五 Test 5 Test 1 Section 1中的題目 The customer’s candidate number is_____.這道題目中定位詞即為主語(yǔ)customer’s candidate number。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)基本由名詞或者名詞詞組構(gòu)成,而名詞的變化可能性最小,所以當(dāng)空上所填為表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,一定要將主語(yǔ)標(biāo)出。
謂語(yǔ)主要指動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞,如:劍4 Test 1 Section 4中的句子填空題ways of planning our _________better。這道題的定位詞可以確定為plan,因?yàn)轭}目中需要填寫(xiě)的是plan的賓語(yǔ),故用plan這個(gè)動(dòng)詞定位是最直接的做法。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道在此需要指出的是,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般會(huì)有很多種同義詞以及主被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)述,因此考生在標(biāo)出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)亦應(yīng)考慮其同義轉(zhuǎn)述及主被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)述的出現(xiàn),比如聽(tīng)力材料中plan可能被替換成design。此題的原文為...and how we can better plan our cities using trees..., 先前確定的定位詞plan原詞重現(xiàn),答案也就是顯而易見(jiàn)的cities了。
Step 4: 預(yù)測(cè)答案。新東方網(wǎng)雅思頻道認(rèn)為,對(duì)答案的可能性做一個(gè)預(yù)先的解讀和猜測(cè),可以幫助考生在聽(tīng)題時(shí)掌握更多的主動(dòng)。事實(shí)上,高效率的考生在看題的過(guò)程中是將預(yù)覽和預(yù)測(cè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的。很多情況下,考生在考聽(tīng)力時(shí)是將自己腦中預(yù)期的答案和正式聽(tīng)到的答案做個(gè)配對(duì)。要提高預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性,一方面需要考生熟悉機(jī)經(jīng),了解雅思聽(tīng)力的高頻考點(diǎn);另一方面考生平時(shí)也要擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面,結(jié)合常識(shí)原則預(yù)測(cè)答案。比如曾經(jīng)考到過(guò)Sharks locate food by using their _______(劍4 Test 4 Section 4),對(duì)于機(jī)經(jīng)比較熟悉或者平時(shí)比較關(guān)注動(dòng)物世界的考生或許不用聽(tīng)就能夠知道是sense of smell了。當(dāng)然,這里所謂的預(yù)測(cè)不是真的要去猜答案是哪個(gè)詞,但至少要預(yù)測(cè)出答案的詞性。目前雅思聽(tīng)力考試中,考到拼寫(xiě)頻率最高的為名詞和動(dòng)詞,故如果預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為名詞,則聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)就需要特別注意該詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式;若為動(dòng)詞,則需注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)等情況。
Step 5: 聽(tīng)題。聽(tīng)題其實(shí)是一個(gè)驗(yàn)證之前的定位詞和預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果的過(guò)程。另外,尤其是在筆記填空題中,可適當(dāng)注意一下排版,雅思聽(tīng)力中的答案出現(xiàn)基本遵循了邏輯層次原則,如發(fā)現(xiàn)并列關(guān)系的題目(此練習(xí)中的4-6題即是并列關(guān)系項(xiàng)),在聽(tīng)題時(shí)便可以注意借由表示并列關(guān)系的一些邏輯信號(hào)詞來(lái)把握聽(tīng)題節(jié)奏,如:firstly,secondly,also,then,as well as,in addition,for one thing, for another, for a start, afterward, finally, meanwhile, subsequently, previously等等。這些詞后面往往是有重要提示點(diǎn)的。
Step 6: 寫(xiě)答案。雅思聽(tīng)力主要考察細(xì)節(jié)題,故大部分的答案是符合所聽(tīng)即所得原則的,即直接記錄下聽(tīng)到的詞即可,往往不需要做改動(dòng)。只是書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要注意大小寫(xiě)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。
【考題解析】
1. (subsistence) hunting:定位詞選用and前面的內(nèi)容,即human population,因?yàn)閍nd前后內(nèi)容通常是對(duì)應(yīng)的,故可推知空格中需要填寫(xiě)的也為名詞。
2. rainforest:通過(guò)副標(biāo)題和空格前面的介詞in確定應(yīng)該要填寫(xiě)的是某個(gè)地方,定位詞使用canopy,很容易聽(tīng)到答案rainforest,注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范,當(dāng)中不要空格。
3. 70:定位詞使用空格之后的feet這一長(zhǎng)度單位,便可知空格中需要填寫(xiě)的是數(shù)字,又根據(jù)格子前面的詞組at least確定如果聽(tīng)到一個(gè)范圍的數(shù)值,則此處僅僅需要填寫(xiě)最小的數(shù)字。故聽(tīng)到了70 to 100 feet,只需要填寫(xiě)70這個(gè)minimum number便可。
4. a small plane:定位詞用空格前的require,同時(shí)判定需要填寫(xiě)的是名詞。另外,從第四到第六題屬于序列關(guān)系的內(nèi)容,來(lái)填寫(xiě)接近tree kangaroo的三個(gè)步驟,故聽(tīng)題時(shí)可以注意邏輯信號(hào)詞的出現(xiàn)。此處先聽(tīng)到了first,表明答案即將出現(xiàn),后又聽(tīng)到require的替換詞need,之后的a small plane便是答案。
5. two-day hike:定位詞用in the dense forest,聽(tīng)題時(shí)亦聽(tīng)到邏輯信號(hào)詞then,提示答案將至。
6. local hunters: 定位詞用空格后面的并列關(guān)系詞trackers,同時(shí)鑒于trackers為復(fù)數(shù)形式便可預(yù)測(cè)出答案也為復(fù)數(shù)名詞。另外,此句話(huà)中的important在原文中替換為critical。
7. (plush) toys:定位詞用resemble,只是這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,容易同義替換。另外,resemble是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,于是判定空格中需要填寫(xiě)名詞。此處原文中使用的是詞組look like替代了resemble,答案就跟在后面。
8. thick fur:通過(guò)副標(biāo)題appearance的提示便知接著的空格都與tree kangaroo的外表有關(guān),故不難預(yù)測(cè)出要填寫(xiě)的便是常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)物外形方面的詞。原文中用with替代了having。
9. long claws:同8,預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為動(dòng)物的身體部分,定位詞用空格之后的climbing。
10. (a) long tail:同8,預(yù)測(cè)出答案應(yīng)為動(dòng)物的身體部分,定位詞用空格之后的balancing。其實(shí)相信稍微有點(diǎn)生活常識(shí)的考生不用聽(tīng)也知道一般動(dòng)物使用尾巴來(lái)保持平衡。
附:聽(tīng)力錄音原文
Elusive Tree Kangaroos
The hard to reach “plush toys” on Papua New Guinea have been outfitted with “Crittercams” for the first time. The breathtaking treetop footage is already solving tree kangaroo mysteries, scientists say.
High in the northern mountains on the island of New Guinea, in the cloud forest lives an elusive animal found nowhere else in the world.
With an endearing face and a thick fur, the Matschies tree kangaroos of Papua New Guinea are only found on the island Huon Penisular and they're endangered. Threats include a growing human population and subsistence hunting.(Q1) Tree kangaroos for a long time have been part of the local diet.
They're difficult to study because of the remoteness of their habitat and they spend most of their lives high in the rainforest canopy,(Q2) 70 to 100 feet above the ground. (Q3)
Just getting to their home isn't easy. First, the area is inaccessible by vehicle, so researchers need a small plane,(Q4)landing on a bumping air strip in the village of Yawan. Then, it’s a two-day hike in the dense forest, (Q5)up and down steep mountain ridges. Even once you get there, they're extremely difficult to find. Local hunters and trackers provide the critical skills to locate these elusive animals.(Q6)
Tree kangaroos spend most of their time high up in the trees, and so we are not able to see what they are doing up there. Tree kangaroos, really hide in a tree. So you might be able to see that the moss on the trees is the very same color as the tree kangaroos themselves. And tree kangaroos tend to hide in the moss. They look like plush toys up in the branches, (Q7)but they're very well-adapted for the cloud forests, with the thick fur (Q8)and then they have the long claws for climbing the trees (Q9)and then they have their long tail for balancing themselves.(Q10) But they can also leap down from the trees onto the ground and not hurt themselves."
When one is spotted, there are no tranquilizer darts or anesthesia used. A hunter will climb the tree the kangaroo is on and coax it to leap to the ground. Below, other hunters clear brush and wait for the moment.