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非謂語教案 篇1
總述: 謂語動(dòng)詞的變化形式取決于時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時(shí)態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時(shí)態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中, 各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的一般形式如下:
現(xiàn)在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing
過去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
將來 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X
如果謂語是be動(dòng)詞, 則可用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時(shí)的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中, 各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的一般形式如下:
現(xiàn)在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X
過去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X
將來 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X
另外, 過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式是should / would be done
一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動(dòng)詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí), 則用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示
2.用法:
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示將來確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如己安排好或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作或按時(shí)刻表將來一定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作), 可以這樣使用的動(dòng)詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動(dòng)作時(shí), 可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 表示正在進(jìn)行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
①.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如在最近按計(jì)劃或安排好要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作), 常見的有這種用法的動(dòng)詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時(shí)間的狀語連用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實(shí), 后一句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞來闡述這一事實(shí)的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因?yàn)樗跒樗暮⒆訐?dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評(píng)他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)
⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識(shí), 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:
①.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動(dòng)作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)
②.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表明確時(shí)間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時(shí)間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn), 即表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響
②.它具有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn), 即可以表示此動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行或還會(huì)繼續(xù)
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)
3.用法:
①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時(shí)間里一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 此動(dòng)可能仍在進(jìn)行, 也可能剛剛停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在寫”)
c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強(qiáng)調(diào)“讀過”這一結(jié)果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在讀”)
2.用法:
①.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況, 其中包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作
a. I met him yesterday.
b. I used to go to school early every morning.
c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.
d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
③.用一般過去時(shí)的句子一般有過去的時(shí)間狀語, 有時(shí)也用地點(diǎn)狀語暗示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生是在過去
a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.
a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.
②.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always, continually, frequently等詞連用, 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況
a. The old man was always losing his way.
b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.
③.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 這一用法僅限于一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等
④.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與一般過去時(shí)配合使用, 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的時(shí)間背景
a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
2.用法:
①.表示過去某時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前己經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或己存在的狀態(tài), 即“過去的過去”
a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.
b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.
d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.
②.在帶有after / before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的句子中, 由于after / before本身的詞義己經(jīng)表明了時(shí)間的先后, 所以這類句子中常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)
a. We left the house before it began to rain.
b. I didn’t wait long before he came.
c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.
d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
八.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
2.用法: 表示一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到過去某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作, 該動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束, 也可能還在進(jìn)行
a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.
b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.
1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人稱), 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示單純的將來, 不涉及主語的主觀意愿
a. I shall be twenty years old next year.
b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.
c. The train will arrive soon.
2.be going to do sth, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈? 或說話人根據(jù)己有跡象認(rèn)為非?？赡芗磳l(fā)生的事
a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.
b. He is going to stay here for a week.
c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.
d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.
3.be +動(dòng)詞不定式, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示職責(zé), 義務(wù), 意圖, 約定, 可能性等
a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
b. There is to be a sports meet next week.
c. We are to meet at the school gate.
4.be about to do sth, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“立刻, 馬上”要做某事或發(fā)生某情況
a. We are about to leave.
b. Autumn harvest is about to start.
a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.
b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.
a. I will be seeing him next month.
b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.
十一.將來完成時(shí):
2.用法: 表示在將來的某一時(shí)刻之前將要完成的動(dòng)作, 這一動(dòng)作也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行
a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.
b. Before noon we will have completed this work.
十二.過去將來時(shí):
a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.
b. He told me that I should succeed.
a. They were going to have a meeting.
b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.
a. We were to finish the work in three days.
b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
2.用法: 過去將來時(shí)表示相對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻來說將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài), 以上各形式的具體用法與一般將來時(shí)各形式的用法相似
a. The work must be done right now.
b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.
a. His bike has been stolen.
b. This window was broken last night.
a. China was liberated in 1949.
b. I was told you were late this morning.
a. The plan has already been made.
b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.
三.主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句:
a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
2.帶有賓語從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 賓語從句變成主語從句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主語it
a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.
→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.
3.帶有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 將直接賓語或間接賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語都可
a. My brother gave me a birthday present.
→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.
4.帶有復(fù)合賓語 (即賓語+賓補(bǔ)) 的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 賓補(bǔ)的形式一般不變, 只是名稱變成了主補(bǔ), 但當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式時(shí), 要變成帶to的不定式
a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.
5.含有短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí), 不要遺漏短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞
a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.
四.應(yīng)注意的問題:
a. The children were excited at the news.
b. We are interested in the English novel.
c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.
b. This kind of cloth washed very well.這種布很耐洗
c. This pen writes quite smoothly.這支筆很好使
d. This dish tastes good.這道菜味道不錯(cuò)
e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.這料子摸起光滑柔軟
3.不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài), 某些表示狀態(tài)或關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞只有主動(dòng)語態(tài), 而無相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài). 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有: cost花費(fèi), fit適合, have有, hold容納, lack缺乏, own擁有, suit適合, fail失敗, belong to屬于, agree with同意
非謂語教案 篇2
英語中動(dòng)詞有謂語和非謂語之分。謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致，而非謂語動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括：動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和過去分詞三種。
學(xué)非謂語動(dòng)詞必須要了解它們的形式和在句子中的功能，請(qǐng)看下面兩個(gè)表格：
1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式（以動(dòng)詞do為例）：
一般式 主動(dòng) to do doing 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有一種形式即done。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示被動(dòng)和完成，而個(gè)別動(dòng)詞(多數(shù)是不及物動(dòng)詞)只表示完成
被動(dòng) to have been done having been done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing ×
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing ×
2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中的功能：
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ ×
_ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √
過去分詞 × × √ √ √ √ ×
一． 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：
不定式的一般式通常表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后或與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生；不定式的進(jìn)行式（通常用于動(dòng)態(tài)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）表示不定式動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同步發(fā)生；不定式的完成式通常表示不定式動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生或表示一個(gè)實(shí)際未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；不定式的完成進(jìn)行式往往強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前一直在進(jìn)行。例如：
1. When I spoke to him, he pretended ___________(look) for something here and there.
2. He looked tired. He seemed ______________(work) all night.
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ___________(invent) the first computer.
4. I would love _________ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
5. He ordered the man __________ (go) there at once.
二． 動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài)：
一般情況下，在一個(gè)含有不定式的句子中，如果有不定式的邏輯主語（即不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）該不定式常用主動(dòng)形式；如果出現(xiàn)的是不定式的邏輯賓語（即不定式動(dòng)作的承受者），該不定式常用被動(dòng)形式。但是，下面幾種結(jié)構(gòu)卻常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)：
(1).在easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, fit, nice, comfortable等表示性質(zhì)特征的形容詞之后的不定式或用這些詞修飾一個(gè)名詞后跟的不定式常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)；
(2).少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如blame(責(zé)備), let(出租)等的不定式作表語時(shí)常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。
6. This sentence is easy ___________ (understand).
7. I can’t go out with you today, as I have a lot of clothes_________ (wash).
8. “Have you any clothes __________ (wash) today?” asked the maid (女傭).
9.Our school is a nice place _________ (visit).
10. I found the chair comfortable _________ (sit) in.
11. I think the question difficult ________ (answer).
12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).
13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.
14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).
三._ing形式的時(shí)態(tài):
_ing形式的一般式通常表示該動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語之后；完成式則表示
動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生。如：
15. ________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.
16. He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.
17. I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.
18. _________ (Finish) the work, he went home.
19. He insisted on _________ (join) the army.
四._ing形式的語態(tài)：
一般情況下，需要找準(zhǔn)-ing動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，若它們之間是主謂關(guān)系，-ing動(dòng)詞常用
主動(dòng)；若它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，-ing動(dòng)詞就要用被動(dòng)。但在動(dòng)詞need, want, require,及形容
詞worth之后的-ing必須用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。如：
20. He won’t come without __________ (invite).
21. The flowers in the garden need _______ (water).
22. Thank you for _________ (give) us so much help.
23. The building ________ (build) now will be a hospital.
24. ________ (give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
25. The book is well worth ________ (read).
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞的_ing形式都可以在句子中作主語。
（1）、一般來說，不定式作主語時(shí)，通常表示一次性的、特指的、具體的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作；而_ing形式作主語時(shí)，通常表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的、泛指的、或不具體的動(dòng)作。如：
26. ________ (refuse) him is not easy this time.
27. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and old.
28. ________ (teach) English is my job.
29. ________ (be) a teacher is her greatest wish in the future.
（2）、當(dāng)句子的主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，兩者在形式上一般保持一致；比較狀語從句中的主語形式通常也取決于主句里的主語形式。如：
30. ______ (see) is to believe.==________ (see) is believing.
31. ________ (say) is easier than to do.
32. ________ (speak) a foreign language is more difficult than reading it.
（3）、在日常英語中，為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，常用it作形式主語而將不定式或-ing放在句末
這時(shí)候要注意下面的習(xí)慣句型：
It + be + 形容詞或名詞+ (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
It + take + sb. +some time / sth. + to do sth.
It + be + no use / no good / useless / a waste of sth. / worth + doing sth.
There + be + no + doing sth. (做某事是不行或不可能的)
33. It was foolish of you _________ (give) up what you rightly owned.
34. There is no ________ (hold) back the wheel of history.
35. I think it’s no good _______ (argue) with your parents.
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞的_ing形式都可以在句子中作賓語。
（1）、有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，不能接-ing形式，常見的有：hope, wish, expect, decide, promise, offer, agree, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, fail 等等。
（2）、有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞的_ing形式作賓語，不能接不定式，常見的有：enjoy, imagine, risk, appreciate, suggest, advise, admit, miss, practise, forbid, avoid, resist, escape, delay, finish, permit, allow, mind, keep, consider, excuse 等等。
（3）、有些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作賓語，意義相同，常見的有：begin, start, continue, intend, bear, attempt等等。但要注意，begin, start 如遇下面三種情況時(shí)接不定式為最佳：
A. 句子的主語是物而不是人時(shí)，如：The ice began to melt.
B. 當(dāng)begin, start 用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí), 如：He’s beginning to understand it.
C. 當(dāng)begin, start 后作賓語的動(dòng)詞屬于心理活動(dòng)、精神狀態(tài)類動(dòng)詞（如realize, understand, love, like, know 等等）時(shí)，如：It began to rain and I began to realize I should go home.
（4）、有些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作賓語，意義有細(xì)微差別，常見的動(dòng)詞有：like / love / prefer / hate to do sth.(表示一個(gè)特定的、一次性的、將來的動(dòng)作)
like /love / prefer /hate doing sth. (表示一般的、習(xí)慣性的、或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
36. I like _________ (swim) but I don’t like _______ (swim) today.
37. Would you love ________ (go) to the zoo with us?
38. I felt like _______ (cry) at the news.
（5）、有些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作賓語，意義完全不同，常見動(dòng)詞有：
39. We must try ________ (finish) the work on time.
Let’s try _______ (work) out the maths problem in another way,
40. I remember ______ (see) her somewhere before.
You must remember _______ (post) the letter for me.
41. He forgot ______ (pay) and asked to be paid again.
Don’t forget _______ (turn) off the light when you leave.
42. I regret _______ (miss) such a good chance.
I regret _______ (say) that I can’t lend you so much money.
43. Doing like that means _________ (cheat).
I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) your feeling that day.
44. I can’t help ________ (do) housework today. I’m busy preparing a report.
I couldn’t help _________ (think) of my childhood while seeing the film.
45. When the teacher came in, the students stopped _______ (talk).
As he was very busy that day, he didn’t stop _______ (talk) with me.
46. Though it was raining, the peasants went on ________ (work) in the fields.
After listening to the text, we went on _______(read).
47. The baby needs ______ (look) after. =The baby needs ________ after.
You don’t need _______ (look) after the baby today.
48. Our school is well worth ________ (visit).
Our school is well worthy ________ (visit).= Our school is well worthy of _________.
（6）、介詞后的賓語一般用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，但要注意：but和except之后通常接不定式；介詞之后若有連接詞時(shí)也要接不定式。如：
49. I have no choice but _______ (wait).
50. He gave me some advice on how _______ (study) it well.
51. He has no idea of what _______ (do) next.
52. I was about ______ (go) out when it began to rain.
注意：A. 下面短語中的to是介詞，后面要接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式而不接不定式。
devote---to---, look forward to, pay attention to, prefer---to---, lead to, be close to, refer to, belong to, as to, get down to, owing to, be / get /become used to(習(xí)慣于------),等等。
B.有些短語中介詞經(jīng)常省略，這時(shí)要注意接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，如：be busy (in) doing sth., spend money /time (in) doing sth., have difficulty /trouble / problems (in) doing sth., prevent / stop ---(from) doing sth.,等等。
（7）、當(dāng)不定式和_ing形式作“主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)語”句型中的賓語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語置于補(bǔ)語之后，常見句型有：
主語+ make / feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
主語+ make /feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + no good /no use /useless + doing sth.
所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞都可以在句子中作表語，其區(qū)別在：
（1）、不定式作表語通常表示一次性、特指的、將來的或具體的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)還可以表示計(jì)劃安排將要發(fā)生的事或一種命令要求。
（2）、-ing形式作表語通常表示習(xí)慣性、泛指的、不具體的動(dòng)作或表示主語的性質(zhì)特征（主要是一些表示感情情緒的詞，譯為“令人感到……的”）
（3）、過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，常具有被動(dòng)含義（主要是一些表示感情情緒的詞，譯為“感到……的”），這樣的動(dòng)詞常見的有：surprise, move, excite, interest, shock, tire, bore, touch, encourage, disappoint, invite, inspire, amuse等等。如：
53. No one is ______ (leave) this building without the permission of the police.
54. My job is ______ (teach) English and my wish is ______ (be) a lawyer.
55. The president is ______ (visit) our country next month.
56. The speech was very _________ (move) and we were all _______ (move) to tears.
所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞都可以作定語，其區(qū)別在：
（1）、不定式作定語常放在被修飾的名詞之后，通常可以表示：
A. 一個(gè)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)作。如：
The building to be built next month will be a hospital.
B. 被修飾的名詞與用作定語的不定式之間可能是邏輯上的“主+謂”關(guān)系，也可能是邏輯上的“動(dòng)+賓”關(guān)系。如：
Do you have anyone to help you? (“主+謂”關(guān)系)
I have nothing to write. (“動(dòng)+賓”關(guān)系) 我沒有什么東西可寫。
C. 如果是“動(dòng)+賓”關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式之后有時(shí)需要添上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，而在名詞time, place, moment, way等之后的不定式所帶的介詞可以省略，如：
I have nothing to write on. 我沒有什么東西可以上面寫字。
I have nothing to write with. 我沒有什么東西可以用來寫字。
I have no time to rest.
注意：這種帶介詞的不定式短語常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞+which / whom+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：They had only a cold room to live in.==
They had only a cold room in which to live.
D. 下列情況常用不定式作定語：
當(dāng)句子中的謂語是一些特定的動(dòng)詞，如：be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它們后面的名詞（賓語或表語）常用不定式修飾。
當(dāng)名詞前有特定的定語，如：first, last, next, only, second以及形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，其后常用不定式作定語。
在There be句型中，主語之后常用不定式作定語。
有一些特定的名詞之后常用不定式作定語，常見的有：time, chance, right, promise, wish, plan, means, ability等。
例：You have no right to speak here.
He is the only person to know the truth.
There is nothing to worry about.
My parents had no chance to go to college.
（2）、動(dòng)詞的_ing形式作定語時(shí)，如果是單個(gè)詞，常放在被修飾名詞之前；如果是-ing短語，要放在名詞之后。_ing作定語通?？梢员硎荆?BR> A. 被修飾名詞的用途，如：a sleeping car, a waiting room, a walking stick, etc.
B. 被修飾名詞的性質(zhì)特征，如：exciting news, a moving story, etc.
C．被修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：a falling leaf, a burning stick, boiling water, etc.
（3）、過去分詞作定語通常表示：
A. 被動(dòng)，如：He is a man loved by all the people.
B. 完成，如：The building built last year is our classroom building.
a fallen leaf, a developed country, boiled water
C. 被修飾名詞所處的狀態(tài)，如：an excited boy, the disappointed parents, surprised eyes, etc.
所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞都可以在句子中充當(dāng)狀語，其區(qū)別在：
（1）、不定式（短語）常在句子中作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語，常見句式有：
目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.
結(jié)果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth.; too…to do sth.; only to do sth.
原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth.
（2）、_ing形式和過去分詞位于句首時(shí)常作時(shí)間、原因、條件狀語，位于句末時(shí)主要作方式、伴隨或結(jié)果狀語。究竟該用_ing還是過去分詞，主要取決于句子的主語，若它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系就用_ing形式，若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用過去分詞。
57. He raised his hand ________ the taxi stop. (have)
58. _______ from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful. (see)
59. The parents died, _______ him an orphan. (leave)
60. ______ to college, he works very hard. (go)
61. I’m not such a boy as ______ him. (believe)
62. _______ ill, he was sent to a hospital. (be)
注意：A. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，如：
（×）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
(×) Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.
（√）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.
（√）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.
B．有些非謂語動(dòng)詞可以相當(dāng)于獨(dú)立成分、介詞或連詞使用，這時(shí)候它們常有自己固定的形式，與句子的主語不存在任何的邏輯關(guān)系，常見的有：
to tell (you) the truth, to be honest, (老實(shí)說)
generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/嚴(yán)格/準(zhǔn)確地說)
including (其中包括……) compared with / to… (與……相比)
所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞都可以作補(bǔ)語，在使用中要注意下面幾種情況：
（1）、有許多動(dòng)詞，如：ask, tell, allow, force, cause, encourage, 等之后都可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
（2）、在感官動(dòng)詞notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at之后可以接三種非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語，其區(qū)別在：_ing作補(bǔ)語表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如果這個(gè)動(dòng)作與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，還要用其被動(dòng)形式being done；過去分詞作補(bǔ)語常表示一個(gè)完成被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；不定式作補(bǔ)語可以表示一個(gè)全過程、一個(gè)具體的、將來的、或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：
63. I saw the classroom ________ (clean) when I passed by it.
64. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) by the river.
65. I often hear him ________ (sing) in the next room.
66. I saw the room _________ (clean). Everything was put in order.
67. I saw him ________ (open) the door, _______ (walk) into the room, and ______ (sit) down at the desk.
（3）、注意使讓動(dòng)詞之后的補(bǔ)語用法：
A．have sb. do sth.==get sb. to do sth. “請(qǐng)/叫/讓某人做某事” 與賓語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的。
B．have sb./ sth. doing sth.“使某人一直做某事/容許某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。
C．get sb. doing sth.“使某人開始做某事”。
D．have sb./sth. done ==get sb./sth. done“使某人/某物被……或使……遭受……”，表示被動(dòng)
E．make /let sb. do sth.表主動(dòng)。
F. make /let sb. /sth. /oneself done 表示被動(dòng)。
（4）、有些動(dòng)詞后不能接非謂語動(dòng)詞特別是不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，?？嫉膭?dòng)詞有：agree, refuse, hope, suggest, demand, etc.
(5)、有些動(dòng)詞后需要接_ing作賓語，而接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，常見的動(dòng)詞有：advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage等。
例：68.You’d better have someone else _______ (help) you. I’m too busy.
69.He already had his eyes ________ (examine) in the hospital yesterday.
70.The speaker explained it again to make himself _______ (understand).
71.We don’t allow _____ (smoke) in our classroom.
72.He didn’t allow his son _____ (play) computer games.
動(dòng)詞的_ing形式常被用來解釋一個(gè)名詞的具體內(nèi)容，在句子中充當(dāng)同位語，如：
His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged.
The gesture for “OK”, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meaning in different countries.
一、 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：
所有非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)都是在非謂語動(dòng)詞前直接加否定詞not或never等構(gòu)成。
例：Excuse me for not coming back in time.
Not having received a reply, He decided to writer again.
He advised me never to go out alone at night.
不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指帶有主語的動(dòng)詞不定式，其形式有以下兩種：
（1）、for sb. to do sth.(側(cè)重動(dòng)作), 可以用于各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。
（2）、of sb. to do sth.(側(cè)重對(duì)邏輯主語品行的評(píng)價(jià))，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于下列形容詞之后：bad, brave, careful careless, clever, foolish, cruel, kind, rude, polite, stupid等。
73.It’s very important ____ us to learn English well.
74.It’s very foolish ____ you to believe him. == You are very foolish to believe him
75.There are a lot of difficulties ____ them to overcome.
76.I stepped aside ____ her to pass.
由動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞_ing一起構(gòu)成，在句子中主要作主語和賓語，其形式有：
注意、A、當(dāng)句子的主語就是_ing動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語時(shí)不能用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Would you mind opening the door? (You open the door.)
Would you mind my / me opening the door? (I open the door.)
B、_ing作主語放在句首時(shí)，只能用第（1）種形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
His being ill made us very sad.
C、當(dāng)無生命的名詞或兩個(gè)以上的名詞/代詞并列作_ing的邏輯主語時(shí)，只能用第（2）種形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Can you hear the noise of the machine running.
Is there any hope of him and his sister winning the prize?
（1）、由“名詞或代詞主格+動(dòng)詞的_ing形式或過去分詞”構(gòu)成，在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨情況或方式。主要用于句子的主語不是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語時(shí)。如：
77.All the work_______ (do), he had a rest. （時(shí)間狀語）
78.Weather ________ (permit), we will go outing tomorrow.（條件狀語）
79.The boy stood there, his right hand _______ (raise). （伴隨情況）
80.He _____ (be) ill, we sent him to a hospital. （原因狀語）
81.There ______ (be) no buses, we had to walk home.（原因狀語）
（2）、由“with/without +名詞/代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞_ing /過去分詞/不定式/介詞（短語）/形容詞/副詞”等構(gòu)成，在句子中可以作狀語或定語。如：
82.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ (tie) behind his back.
83.With a lot of work ____ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you.
84.He left without anybody ______ (know).
五、“連接詞+ to do”，“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done /doing”結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
（1）、“連接詞+to do”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語和表語，?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成由該連詞引出的從句。
(2)、“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done/doing” 在句子中只能作狀語，主句的主語是此結(jié)構(gòu)中doing和done的邏輯主語，如果它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，就用doing，是被動(dòng)的就用done。
85. Please tell me what _______ (do ) next. ==Please tell me what I should do next.
86. The problem is whether _______ (go) by bus or by plane.
87. When ______ (start) the project hasn’t been decided yet.
88. Be careful when / while ________(cross) the street.
89. When________ (heat), ice will melt.
90. He won’t go to the party unless _______ (invite).
一、 省略不定式符號(hào)to的情況：
(1).不定式在感官動(dòng)詞notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, 和使讓動(dòng)詞have, make, let 之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，符號(hào)to必須省略。但是當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，符號(hào)to不能省略。
例：We often hear him sing the song at home.→ He is often heard to sing the song at home.
(2).在動(dòng)詞help之后作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式，符號(hào)to可有可無。
(3).兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式由連詞and / or / than / but 等連接時(shí)，從第二個(gè)不定式起的符號(hào)to常常省略。
例：The students are taught to read, write and do many other things.
例：It’s more difficult to do than to say.
The teacher came not to punish you but to help you.
I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
(4).不定式作表語，用來解釋主語部分中do的內(nèi)容時(shí)可以不帶to。如：
What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.
The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her.
(5).在why或why not引起的表示建議或責(zé)問的省略問句中不能帶to。
Why quarrel with your mother? Why not join us?
(6).在一些類似情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞組如：had better, would rather … than … , can’t (help / choose) but 等之后的動(dòng)詞不帶to。
(7).不定式作but或except的賓語時(shí)，若前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do / does / did / to do等形式，不帶to。如：
I did nothing but / except do my homework last night.
She had nothing to do but wait.
(8).當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞do / does / did用來加強(qiáng)語氣或構(gòu)成倒裝句時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不能帶to。如：
Seldom does he go home this term. I did tell him the news.
(9).當(dāng)dare用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的不定式有時(shí)也不帶to，特別是在否定句中。
She didn’t dare (to) ask the teacher.
(10).在美國(guó)口語中，用在祈使語氣中表示目的，在動(dòng)詞come / try / go / run等之后的不定式可以不帶to。如：
Come tell me if he arrives. Go tell your mother. Try open the door again.
二、 省略to之后的動(dòng)詞部分的情況：
一般說來，當(dāng)不定式內(nèi)容是重復(fù)前面的內(nèi)容時(shí)，to后的成分可以承前省略，但要保留符
號(hào)to，此時(shí)省略的成分相當(dāng)于do so，這種結(jié)構(gòu)一定要有上文或一定的語境。如：
_ Will you go with me? _ Well, I’d like to.
_ Why didn’t you bring an umbrella with you? _ I meant to, but I forgot about it.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
He can’t eat as much as he used to.
注意：當(dāng)不定式內(nèi)容是助動(dòng)詞be / have時(shí)，to后要保留原形的be / have。如：
He hasn’t succeeded in the exam, but in fact he ought to have.
She is no longer what she used to be.
1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
2. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. (2004 Ⅲ)
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____ in making the earth a better place to live. ()
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
4. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______ .()
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
5. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004)
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
6. _ Mum, why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?
_ ______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (NMET)
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
7. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET1999)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
8. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET). A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
9. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. (2004)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
10. With two exams _______ , I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004)
A. worrying about B. worried about C. to worry about D. to worry
11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004)
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. (2004)
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
13. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. (2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
14. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004). A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
15. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have wait
參考答案：1~5 CDBCC 6~10 CBABC 11~15 CABDC
第二節(jié)：1. to be looking 2. to have been working 3. to have invented 4. to have gone
5. to go 6. to understand 7. to wash 8. to be washed
9.to visit 10. to sit 11. to answer 12. to blame
13. to fire 14. to be fired 15. Walking 16. having taught
17.singing 18. having finished 19. joining 20. being invited
21. watering 22. giving 23. being built 24. Given
第三節(jié)：26. To refuse 27. Walking 28. Teaching 29. To be
30. To see; Seeing 31. To say 32. Reading 33. to give
34. holding 35. arguing 36. swimming; to swim 37. to go
38. crying 39. to finish; working 40. seeing; to post 41. being paid; to turn 42. missing; to say 43. cheating; to hurt 44. to do; thinking 45. talking; to talk
46. working; to read 47. looking/to be looked; to look 48. visiting; to be visited/being visited 49. To wait 50. to study 51. to do 52. to go 53. to learn
54. teaching; to be 55. to visit 56. moving; moved 57. to have 58. Seen
59. leaving 60. to go 61. to believe 62. Being 63. being cleaned/cleaned
64. playing 65. sing 66. cleaned 67. open; walk; sit 68. help
69. examined 70. understood 71. smoking 72. to play
第四節(jié)：73. for 74. of 75. for 76. for 77. done 78. permitting
79. raised 80. being 81. being 82. tied 83. to do 84. knowing
85. to do 86. to go 87. to start 88. crossing 89. heated 90. invited
非謂語教案 篇3
非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：不定式，動(dòng)詞ing形式(v-ing)及過去分詞(ed分詞)。
不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以帶自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語，不作謂語。如：
Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.
To make a plan first is a good idea.
1. 動(dòng)詞不定式不失動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式有六種形式，以write為例：
(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：
①不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生，不定式用一般式，如：
It seems that he knows this.
鯤e seems to know this.
I hope that I'll see you again.
鯥 hope to see you again.
②不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的情景，或持續(xù)性，不定式用進(jìn)行式，如：
He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.
鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.
I am very glad that I am working with you.
鯥 am very glad to be working with you.
③不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，不定式用完成式，如：
I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.
鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.
It seems that I have met you somewhere before.
鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.
④如果強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)刻起一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，不定式用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
(2)不定式的語態(tài)：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式一般用被動(dòng)式。如：
This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
(1)不定式作主語：
To say is one thing; to do is another.
To read novels is my hobby.
it形式主語常常代替作主語的不定式，而將不定式或不定式短語放在后面。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.
To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.
鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
注意：①To see is to believe. 主語和表語都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是錯(cuò)誤的。
②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish與finishing放在than后面都是不合適的，因?yàn)榍懊婢渥拥闹髡Z是to answer，后面的主語也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)平行。
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
The problems remain to be unsettled.
(3)不定式作賓語：在下列及物動(dòng)詞后，常跟不定式作賓語：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。
To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.
注意：不定式作賓語時(shí)，有時(shí)用“it”替換，it為形式賓語，而將真正的不定式作賓語后置，如：
I found to learn English well not easy.
鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel to help others my duty.
鯥 feel it my duty to help others.
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
在被動(dòng)語態(tài)was considered后面，不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語接不定式作賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常有:
ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell
等。
(其中沒有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)
注意：①不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在部分感官及使役動(dòng)詞后，用不帶to的不定式作賓語，常用的動(dòng)詞有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有無to都可以，如：
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all the night.
把上面句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，不定式成為句子的主語補(bǔ)足語，需帶to，即在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不定式一律帶to，不存在省略問題。
注意：②在謂語動(dòng)詞think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作賓補(bǔ)，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作賓補(bǔ)。如：
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
We found him(to be)honest.
suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定語：不定式作定語，有時(shí)與前面被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)，工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞，如：
I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)
Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)
在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介詞，如：
He had no money and no place to live.
其他不定式作定語情況，如：
I have no chance to go abroad.
They had never moment to rest.
There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
There is no time to lose.
=There is no time to be lost.
但是在下列句子中，不定式主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)形式意義不同：
--Have you anything to wash?
--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.
不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是you. you wash something
--Have you anything to be washed?
--No, Thank you.
不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.
I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。
②作原因狀語：
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
③在某些形容詞后面作狀語：
I am glad to see you.
You are sure to succeed.
④作結(jié)果狀語：
第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的結(jié)果)
He is too old to read.
The boy is too young to dress himself.
當(dāng)不定式前的形容詞為nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等時(shí)，too…to，“to…”可譯作肯定，
They are too nervous to leave. 他們急于離開
I am only too pleased to help you.
We are never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。
第三，形容詞/副詞enough to do sth.
He was quick enough to catch the ball.
The girl is old enough to go to school.
第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……
He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.
He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.
⑤不定式作方面狀語，不定式作方面狀語與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式多用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，如果不定式為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不必再跟賓語，如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，要用相應(yīng)的介詞，如：
The mountain is difficult to climb. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：climb the mountain)
Lesson Two is easy to learn. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：learn Lesson Two)
3. 不定式的邏輯主語：不定式的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語，如He seemed to be reading something, 當(dāng)需要明確指出不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：
(1)當(dāng)作表語的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行，性格，性質(zhì)時(shí)，要用of，常見的這類形容詞有:
brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。這時(shí)It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容詞to do sth. , 如：
It is very kind of you to say so.
相當(dāng)于You are very kind to say so.
It is clever of him to win the competition.
鯤e is clever to win the competition.
It+ be+ 形容詞+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 這一句型中的形容詞大多為：
easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。這些詞只能說明不定式行為的是與非，不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容詞+ to do sth. ，如：
1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.
不能說：Beginners are difficult to read.
但是第一類，即It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容詞，如right, impolite…等如果強(qiáng)調(diào)評(píng)論人用of，強(qiáng)調(diào)評(píng)論行為也可用for，應(yīng)用情況如下：
(1)當(dāng)sb. 為泛指時(shí)，形容詞著重評(píng)論不定式行為本身，如：
It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.
(2)當(dāng)不定式為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的執(zhí)行者常常省略，因此形容詞只用來評(píng)論不定式行為了。
It was unkind for you to be laughed at.
4. 帶疑問詞的不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when, whether等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，如：
The question is when to start.
They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.
what to say.
I don't know what to write about.
how to do it.
注意：沒有if to do和why to do.
I don't know why I should do it. (正)
5. 不定式省略“to”的情況：
(1)當(dāng)and或or連接同一概念的不定式時(shí)，或者當(dāng)它們之間的關(guān)系并列一致時(shí)，可將and或or后面的to省去，如：
I'd like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是，有時(shí)為了表示對(duì)照，或加強(qiáng)語氣，則不可以省去to，如：
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)省略to。
(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行為動(dòng)詞do, but, except后省去to，如：
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:
1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.
2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.
6. “to”代表整個(gè)不定式：有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，省去不定式后面的內(nèi)容，保留到不定式符號(hào)to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：
--Will you please give him a message when you see him?
--I'll be glad to.
--Would you like to go shopping with me?
有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以不省略。
Do what he or she tell you to do.
動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞原形+ ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式起到名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，但不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語，其構(gòu)成形式如下，以do為例：
完成時(shí)態(tài) having done having been done
Learning English is very important to me.
Having been widened, the road took on a different look.
隨著-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)有不同的要求，關(guān)于-ing的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的詳細(xì)使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中講述。
1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語：
Seeing is believing.
有時(shí)主語太長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語，將真正主語放在后面。如：
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.
但在口語中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。
Going shopping is a pleasant thing.
②在下列句型中習(xí)慣用-ing作主語，不用不定式：
It is no good doing.
It is useless only learning English grammar.
It is no good cutting down the forest.
③在there+ be+ no+ 主語結(jié)構(gòu)中，必須用動(dòng)詞-ing作主語：
There is no telling what will happen in the future.
④主語和表語結(jié)構(gòu)相同，對(duì)等。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
Would you mind my sitting here?
We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.
(2)在介詞后：
We look forward to seeing you again.
(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容詞后面：
China Daily is well worth reading.
The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.
They look like winning the relay race.
Suddenly I feel like eating something.
動(dòng)詞-ing做主語或賓語時(shí)，一般情況下其邏輯主語為句子的主語，如果需要自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，要用物主代詞或名詞所有格+ 動(dòng)詞-ing，如：
His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.
Would you mind my/me smoking here?
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing不在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格，名詞普通格代替，但邏輯主語為無生命的名詞，或泛指時(shí)，用普通格，如：
We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.
3. 不定式與動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語的比較：
(1)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，而不跟不定式：
admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,
excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,
mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：
He practices speaking English every day.
He admitted having broken the window.
I much appreciate your giving me the chance.
She dislikes doing housework.
He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.
(2)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式，不跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語：
want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,
offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：
I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.
We are planning to build another research center.
I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.
(3)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后面跟不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，意義不同，如：
I remember doing this exercise before.
我記得以前做過這個(gè)練習(xí)。
Remember to post the book for me.
記住幫我把那本書寄走。
We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我們忘不了聽杰克遜唱歌的情景。
Don't forget to give my regards to them.
I'll try to improve my pronunciation.
我要努力去糾正，提高我的發(fā)音。
Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?
既然前門沒人答應(yīng)，為什么不試試后門呢?
I suggest we stop working and have a rest.
我建議我們停下干活，休息一會(huì)兒。
They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.
他們停下來，聽一聽，再?zèng)]什么聲音。
What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?
你打算如何處理你那輛舊自行車?
I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果這意味著要推遲一星期左右，那我就不等了。
(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，如：
Do you like to eat ice-cream?
I like traveling very much.
I like driving(do drive)fast cars.
(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，在下列情況下，多用不定式：
①自然界變化：
It started to rain.
Snow started to melt as spring came.
②心理活動(dòng)，在understand, know, realize等詞前面：
I began to understand my mother's feelings.
③begin, start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)：
Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.
(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等動(dòng)詞后面，有名詞或代詞作賓語，用不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如果沒有賓語，直接用-ing形式，如：
1)We don't allow parking here.
2)The police don't allow people to park here.
3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.
4)I advise seeing more English films.
(7)need, require, want譯作“需要”時(shí)，跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于to be done，如：
The windows require cleaning.
The windows require to be cleaned.
The patient needs operating on at once.
The patient needs to be operated on.
The flowers want watering.
The flowers want to be watered.
(8)在一些固定表達(dá)中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不用不定式：
can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.
I'm looking forward to getting your letter.
We are used to living in the countryside.
4. 動(dòng)詞-ing在句中作表語：
Our plan is setting up a new car factory.
My job is teaching/driving.
這類詞作表語，起解釋說明主語的作用，主表可顛倒：Teaching is my job. 轉(zhuǎn)換成問句，用what提問：
--What's your job?
--My job is teaching.
--How is your job?
--It is interesting.
--How was your trip?
--It is tiring, but interesting.
5. 動(dòng)詞-ing作定語：
(1)表示被修飾名詞的用途：
There are two reading rooms in our school library.
a reading room其含義是A room is used for reading.
The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.
the swimming pool其含義是The pool is used for swimming.
(2)如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾的名詞發(fā)出的一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某種特征行為，這時(shí)被修飾的名詞與動(dòng)詞-ing邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用doing, 被動(dòng)關(guān)系用done, 或being done表達(dá)，另外有時(shí)間要求：
第一種情況：主動(dòng)關(guān)系，-ing形式與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行，或經(jīng)常發(fā)生，用doing，如：
Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.
Look at the girl who is dancing. ….
China is a developing country.
China is a country that is developing.
注意：①如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，一般不用having done作定語，而用定語從句表達(dá)，如：
The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (誤)
The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)
注意：②如果表達(dá)的是未來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或含有情態(tài)概念，用不定式表達(dá)，如：
I have a meeting to attend today.
鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.
Mary is the proper worker to do the job.
鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.
第二種情況：被動(dòng)關(guān)系：動(dòng)詞-ing表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，正在進(jìn)行，用being done; 發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，完成了的動(dòng)作用done；發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，未來的動(dòng)作，用to be done. 如：
The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.
The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.
6. 動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語：經(jīng)常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,
observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞-ing作補(bǔ)語，其中賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，如果主謂關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，又表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，用doing; 如果主謂關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，又表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，用being done，如：
I noticed them repairing the car.
鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.
I noticed the car being repaired.
鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.
如果賓語和賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又表示動(dòng)作的全過程，即完成或一般時(shí)態(tài)，賓補(bǔ)用不定式to do表達(dá)(在某些動(dòng)詞后面不定式不帶to)；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又表示動(dòng)作的全過程，即完成時(shí)態(tài)用done表達(dá)，如：
I often notice them repair the car.
I noticed the car repaired.
如果把上述句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成主語補(bǔ)足語了。
7. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，要求其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，句子的主語與動(dòng)詞-ing形式邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。如果主謂關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；-ing動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生用一般式doing, 如果-ing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式having done, 如：
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
相當(dāng)于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相當(dāng)于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.
如果主謂關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；-ing動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用done；如果-ing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，已完成的動(dòng)作，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式having been done, 如：
Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
相當(dāng)于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
相當(dāng)于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
注意：-ing形式做狀語時(shí)，如果-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語，人稱代詞用主格，名詞用普通格，如：
Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.
過去分詞由動(dòng)詞+ ed構(gòu)成，起到形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作狀語、表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。過去分詞的性質(zhì)是被動(dòng)，完成，但有時(shí)側(cè)重程度，有時(shí)側(cè)重被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞變成的過去分詞無被動(dòng)的意義，過去分詞形式由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，及部分不規(guī)則的詞如：done, played.
①側(cè)重程度：
boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落葉
boiled water 涼開水 frozen chicken冷凍雞
②側(cè)重主、被動(dòng)：
a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.
1. 過去分詞的作用：
(1)過去分詞作狀語：同動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，過去分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語，如是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或無一定時(shí)間對(duì)比，用過去分詞，如：
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相當(dāng)于The lake is seen)
相當(dāng)于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.
Heated, water can turn into vapor.
相當(dāng)于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.
(2)過去分詞作表語：
We are interested in science.
(3)過去分詞作定語：過去分詞作定語，有時(shí)間要求，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，即完成的動(dòng)作，用done，而不用having been done.
The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.
People invited to the party are most scientists.
(4)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：
I noticed the car repaired.
2. 過去分詞與動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別：
(1)作表語和定語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示事物對(duì)人造成的影響，事物是主動(dòng)的，常譯成令人……，使人……；過去分詞表示人對(duì)事物的看法產(chǎn)生的心理反應(yīng)，人是被動(dòng)的，常譯作：感到……如：
The news is surprising.
We are surprised at the news.
這類詞很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,
moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….
(2)作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：賓語與賓補(bǔ)邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞-ing或不定式表達(dá)，被動(dòng)用being done或done表達(dá)。
We found him standing outside the door.
He found the door locked.
(3)作狀語的區(qū)別：用作狀語的動(dòng)詞，與句子的主語邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系、主動(dòng)用-ing形式，被動(dòng)用過去分詞。
The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.
相當(dāng)于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.
The boy entered the room, following his father.
相當(dāng)于The boy entered the room and followed his father.
(4)-ing形式與ed分詞都可以作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步、程度，如：
Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (時(shí)間)
After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.
Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)
We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.
Born a free man, he was now in chains. (讓步)
Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.
(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (條件)
鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴隨)
鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.
He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (結(jié)果)
鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.
(5)-ing形式與ed分詞的否定式，由not+ -ing構(gòu)成：
Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.
非謂語教案 篇4
I like cooking. ”
He likes cooking.
It' s not easy for me to learn English.
Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
以上英語句子中____________________等具有動(dòng)詞特征，但是在句子中不能作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式，就叫動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，也叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。
非謂語動(dòng)詞是不隨 _______________變化而變化的，它們不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，所以又叫“非限定動(dòng)詞”。
動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種：
（2）分詞：studying (現(xiàn)在分詞)、studied (過去分詞)
動(dòng)詞非謂語形式有以下幾種形式變化（以write為例）：
動(dòng)名詞可以起 ______詞的作用，在句子中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。
動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定詞。
Fishing in this lake is forbidden.
Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps.
My job is teaching.
注意：
在______________; ______________; __________ ; _______________ ; _________________ ;___________________ 等習(xí)慣表達(dá)中，
It為__________，而將做主語的動(dòng)名詞短語放在后面。例如：
It’s no use /good ringing her up now.
Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?
It’s wise trying again.
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.
It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.
（二）動(dòng)名詞短語作___________________。
He avoided giving me a definite answer.
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
常用的能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：
承認(rèn)__________，感激__________，避免__________，建議___________，不禁__________，慶祝__________，考慮__________，完成___________，延期__________，忍耐___________，喜歡__________，結(jié)束___________，想象__________，保持___________，在意__________，錯(cuò)過___________，允許__________，練習(xí)___________，冒險(xiǎn)__________，明白___________。
例如：
（三）動(dòng)名詞短語作___________。如：
The children are fond of listening to pop music.
Are you interested in going to the show?
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.
Excuse me for interrupting you.
Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. 做
_____________________。
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me.
I can hardly imagine Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
Linda’s coming will do you good.
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.
（五）動(dòng)名詞的完成式和被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
（1）完成式表示__________________________________。例如：
I apologize for having broken my promise.
I don’t remember having talked with him before.
I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
（2）當(dāng)___________________________________，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：
I could no longer stand being treated like that.
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K.
He doesn’t like being laughed at.
（六）某些動(dòng)詞可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義有差別。
（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜愛，厭惡的動(dòng)詞后面，
She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you.
He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him.
I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight.
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.
The reporter would /should like to see you again.
We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.
（2） forget to do sth. ___________________
forget doing sth.___________________
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off.
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off.
（3）remember to do sth. _________________
remember doing sth. _________________
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
You must remember to leave tomorrow。
（4）stop to do sth. __________________
stop doing sth. __________________
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path.
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating,
（5） regret to do sth. _____________________
regret doing sth. ____________________
I regret saying that.
I regret to tell you the following truth.
（6）try to do sth. __________________
try doing sth. _________________
You must try to do it again.
Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
（7） mean to do sth. __________________
mean doing sth. __________________
If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait.
I mean to help you, and nothing else. 。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.
Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.
（8） go on to do sth. _____________________
go on doing sth. _____________________
After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.
I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.
現(xiàn)在做一些練習(xí)：
1．根據(jù)括號(hào)里的漢語意思用動(dòng)名詞填空：
1) ____________（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise.
2) His work is ________________(修自行車).
3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork ______________(吃肉).
4) We will only succeed by ____________________(努力工作）.
5) Tom hates __________________(早晨9點(diǎn)以后起床).
6) I could' t help ________________(遲到).
7) _____________________(等著沒用) there won' t be another bus.
2. 用動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞填空：
1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.
2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.
3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.
4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.
5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.
6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.
7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.
8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).
9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.
10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.
11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.
12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.
13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.
14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.
16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.
17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.
18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.
19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.
20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).
21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.
22) I forget ____ (see) you there.
23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.
24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.
分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。
作為非謂語形式，分詞可用作形容詞和副詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語。但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的一般特征，可以有自己的賓語和狀語。分詞和自己的賓語、狀語構(gòu)成分詞短語。
現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)；它的完成式（having + 過去分詞）表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being + 過去分詞)。
過去分詞只有一般式，表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過去分詞（及物動(dòng)詞）本身可以表示被動(dòng)的含義，因而沒有別的被動(dòng)形式。
1．作定語。
作定語的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞________________。
如果被修飾的詞是something，anything，everything，nothing等，則分詞放在這些詞________________。
分詞短語通常放在被修飾的名詞_________________。
This is an interesting book。
China is a developing country.
There is something interesting in the news。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。
1. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅們修建的).
2. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan ________________ (她制定的).
4. Lessons _____________ (易學(xué)的)are soon forgotten.
** ______________ (易學(xué)的) lessons are soon forgotten.
2、作狀語。分詞和分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時(shí)間和原因的分詞短語相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。
When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。
= seeing the teacher entering the room, they stood up.
When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
__________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.
After he had heard the news, he jumped with joy.
_________________________, he jumped with joy.
The metal expands when it is heated.
___________，the Metal expands.
When he was asked why he did not do it, he began to cry.
________________________________, he began to cry.
As I was excited，I couldn’t go to sleep
_____________，I couldn’t go to sleep。
Because he was a student，he was interested in sports.
______________________，he was interested in sports.
Because they were inspired (激勵(lì)) by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder
_______________，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.
The children went away。They laughed as they went.
The children went away laughing.
The professor stood there and he was surrounded by many students
The professor stood there，_______________________________
He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.
He sat on the sofa, _____________________
If you work hard, you will succeed.
________________, you will succeed.
If you use your head, you will find a way.
________________, you will find a way.
If water is heated to a certain temperature, it turns into steam.
_________________________________, water turns into steam.
1. I saw him running along the street.
2. I felt an ant climbing over my leg.
3. Suddenly I noticed her standing outside.
4. I smell something burning.
5. I hear a girl singing in the hall.
1. I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park.
2. Sorry, I kept you waiting a long time.
3. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
(I) 用在_______________ 之后作賓補(bǔ)。
1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard.
2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.
3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
(II) 用在 ______________ 之后作賓補(bǔ)。
1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called.
(III) 用在 ______________之后作賓補(bǔ)。
1. He did not want such question discussed.
2. I would like my living room painted light blue.
4、作表語。
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
He is interested in the book.
The result is surprising.
I am surprised at what he said.
現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，意為______________，
exciting, moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, interesting, relaxing, shocking, surprising, terrifying, tiring etc.
過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為_________________，
excited, moved, amused, astonished, frightened, interested, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, tired etc.
（1）被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)___________，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)________________
（2）_________________可以接by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，___________則不行。
The glass is broken.
The glass is broken by Tom.
The bookstore is closed at six.
The bookstore is closed now.
注意：
（1）分詞作狀語時(shí)，_____________ 和 ______________ 一致：
__________at the top of the mountain，I saw lots of people there.
__________from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
__________again, I found the book interesting.
__________again, the book was found interesting.
（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等動(dòng)詞后，
用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語，通常表示_______________________。
如果用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，則通常表示____________________。
We sat two hours and watched the teacher __________ the experiment.
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher________ the experiment.
（3）在“have+賓語+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，
He had the fire ___________ (burn) day and night。
Father had me ___________(swim) the whole summer vacation。
Mary had her dress __________(wash).
Tom had his legs ____________ (break)
I had my watch __________(steal) yesterday。
My mother had me ___________ (wash) my dress.
The teacher had me ______________ (clean) the classroom.
上面已經(jīng)談到，過去分詞可以表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”等意義，因此沒有時(shí)態(tài)和
語態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。
1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過去分詞)表示____________________________。
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being +過去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過去分詞)。
The bridge being built will be completed next month.
Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.
exercises:
1、用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列句子:
1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.
2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.
3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.
4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.
5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.
6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.
7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.
8) I watched them. They were dancing.
9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door
10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.
11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.
12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.
13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.
14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.
15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.
16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.
17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.
18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.
19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.
20) What is the book? It is being translated.
21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.
22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.
23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.
24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.
25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.
2、 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤(注意分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子的主語是否一致)。
Example:
Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.
-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
______________ I shall have quiet day at home.
2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.
3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.
4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
非謂語教案 篇5
高考英語二輪語法專講精品教案 ? 第10講非謂語動(dòng)詞 來源：中學(xué)學(xué)科網(wǎng) ? 非謂語動(dòng)詞：包括不定式to do，動(dòng)名詞doing，過去分詞done及現(xiàn)在分詞doing. 動(dòng)詞不定式： 1.作主語或表語。 1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb) ? （不定式作主語，常用it作形式主語。） 2) The only way to reach the edge of the forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us. A. was to take? B. was to taking C. will take? D. was taken （不定式作表語，常用來說明主語內(nèi)容。） 2.某些動(dòng)詞后須跟不定式to do作賓語： e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire, long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;…? 3.某些動(dòng)詞后須用不定式作賓補(bǔ)v.+n.+to do e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驅(qū)使), enable, encourage, expect, wish, force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think,? want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on… 4.動(dòng)詞let, have, make, notice, watch, observe, feel, hear, see, 后用動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ). 如改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，省掉的to要還原。 e.g. I heard Mary sing last night. Mary was heard to sing last night.? 5.某些結(jié)構(gòu)后面要用省to的不定式(即動(dòng)詞原形)： ?would/had rather,? would you please, ?had better,? rather than(而不是)?? 6.不定式作定語時(shí)，與其修飾的名詞有主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 e.g. 1) I haven’t decided which hotel ______. A.? to stay? B. to be stayed at C. to stay at? D. for staying? 2) The old scientist has been invited to a party _____ next Monday evening. A.? holding B. held C. to be held D. being held? 3) Little Betty found __________. A.? with no one to play? B. no one to play with C. no one to be played with? D. no one to play 4) a. Mr Smith is the very doctor ______. ? b. Mr Smith is the very doctor for you __. A. to be sent for? B. to send for C. sending for? D. to be sent 7.疑問詞+不定式 to do：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞從句，常用來作主語，表語，賓語或狀語。 e.g. He doesn’t know____ to stay or not. A. if B. either? C. whether? D. if he will? Last summer I took a course on _____. A.? how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D.? how are dresses made? 不定式的省略： ---Did your brother go to the party? ---No, but he _______. A. planned it? B. planned to C. planned so D. planned? 形容詞easy, difficult, hard, fit后的動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 e.g. I found the German Language hard _____.A. to be learned B. to learn? C. learned D. learning ? 動(dòng)名詞doing 1.作主語：動(dòng)名詞表一種抽象的和泛指的概念，而不定式表一次性的，具體的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Swimming is a good exercise. To swim across that river is possible some day when I grow up.? 用在It is no use (good, a waste of time, not an easy task )…和there be no (no use)…結(jié)構(gòu)中。 e.g. It is no good _____ the stable door when ?the horse is stolen. A. closing? B. to shut? C. locking D. to lock There is no use ______ him at this hour. A.? to call? B. called? C. to ring? D. calling? 2.作賓語：某些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, fancy(愛好), suggest, excuse(原諒), finish, mind, miss, practise, allow，risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, advise,? give up…? 3.有些動(dòng)詞后即可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，但意義不一樣： e.g. remember, forget, regret? +to do 動(dòng)作未發(fā)生 + doing動(dòng)作已發(fā)生 e.g. I remember to post the letter. I remember posting the letter. try to do 盡力做 try doing嘗試做 stop to do stop doing mean to do打算做 mean doing意味著做? 4.sth. need, require, want + doing某事需要被 e.g. The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. This place is worth traveling hundreds of miles to see.? 5.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：（動(dòng)名詞帶上自己的邏輯主語） e.g. His/ John’s coming made us happy. （作主語） Do you mind my /me/Mary’s/Mary going to your party? （作賓語）? 6.動(dòng)名詞完成式與被動(dòng)形式： e.g. He didn’t mention having met me. ? I apologize for not having kept my promise. Being killed by sharks was a common thing here. ? 分詞 過去分詞常表完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞常表正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 ●現(xiàn)在分詞 一、現(xiàn)在分詞的'基本特征:表主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的，表特征 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法 ①現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特征或和連系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 The book is interesting. The present situation is more encouraging than ever before. The girl is watering the trees. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語一般可以譯成“使、令…的” ②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾的名詞的特征，或修飾名詞所做的動(dòng)作。 單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語必須前置；現(xiàn)在分詞短語則后置。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，都可以變成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的定語從句。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語所修飾的名詞有主謂關(guān)系。 ? He is a promising young man. 他是個(gè)大有前途的年輕人。 I have a friend living in London. (=I have a friend who lives in London.) ③現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，多用來表示伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、方式等。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語它的邏輯主語是主句的主語。 如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，并且已經(jīng)完成，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。 They stood by the road, reading books. Having stepped into the cave, Crusoe lit a fire. ④現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)作是賓語發(fā)出的，主動(dòng)的，多用于使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞之后。 We saw a light burning in the window. I cant get the clock going again. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，否定式，被動(dòng)形式： e.g. a.Having worked among the workers for many years, he knew them very well. b. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. c. Can you see the building being built? d. Having been put into prison, he felt hopeless. ? ●過去分詞 一、過去分詞的基本特征 表被動(dòng)的、完成的、表狀態(tài) 二、過去分詞的用法 ①過去分詞作表語，和連系動(dòng)詞一起表示主語的狀態(tài)或表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)（動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是及物動(dòng)詞）。 The glass is broken. She is quite pleased. The glass was broken by Li Hua. ②過去分詞作定語多表示被動(dòng)意義和完成意義。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。 其前置和特征與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。過去分詞作定語所修飾的名詞有被動(dòng)關(guān)系或系表關(guān)系。 He is a man loved by all. I hate to read letters written in pencil. ? ③過去分詞作狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一樣，可以表示伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、方式等。 過去分詞作狀語必須注意它表示的動(dòng)作是該句主語發(fā)不出來的或表示主語的狀態(tài)， 但其邏輯上的主語應(yīng)是主句的主語。 When (water is ) heated, water changes into steam. ④過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，多表示賓語的狀態(tài)或被動(dòng)意義。動(dòng)作是賓語發(fā)不來的。 多用于使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意義的動(dòng)詞后面。 特別注意“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。 I have to have my hair cut. ? You should make yourself understood by all. ? 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般必須與句子主語一致。 如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語。常表伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況。 e.g. a. He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. b. Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. c. So many teachers being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. d. His work finished, he prepared to return to his home. e. There are 180 competitors to take part in this game, the youngest being a boy of 10.
非謂語教案 篇6
問題：
1. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？
2. 動(dòng)詞不定式有幾種時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化?
3. 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞做主語有什么區(qū)別？
4. 介詞后可以用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語嗎？
5. 哪些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省略to?
6. 動(dòng)詞不定式可以做哪些狀語呢？
7. 哪些情況下常用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語？
8. 做插入語的動(dòng)詞不定式常見的有哪些？
1. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.
2. It (the volcano) continued to erupt for the next three days.
3. How amazing it is to see the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago!
4. People started to dig in the area for treasure.
5. It’s hard to imagine how this quiet volcano destroyed the whole city.
6. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum.
7. I was too tired to eat anything we were given.
8. Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD500.
9. I am so excited to be here!
10. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her face.
11. Polly heard it (the stick) hit the step.
12. Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.
13. Would you like to come in and rest for a while?
14. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.
15. The shark bumps you to find out if you are fit to be eaten.
1. I hope ____________ (see) you next week.
2. The car needs _________________ (repair) before we go on a trip to Europe.
3. I am sorry ______________ (give) you so much trouble.
4. Don’t pretend ______________ (work) hard. Just do what you should.
5. She is said ___________________ (write) the novel about New York for years.
6. The room seems _________________ (tidy) up already.
7. The meeting is ______________ (hold) tomorrow.
8. I am happy ___________________ (work) with you for so many years.
9. _____________ (read) aloud is good for your English learning.
10. It’s impossible _______________ (finish) all the homework within two hours.
11. Seeing is _____________ (believe).
12. It’s a waste of time _____________ (argue) with him.
13. It’s no use __________ (discuss) with him since he has made up his mind.
14. It’s important and necessary ________ (master) a foreign language and computer skills.
15. It is my duty __________ (help) you with you English studies.
16. It takes only 2 hours _________ (arrive) in shanghai by bullet train.
17. 我對(duì)該干什么感興趣，而對(duì)如何做并不感興趣。
I’m interested in _________________________________.
18. 他怎么也不去上學(xué)。He does everything _______________________________.
19. 我沒辦法只好放棄這次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。I had no choice ___________this chance to go abroad.
20. 我沒有辦法只好依靠自己。 I have got nothing to do ______________________.
21. 醫(yī)生勸我多休息。 The doctor advised me __________________________．
22. 我讓他們參加我們的討論。I got them _____________________ in the discussion．
23. 他們?cè)诘刃ｉL(zhǎng)來。They are waiting for the headmaster ______________________.
24. 大家都認(rèn)為Jack是個(gè)勤奮的孩子。
Everyone thought Jack _________________________________．
25. 我們相信它是真的。We believe it ____________________________.
26. 我看見那位女士鎖上了門。 I saw the lady ___________________________．
27. 我們沒讓任何人進(jìn)來。 We didn’t let anyone ____________________________．
28. His parents died, _____________ (leave) him an orphan.
29. He rushed to the post office only ___________ (find) it was closed.
30. The man __________________(speak) at the meeting now is from America.
31. Do you know the professor _____________(speak) at the meeting tomorrow?
32. He is the professor ______________(invite) to dinner last month.
Exercise 2:
1. to see 2. to be repaired/repairing 3. to have given 4. to be working 5. to have been writing 6. to have been tidied 7. to be held 8. to have been working 9. Reading 10. to finish 11. believing 12. arguing 13. discussing 14. to master 15. to help 16. to arrive 17. what to do but not how to do it 18. but go to school 19. but to give up 20. but depend on myself 21. to have some rest. 22. to join us 23. to come 24. to be hardworking 25. to be true 26. lock the door 27. come in 28. leaving 29. to find 30. speaking 31. to speak 32. invited
非謂語教案 篇7
1. I think you’ll grow him when you know him better.
A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking
2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
3. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
4. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
5. There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
6. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title __ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
7. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
8. When last valuable, those books enjoyed great success.
A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found
9. How pleased the detective was what his customer told him!
A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing
10. - I’ll thank you my affairs alone. - I will. It is none of my business.
A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left
11. - Is Bob still performing?
- I’m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
12. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
13. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
14. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to __ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
15. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
17. AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
18. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
19. There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen
20. - What should I do with this passage? - ________ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
21. in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.
A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising
22. - I regret you John has been fired. - I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker.
A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told
23. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered at the party, but not _______.
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
24. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
25. The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
26. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
27. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain.
A. made B. having made C. making D. to make
28. The result was not made until last Sunday.
A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known
29. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket .
A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing
30. I really can’t understand her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
31. While watching television, .
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rang
32. When _________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
33. Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, ___________.
A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
34. A remote-controlled bomb explored outside a hotel yesterday, at least 12 people.
A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured
35. in the USA, Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
A. Being the fourth biggest city B. Once the fourth biggest city
C. It was once the forth biggest city D. The forth biggest city it was
36. a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
37. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
38. The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
39. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast -- _ David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched
40. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
- Yes. more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
41. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
42. If the project by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.
A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed
43. - We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.
- That’s great! blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
44. How many of us , say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
45. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
46. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
47. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting B. having at C. to sit D. sat
48. into use in April , the hotline has meant for residents reporting water and heating sup ply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
49. more about university courses, call ( 920 ) 746 - 3789.
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
50. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
51. I don’t want like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
52. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
53. and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure
54. The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
55. All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to receive
56. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
57. He hurried to the station only that the train had left.
A. to have found B. finding C. found D. to find
58. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
59. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
60. Don’t respond to any e – mails __ __ personal information, no matter how official they look.
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
61. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16 -year- old boy, saying that he was not the one .
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
62. It remains whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
63. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
64. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _ .
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
65. He hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
66. There was a terrible noise the sudden bursts of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
67. football on the playground, the boys felt very happy.
A. Leaving playing B. Left to play C. Left playing D. To leave playing
68. Rather than for help from someone else, how ever difficult the task is, I prefer completing it by my self.
A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. to have asked
69. Which do you enjoy your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
70. - My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.
- Now that he wasn’t well prepared, he might as well .
A. not try B. not to have tried C. not have tried D. not to try
71. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before .
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting
72. I must apologize for ahead of time.
A. 1etting you not to know B. not letting you know
C. 1etting you know not D. 1etting you not know
73. To read aloud the English text before breakfast seemed to me a rule .
A. to never break B. never to be breaking
C. never to have broken D. never to be broken
I. 介詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式只限于作介詞except和but的賓語，此時(shí)except / but意為“除了，除去”。
cannot help(choose) but + 動(dòng)詞原形：……不能不……； do nothing but + 動(dòng)詞原形：只做……
There is nothing to do but + 動(dòng)詞原形：……只有做……；have no choice but to do：只有做……
The last bus having gone，I could do nothing but go home on foot．(省略 to)
I cannot choose lint tell him the truth．(省略to) / She could do nothing but leave．(省略拋)
I have no choice but to cry．(不能省略to)
II. 不定式作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果作定語的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是其動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后須有相應(yīng)的。介詞。但名詞way除外。如：He is not a man to tell lies．(主謂關(guān)系)
The boy has a nice pen to write with． / We found a way to solve this problem(in)．
通常使用不定式作定語的情況有：(1)不定式表示將來；(2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no， all，any等限定詞的中心詞。(3)用來修飾一些抽象名詞，常見的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read．(表將來) / She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the Olympic Games．(有序數(shù)詞修飾) / I have no chance to escape．(修飾抽象名詞) / Do you have the ability to read French?(修飾抽象名詞)
III. 不定式作狀語時(shí)可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。表示目的時(shí)可用in order to，so as to換用。如：
He sat down to have a rest．(表目的) / He woke up to find everybody gone．(表結(jié)果)
I’m very pleased to hear from him．(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、樂)
He Was too excited to say a word．(表程度) / He is old enough to go to school．(表程度)
◆過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語的區(qū)別：
這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間上的區(qū)別。過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前或是沒有一定的時(shí)間性；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作。如：
The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero．(將要修建的)
The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero．(正在修建的)
The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero．(已經(jīng)修建了的)"
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(在謂語之前)
He is a teacher loved and respected by all students．(沒有時(shí)間性) Listen! The song sung is very popular with the young men．(表正在) / The question to be discussed … is very important．(表將來)
在英語中，表示“感覺狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式作表語和定語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人感到……”，指主語或被修飾的詞給人的感覺；過去分詞表示“感到……”，指主語或被修飾的詞本身的感覺。如：interesting令人感興趣的；interested感到有興趣的
◆過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：
i. 感官動(dòng)詞(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役動(dòng)詞(have，let， make)后的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成，不定式表示主動(dòng)和完成。注意：make不能接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。如：I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now．(表示主動(dòng)，完成)
I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night．(表示正在進(jìn)行)
I heard the Chinese song sung many times．(表示被動(dòng))
The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shout rest．(不能用make)
注意：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示完成和狀態(tài)。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone．(表示狀態(tài))
I Was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot．(表示完成)
ii. 動(dòng)詞leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表達(dá)的具體含義是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。如：It is wrong for you to leave the machine running．(主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被動(dòng)，完成)
My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work．(主動(dòng)，將來)
My workmate left．1eaving all the rest work to be done．(被動(dòng)，將來)
◆過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：
i. 一般來說，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man．
Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown．
ii. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)一般式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。如： Being helped by the teacher，she will learn English well．
Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.
iii. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式表示先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)表示未來的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.
Used in this way, the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb.
Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.
◆垂懸分詞作狀語：垂懸分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞一種特殊用法，其邏輯主語是句子非主語部分中指人或物的某一名詞或代詞，或泛指“我們”。如：Searching along the street，it had taken him a long time to find a clinic．(searching的邏輯主語是句中him所指的人)
Walking or sleeping，this subject is always in my mind．(walking or sleeping的邏輯主語是句中my所指的“我”)
Using the electric energy，it is necessary to change its form．(using的邏輯主語泛指“我們”)
i. 感官動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)可以是doing，do，done，being done的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中being done只用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞后面，如 find，smell，feel等。
ii. have somebody do something讓某人做某事 / have somebody doing something讓某人一直做某事 / won’t have somebody do something不許某人做某事 / have something done使某事被做 / have something doing讓……一直做……
iii. catch，smell，keep，set等只能接doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行。
iv. leave somebody doing something讓某人一直做某事
leave something to be done事情有待于解決
leave somebody to do something讓某人做某事，表示將來
v. with somebody to do something賓補(bǔ)與賓語是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來。
with somebody doing something賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行。
with something to do賓補(bǔ)與賓語間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找得到。
with something to be done賓補(bǔ)與賓語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來，但動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找不到。
with something done賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示完成。