雅思寫作網(wǎng)站:那點(diǎn)事(5)

本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。
    
    寫作理論介紹完了，本著手把手講授的原則，具體說(shuō)說(shuō)圖表作文每個(gè)段落的寫作。Task 1受圖表內(nèi)容的限制，遣詞造句的要求非常有限，只需針對(duì)考試，把核心表達(dá)用準(zhǔn)用熟即可，所謂博大不如精深。
    
    (I)
    數(shù)據(jù)圖：
    一、介紹段introduction：
    介紹段內(nèi)容幾乎完全不用創(chuàng)新，就是對(duì)題目文字部分的第二段做改寫，paraphrase the rubric。所謂改寫，要么換詞，要么換句式。
    
    例如：(I4-100)
    The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK and most
    (1) (2)
    popular countries for UK residents to visit.
    
    換詞
    (1)圖 The charts
    圖：chart, graph, diagram（雅思寫作中完全等價(jià)，無(wú)差別）
    線：line / curve chart
    柱圖：bar / column graph
    餅：pie diagram
    表：table / statistics / figures
    
    (2)動(dòng)詞“表明”give information about
    介紹段是客觀描述，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，give information about雖然在這篇作文中最好不再用，但是informal learning，隨手學(xué)到的東東，留作其它文章再用。替換的詞語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)很多，比如我常用的reveal / indicate / demonstrate，大家也可以選幾個(gè)自己喜歡并且拼寫準(zhǔn)確的形成風(fēng)格，年輕時(shí)多嘗試，年紀(jì)大了就要形成風(fēng)格啦，三個(gè)就夠，多了白搭，還是那句話，博大不如精深。
    
    第二段其余部分的替換因題而異，比如travel換成visit，the UK換成Britain（注意不是England，英格蘭只是Britain的一部分），popular換成fashionable，country換成nation，UK residents to visit換成UK tourists。不過(guò)隨著練習(xí)作文數(shù)量的增加，你會(huì)驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)，雅思圖表作文，連描述的對(duì)象都是類似的。
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。
    
    最后要注意點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)，原文的“below”應(yīng)省略，因?yàn)榇痤}紙上沒(méi)有圖；而第二副圖上標(biāo)注的1999年，可以補(bǔ)充進(jìn)介紹段。對(duì)擔(dān)心寫不足詞數(shù)的單圖作文，甚至還可以“猥瑣”的把特征點(diǎn)概括成一句話加入介紹段。
    
    換句：
    (1)并列句：
    The line chart reveals that … and the bar graph indicates that …（分別描述兩幅圖，形成風(fēng)格哦，第一幅圖用chart，第二副圖用graph，第一幅圖reveal，第二副圖indicate，也許你寫的所有文章都類似，但考官只有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞一篇啊。）
    (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
    … is revealed in the line chart and … is indicated in the bar graph.
    
    One possible answer:
    The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and the bar graph indicates most fashionable nations for UK tourists in 1999.
    
    二、主體段body：
    
    過(guò)渡：
    段首過(guò)渡詞（1個(gè)）
    信息出處：
    According to the line chart,
    As is shown in the line chart,
    The line chart shows that …
    表示邏輯：
    On the other hand等等
    
    段內(nèi)過(guò)渡詞（1-2個(gè)）
    順承：also, besides, in addition
    轉(zhuǎn)折：however, on the other hand, conversely
    其它：meanwhile / in the same time, similarly, in particular
    
    句型：
    簡(jiǎn)單線圖：
    
    
    趨勢(shì)（包括升降速度）：
    The visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
    (1)
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。 (2) (3) (4) (5)
    There was an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
    (2a) (1)(4) (5)
    An increase in the visits is seen from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
     (2a) (1) (6)(4)(5)
    
    (1)主體：（第二段或圖例中有明示）
    同義詞 travel
    The travel increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
    
    代詞 they
    The visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased very rapidly from 1985 to 1988.
    
    線 line：主要用于不理解圖線所代表內(nèi)容的情況。
    the thin（細(xì)線） / thick（粗線） / broken（虛線）
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。 / dotted（點(diǎn)線） line
    The thin line, which represents visits by UK residents, increased from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
    
    (2)增加/減少：動(dòng)詞
    increase / decrease, rise/drop（可做名詞）
    go up / come down
    climb / slide
    ascend / decline
    rocket / collapse（暴增/暴減）
    過(guò)去的圖表用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；一天24小時(shí)的圖表用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
    
    (3)升降速度/幅度（去掉-ly就是形容詞）
    快：quickly / rapidly / swiftly
    慢：slowly / gradually / steadily
    大：greatly / vastly / considerably / substantially
    ?。簊lightly / marginally / minutely
    數(shù)字副詞：
    about / around / roughly / more or less 12 million
    
    (3)+(2a)增加/減少：名詞
    a sharp / slow / great / slight increase
    an upward / rising / increasing tendency
    a downward / falling / decreasing trend
    
    (4)數(shù)字單位用單數(shù)
    12 million而不是12 millions
    
    (5)時(shí)間：
    from … to … / between … and …
    during the period from … to … / between … and … / starting from ….
    
    (6)
    show / prove / witness
    
    (7)補(bǔ)充動(dòng)詞
    keep / remain / maintain unchanged / constant / stable（保持不變）
    fluctuate upward / downward（波動(dòng)向上/向下）
    double / triple / quadruple（2/3/4倍）
    
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. Similarly, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.
    
    復(fù)雜線圖：
    
    極值：
    峰值：peak (v. & n.), summit (v. & n.), highest point
    谷值：touch the bottom (v.), nadir (n.), lowest point
    穩(wěn)定時(shí)期：plateau (n.高原), lower stationary phase (低穩(wěn)時(shí)期)
    
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
    
    簡(jiǎn)單柱圖：
    
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA (4.0 million), Greece (3.5 million) and Turkey (2.0 million).
    
    復(fù)雜柱圖：
    
    比較：
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。
    90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women.
    More women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and marginally more women reached degree level (55%).
    Men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30% respectively).（摘自《劍橋雅思4》）
    
    餅圖：無(wú)非是兩個(gè)表達(dá)的組合“占”和百分比。
    
    “占”：
    Occupy
    Be shared by
    Account for
    Be responsible for
    Be in charge of
    Be in the charge of
    
    百分比:
    A small percentage of … (X%)
    A quarter of …
    The minority of … (X%)（小部分）
    Half of …
    The majority of … (X%)
    Most of … (X%)
    One-fifth of …
    
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    The pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.
    
    表格：
    
    數(shù)字引入：圖表引用數(shù)字的三種主要方法
    分詞短語(yǔ)：
    On average, 11% of all households,
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。 comprising almost two million people, were in this position.
    括號(hào)：
    Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%).
    介詞短語(yǔ)：
    However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
    
    詞數(shù)填充Word filler ：這些表達(dá)沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，考試的時(shí)候可以填充詞數(shù)。
    It is noticeable that …
    It is easy to see that …
    It is obvious that …
    
    三、比較段comparison / 結(jié)論段conclusion：
    比較段：內(nèi)容無(wú)非是數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)或者特征關(guān)聯(lián)兩種可能。
    What is also worth mentioning is that … if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.
    
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.
    
    單圖結(jié)論段：
    Overall, the table/chart/graph/diagram suggests that …
    
    A possible answer: (Band 6.5)
    Overall, the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.（摘自《劍橋雅思4》）
    
    (II)
    流程圖/示意圖/地圖
    
    介紹段：
    The flow chart / diagram / map illustrates … The whole procedure can be divided into … stages.
    
    主體段：
    
    一般過(guò)渡：時(shí)間、順序、目的
    時(shí)間：to begin with, next, then, later, finally; at the same time / simultaneously
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.本文來(lái)自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《那點(diǎn)事(5)》。
    順序：the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage / in the last stage
    目的：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that
    
    
    According to the diagram, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole with green plants on the bottom. Next, remove the green plants on the middle of the bottom and put a container there. Then, cover the hole with a plastic sheet and place some stones on the edge of it to secure its position. Finally, a third stone is laid on the middle of the plastic sheet so that the middle part is also the lowest part.（摘自《雅思寫作勝經(jīng)》，群言出版社）
    
    特殊過(guò)渡：狀語(yǔ)從句when, where...
    When the sun shines on the green plants in the hole, water evaporates from these plants. The vapor rises up and then cools down to form water drops under the plastic sheet. When there is more and more water, it flows along the sheet to accumulate under the lowest part. Finally, water falls down into the container directly under the middle stone.（摘自《雅思寫作勝經(jīng)》，群言出版社）
    
    詞語(yǔ)多樣化：
    accumulate / gather / collect / obtain
    
    詞語(yǔ)具體化：
    水蒸氣vapor和蒸發(fā)evaporate這樣的詞并不容易，考試的時(shí)候可以用具體的方式加以規(guī)避：
    The water turns into gas, rises and finally turns into liquid again and gathers under the sheet of plastic.
    
    句式：
    客觀描述，多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
    （作者：新東方雅思名師 寧柏宇）
    雅思考試很痛苦,我們給您力量.感謝您拜讀我們問(wèn)您準(zhǔn)備的《那點(diǎn)事(5)》一文.