IELTS Writing Task 2
Animals for Food, Clothing and Medicine
Essay Topic as Seen in China
海外大學(xué)教師謝振禮投稿
議論文試題簡(jiǎn)直題題都有難念的經(jīng)。2012年4月28日的大作文好像埋下陷阱，一不小心就以為是與一道老題目完全相同。記得雅思出過(guò)好幾次關(guān)于利用動(dòng)物作科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的考題 ， 也考過(guò)如何保護(hù)面臨絕跡的動(dòng)物。但這次題目不一樣。
通常關(guān)鍵字偏多則論證較難，所以跑題風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較大，真是不知道何去何從 。題目說(shuō)現(xiàn)代人“no longer necessary” 不再需要“animals for food, clothing, medicine” 利用動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品作為食物，衣裳，醫(yī)療。你同意還是不同意這種看法？回答這種問(wèn)題往往難以摸著心肝講道理。
當(dāng)今世界真的可以不再糟蹋動(dòng)物 --吃其肉，穿其皮，做藥品？若說(shuō)同意則好像很有假裝的道德良心，而卻這個(gè)立場(chǎng)也比較方便吹牛。說(shuō)不同意又好像良心不安，等于支持可以繼續(xù)宰割動(dòng)物，不顧動(dòng)物的痛苦死活。范文作者干脆陳述兩種觀點(diǎn)，冒充討好兩方的立場(chǎng)，卻也偏向提出不同意的立場(chǎng)。
每當(dāng)讀范文，最好把自己當(dāng)做考官。檢驗(yàn)下一篇原創(chuàng)范文，如果找不到主題，那肯定是跑題了。如果看到連貫不成邏輯，那也肯定結(jié)構(gòu)有毛病。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)論證微弱，那更肯定是缺乏內(nèi)容 。
再進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)英文的用語(yǔ)，用句，用字。文法的缺點(diǎn)在哪里 --修辭效率？句法變化？字匯適當(dāng)？如何改進(jìn)？
顯然作者的母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)?？墒?，母語(yǔ)外教又如何寫(xiě)議論文，能令讀者心服口服？母語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教練的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么，是不是只有英文道地，作文不夠雅思？中教的長(zhǎng)處是不是僅僅會(huì)講國(guó)語(yǔ)兼做翻譯，因?yàn)橛⑽牟粔虻赖?/font> ？
明眼人知道低分寫(xiě)作的苦衷是六盞燈不全亮 --作文的主題，結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容；英文的修辭，句法，字匯。英文作文高分的定義，最好去問(wèn)考官，或參考官方公布的寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Topic>真題回憶不清
In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, or animal products for clothing and medicine, for example. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Example Writing
By Jeenn Lee Hsieh
Trying to live without exploiting animals for food, clothing or medicine can be a healthy lifestyle, except that that would probably never become a fashion. People in the modern world seem to agree that it is not 100 percent justified to eat meat, clothe in leather, or use animals as medical research subjects; nevertheless, very few people would like to choose to live the vegan way for the benefits of animals, people and the planet. The case for animal rights is likely to go nowhere simply because people can have a choice but animals cannot.
It would be out of the question to imagine that non-human animals could voice their own opinions. As it is, the question whether animals have rights as humans do has never been considered seriously. More recently, however, pro-animal and vegan groups have joined forces in supporting one basic right for animals: the right not to be property. Roughly speaking, people take it for granted that they own the world which they actually do. Of course, the animal welfare movement is being promoted to illustrate no more than moral conscience, certainly with little, if any, cognitive knowledge of, or obvious understanding from animals themselves. As a result, amid various points of view, a parallel argument is that there is nothing inherently wrong with using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering.
On the other hand, even today common sense seems to imply that humans are licensed to kill animals for food, clothing or medicine. As if authorized by Heaven, people also make animals suffer in other things, including hard labor in farms and transportation as well as entertainment in circus shows. Discussed as a whole, this is more an issue on habitual necessity, or religious, ethnic and health backgrounds, rather than on mere survival . Although the vegan way of life is a healthy choice, most people cannot accept eating a plant-based diet, nor can they avoid using animal by-products for many purposes. Given that plants can theoretically feed, cover and cure, there is nothing like what comes from animals. In short, talking about sparing animals and leaving them alone is too cheap to carry weight since not every person is willing to be a vegan in the real sense of the word.
In all appearances, the animal debate attracts some attention but does not lead to enough action to reduce the pain of animals. Without wearing something like leather jackets and knowing to use medicines from animals, for instance, humans are in part similar to the omnivorous rats that eat anything . So, it is next to impossible for people to change the carnivorous habits and become entirely herbivorous because humans are not born vegans. (Essay created by Jeenn Lee Hsieh)
IELTS Writing Task 2
Video Games: Good or Bad?
Essay Topic As seen in an IELTS test
Saudi Arabia, April 2012
Video Games: Good or Bad?
Essay Topic As seen in an IELTS test
Saudi Arabia, April 2012
海外大學(xué)教師謝振禮投稿
>Computer games are supported by some families because of their advantages, while other parents are against them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Example Writing
By Jeenn Lee Hsieh
Healthy video games, like healthy diets, are good for children. There is continuing concern that playing violent video games may increase the risk of aggression in players, while less is discussed about the possibility that this activity, if properly monitored by parents, may promote certain positive developments. It may be advisable to reframe the debate in reference to potential costs and advantages.
Obviously, some families are over-worried about the bad effects on kids and teens who have the habit of playing video games, particularly those with violent (or adult) content. To start with, it may be true that children learn their attitudes about violence at a very young age and unfortunately these attitudes tend to last. It is possible that often boys rather than girls are taught to use fighting instead of self-control to handle problems or conflicts. Needless to say, most parents are increasingly aware of their children's poor school performance probably being linked to an addiction to heavily playing video games whose nature is unknown. What is more, it goes without saying that spending too much time in front of the screen is harmful to children both physically and mentally. Further, according to a number of unconfirmed research reports on behavior, some of these undesirable consequences might cause signs of fatigue during the day and nightmares during the night.
To no small an extent, many families actually support video games for having positive effects, including one known as visual-spatial cognition. For one thing, the dispute on video game violence has arguably been narrow in that it assumes that all video games would encourage violence. Contrary to this argument, playing video games may, among other things, help children to practice visual-spatial cognition, a skill needed to solve a math problem or complete a jigsaw puzzle. It should be noted that since few studies examine non-violent games specifically, it is easy to overlook the overall impact of these games. Apart from being entertaining and stress-relieving, many such games prove valuable as learning tools, at minimum related to visual-spatial abilities. Accordingly, to be on the safe side, it behooves parents and children alike to have a wise choice in whether to accept such positive values.
It can be seen that, more often than not, research findings about the effects of playing video games are biased, being focused only on the negative side, or making a claim by seeing some trees without having a wider perspective of the forest . For parents, therefore, the thing to do is to distinguish between good and bad video games, and to limit the screen time for the best interests of the younger generation. After all, video games are not unlike foods of different values; some are tasty and good for health while others, although tasty as well, are not suitable for immature minds.
>Computer games are supported by some families because of their advantages, while other parents are against them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Example Writing
By Jeenn Lee Hsieh
Healthy video games, like healthy diets, are good for children. There is continuing concern that playing violent video games may increase the risk of aggression in players, while less is discussed about the possibility that this activity, if properly monitored by parents, may promote certain positive developments. It may be advisable to reframe the debate in reference to potential costs and advantages.
Obviously, some families are over-worried about the bad effects on kids and teens who have the habit of playing video games, particularly those with violent (or adult) content. To start with, it may be true that children learn their attitudes about violence at a very young age and unfortunately these attitudes tend to last. It is possible that often boys rather than girls are taught to use fighting instead of self-control to handle problems or conflicts. Needless to say, most parents are increasingly aware of their children's poor school performance probably being linked to an addiction to heavily playing video games whose nature is unknown. What is more, it goes without saying that spending too much time in front of the screen is harmful to children both physically and mentally. Further, according to a number of unconfirmed research reports on behavior, some of these undesirable consequences might cause signs of fatigue during the day and nightmares during the night.
To no small an extent, many families actually support video games for having positive effects, including one known as visual-spatial cognition. For one thing, the dispute on video game violence has arguably been narrow in that it assumes that all video games would encourage violence. Contrary to this argument, playing video games may, among other things, help children to practice visual-spatial cognition, a skill needed to solve a math problem or complete a jigsaw puzzle. It should be noted that since few studies examine non-violent games specifically, it is easy to overlook the overall impact of these games. Apart from being entertaining and stress-relieving, many such games prove valuable as learning tools, at minimum related to visual-spatial abilities. Accordingly, to be on the safe side, it behooves parents and children alike to have a wise choice in whether to accept such positive values.
It can be seen that, more often than not, research findings about the effects of playing video games are biased, being focused only on the negative side, or making a claim by seeing some trees without having a wider perspective of the forest . For parents, therefore, the thing to do is to distinguish between good and bad video games, and to limit the screen time for the best interests of the younger generation. After all, video games are not unlike foods of different values; some are tasty and good for health while others, although tasty as well, are not suitable for immature minds.
Supporting Evidence to Prove a Thesis: 紅色論證--支持主題
Reasons+Examples+Details =(RED) Evidence=理由(R)+例子(E)+細(xì)節(jié)(D).
真題大意：有些家庭贊成孩子玩電子游戲，另外有些父母卻反對(duì)。討論兩種不同的立場(chǎng)，并提出你自己的觀點(diǎn) 。
（題外指示--說(shuō)出你的理由，同時(shí)也從你個(gè)人的知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，舉出任何相關(guān)的例子來(lái)正是你的道理何在。）
一。主題：你回答試題的立場(chǎng)就是主題：贊成玩電子游戲 。
（作者偏向支持孩子玩電子游戲，因?yàn)橛衅浣逃齼r(jià)值，反駁反對(duì)者的看法窄小，盡是針對(duì)有暴力內(nèi)涵的產(chǎn)品，等于以偏概全，所以立場(chǎng)站不住腳。）
二。結(jié)構(gòu)：起 (thesis)承(evidence)轉(zhuǎn)(evidence)合(thesis)。組織3-6-6-3共18句，是為【隱形模板】。
三。內(nèi)容：Introduction (申論主題)+Body A(紅色論證)+Body B(紅色論證)+Conclusion(重申主題)
起 --申論主題》集中焦點(diǎn)》話分兩頭. 句子1-2-3 （傾向贊成）
承 --支持主題（一頭要點(diǎn)+紅色論證）句子4-9 （反對(duì)立場(chǎng)）
轉(zhuǎn) --支持主題（一頭要點(diǎn)+紅色論證）句子10-15 （贊成立場(chǎng)）
合 --重申主題《還原焦點(diǎn)《二合為一. 句子18-17-16 （傾向贊成）
謝振禮老師講解 ：
有關(guān)電子游戲?qū)τ趦和呢?fù)面影響，試題不斷重現(xiàn)世界各地雅思考區(qū)。較多的真題提到有“暴力”內(nèi)含的游戲，弊端種種，但是請(qǐng)注意這一題并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)“暴力”字眼。作者以為一般好玩的益智游戲，好處多多。這是答題的立場(chǎng)，也是這一篇范文的主題 。
考題要求討論正負(fù)兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，考生應(yīng)該照章行文，不可以忘記檢驗(yàn)相對(duì)的立場(chǎng)。也不可以忽略提出自己的看法。只有完整答題 , 納入邏輯連貫才能作文提分。當(dāng)然，更重要的是英文的修辭效率，句法變化，字匯適當(dāng)。除此之外，成功的議論文也必定具有精彩動(dòng)人的"RED"論證(supporting evidence=reasons, examples, details)。
論證的內(nèi)容大致落在中體的承段與轉(zhuǎn)段。紅色論證是為了支持主題的立場(chǎng)，少不了舉出相關(guān)的理由，例子，細(xì)節(jié)。論證的資源來(lái)自個(gè)人的知識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或閱讀，或觀察。假設(shè)資源不足，則輔以類(lèi)比推理，利用抽象邏輯來(lái)證明立場(chǎng)。比方說(shuō)，把健康的游戲比喻為健康食物，或把反對(duì)者的偏見(jiàn)比喻為見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林。諸如這種類(lèi)比邏輯，不解自明 。
議論文的主旨就是說(shuō)服讀者（考官 ），不明不白的論證方法只會(huì)令人莫名其妙，實(shí)際上毫無(wú)說(shuō)服力，肯定難以服人。話又說(shuō)回來(lái)，邏輯思維無(wú)非是作文的習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然。英文文法的應(yīng)用才真是像逆流行舟，力爭(zhēng)上游。寫(xiě)作的船槳就是造句, 一槳一槳的往上劃過(guò)多重山，則必能考試提分于不知不覺(jué)中。
（題外指示--說(shuō)出你的理由，同時(shí)也從你個(gè)人的知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，舉出任何相關(guān)的例子來(lái)正是你的道理何在。）
一。主題：你回答試題的立場(chǎng)就是主題：贊成玩電子游戲 。
（作者偏向支持孩子玩電子游戲，因?yàn)橛衅浣逃齼r(jià)值，反駁反對(duì)者的看法窄小，盡是針對(duì)有暴力內(nèi)涵的產(chǎn)品，等于以偏概全，所以立場(chǎng)站不住腳。）
二。結(jié)構(gòu)：起 (thesis)承(evidence)轉(zhuǎn)(evidence)合(thesis)。組織3-6-6-3共18句，是為【隱形模板】。
三。內(nèi)容：Introduction (申論主題)+Body A(紅色論證)+Body B(紅色論證)+Conclusion(重申主題)
起 --申論主題》集中焦點(diǎn)》話分兩頭. 句子1-2-3 （傾向贊成）
承 --支持主題（一頭要點(diǎn)+紅色論證）句子4-9 （反對(duì)立場(chǎng)）
轉(zhuǎn) --支持主題（一頭要點(diǎn)+紅色論證）句子10-15 （贊成立場(chǎng)）
合 --重申主題《還原焦點(diǎn)《二合為一. 句子18-17-16 （傾向贊成）
謝振禮老師講解 ：
有關(guān)電子游戲?qū)τ趦和呢?fù)面影響，試題不斷重現(xiàn)世界各地雅思考區(qū)。較多的真題提到有“暴力”內(nèi)含的游戲，弊端種種，但是請(qǐng)注意這一題并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)“暴力”字眼。作者以為一般好玩的益智游戲，好處多多。這是答題的立場(chǎng)，也是這一篇范文的主題 。
考題要求討論正負(fù)兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，考生應(yīng)該照章行文，不可以忘記檢驗(yàn)相對(duì)的立場(chǎng)。也不可以忽略提出自己的看法。只有完整答題 , 納入邏輯連貫才能作文提分。當(dāng)然，更重要的是英文的修辭效率，句法變化，字匯適當(dāng)。除此之外，成功的議論文也必定具有精彩動(dòng)人的"RED"論證(supporting evidence=reasons, examples, details)。
論證的內(nèi)容大致落在中體的承段與轉(zhuǎn)段。紅色論證是為了支持主題的立場(chǎng)，少不了舉出相關(guān)的理由，例子，細(xì)節(jié)。論證的資源來(lái)自個(gè)人的知識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或閱讀，或觀察。假設(shè)資源不足，則輔以類(lèi)比推理，利用抽象邏輯來(lái)證明立場(chǎng)。比方說(shuō)，把健康的游戲比喻為健康食物，或把反對(duì)者的偏見(jiàn)比喻為見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林。諸如這種類(lèi)比邏輯，不解自明 。
議論文的主旨就是說(shuō)服讀者（考官 ），不明不白的論證方法只會(huì)令人莫名其妙，實(shí)際上毫無(wú)說(shuō)服力，肯定難以服人。話又說(shuō)回來(lái)，邏輯思維無(wú)非是作文的習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然。英文文法的應(yīng)用才真是像逆流行舟，力爭(zhēng)上游。寫(xiě)作的船槳就是造句, 一槳一槳的往上劃過(guò)多重山，則必能考試提分于不知不覺(jué)中。
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