最簡化雅思寫作:餅狀圖靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)與動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)寫法之差異

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本文來自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《餅狀圖靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)與動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)寫法之差異》。
    學(xué)術(shù)類小作文中餅狀圖相對來說是比較容易寫的一種圖形,但是要取得高分也絕非易事。今天,專家將要探討的是餅圖中靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)和動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)寫法中的一些區(qū)別,并且將會從高分的角度來對各種寫法作一匯總。
    首先我們必須搞清楚什么是靜態(tài)什么是動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)的餅圖:
    圖一:
    The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
    在這個考題中,餅狀圖描述的是可口可樂公司在2000年全球飲料銷量的比重,這種就是屬于靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),也就是說,數(shù)據(jù)沒有發(fā)生任何變化,每個數(shù)據(jù)都是固定的。
    圖二:
    The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European union  .
    The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European union   funds being spent on different forms of transport.
    在這個考題中,政府在不同領(lǐng)域的投資比重相對來說也是比較穩(wěn)定的,因此這個餅圖的數(shù)據(jù)也是屬于靜態(tài)的,那么究竟哪種數(shù)據(jù)屬于動態(tài)的呢?
    圖三:
    Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
    You should write at least 150 words.
    You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
    這個圖是美國人在不同方面開銷的比重,相同的數(shù)據(jù)在2個年份各自所占的比重是不同的,因此是屬于變化的,是動態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)。
    一、靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)餅圖的主體段寫作理論
    建議考生可先按照扇形面積大小從大到小排列數(shù)據(jù),若遇到餅圖中有總數(shù)的描述,宜在開頭先寫。主體段在描寫各個扇形數(shù)據(jù)的時候,要注意詳略,即最大和第二大的扇形要重點描述。下面我們先以圖一作為例子來詳細(xì)解讀這種寫作套路:
    首先,我們可以看到,在圖中央有一個總數(shù),因此我們先在開頭段將其預(yù)先作交代:
    Overall, Coca-cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide in the year 2000. 或者我們還可以這樣寫:
    Overall, a total of 17.1 billion cases of Coca-cola fizzy drink were sold worldwide in the year 2000.
    接著,我們就可以直接來寫主體段了:
    The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 percent of the total volume was purchased. The second biggest consumer was Latin America, taking up slightly over a quarter. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 percent of the total volume respectively while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 percent of the total volume of sales.
    以下我們來解讀一下這種寫法:圖中一共有5塊扇形區(qū)域,最大和第二大的扇形區(qū)域我們分別使用主系表的簡單句引導(dǎo)數(shù)據(jù)的含義,請大家注意劃線的部分。其中,兩個句子的主語和表語其實都是可以互換的,這個可以讓句子成分再多變些,另外,兩個句子后面接續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)描寫的句型我們也要做到不同,比如第1個句子后面我們用的是定語從句,而第2個句子后面我們就用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)來描寫了。接下來第3大的數(shù)據(jù)由于處于中間的位置,既非最大也非最小,不是很重要,因此就直接用簡單句描寫了。最小的那塊扇形面積可以和前面的連起來組合成一個并列句,也可以單獨寫,若是單獨寫的話還可以用主系表的簡單句引導(dǎo),但是表語一般用insignificant,如:The figure for Africa and Middle East was insignificant,…后面再接續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)即可。
    接下來我們再來看看圖二主體段的寫法:
    It is noticeable that road was the biggest item of government expenditure which made up over half of the EU transport budget. Railway was the second largest category of spending, with nearly a third of EU transport funds being spent on railways. Public transport constituted 10%. Comparatively, the outlays spent by EU on other areas were rather small, comprising around 1%-2% each of EU transport budget.
    在描寫最大的兩塊扇形面積區(qū)域的時候,我們也是用相似的句式,即主系表來描述,然后接續(xù)定語從句或者介賓短語來說明數(shù)據(jù)。餅圖中所占份額相對較小的我們就采用略寫的方式交代。
    二、動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)餅圖的主體段寫作理論
    在寫作順序上,動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)的餅圖更多的是按照扇形面積變化幅度的大小關(guān)系,按照從大到小的順序來寫的。從句型選擇上和上一種寫法并無太大區(qū)別,而最大的不同在于描寫中還需要交代各個數(shù)據(jù)的變化情況,這個是靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)里不需要描寫的。
    Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years and together they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45%in 1996.
    Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers surged, up from 1% in 1966 to 10% in 1996. Conversely, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
    Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years.
    從上面的主體段描寫中,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),除了扇形面積按照大小關(guān)系排列描述外,每個主要類別的變化情況都需要跟進(jìn)描述。在描寫這些動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)的時候,朗閣海外考試研究中心提醒考生們特別注意一下劃線的句子,幾乎每個描述的句型都作了些小幅的改變,比如說食物的時候我們用下降了三分之二這種方式,句型上用主謂結(jié)構(gòu),而在講汽車的時候,我們又用現(xiàn)在分詞來寫數(shù)據(jù)的變化。后面在寫其他方面的改變時,我們也嘗試用了些微調(diào),主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯選擇層面上,由此我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)整個主體段的表達(dá)很流暢也很學(xué)術(shù)。
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問您準(zhǔn)備的《餅狀圖靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)與動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)寫法之差異》一文.