高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件(匯編7篇)

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    關(guān)于教案與課件的重要性,每位教師都應(yīng)該重視。教案課件不僅涉及教學(xué)步驟的安排,還涉及到教學(xué)的課程標準,因此每位教師都應(yīng)該精心設(shè)計自己的教案課件。為了讓教案課件達到理想效果,需要具備一定的科學(xué)性和可操作性。那么,如何撰寫出令自己滿意的教案課件呢?這里推薦大家閱讀一篇關(guān)于“高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件”的文章,相信它將給你帶來更深入的認識,其中必定包含對你有幫助的內(nèi)容!
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇1】
    高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)教案――基礎(chǔ)寫作 ?? 教學(xué)重點:如何審題;如何進行信息整合;上下文的承接。 ? 教學(xué)難點:寫作思路及方法的培養(yǎng) ? 教學(xué)方法:講練結(jié)合,精講多練,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體會與模仿。 ? 教學(xué)目標:學(xué)生進一步熟悉基礎(chǔ)寫作的特征和基本要求,培養(yǎng)正確的寫作思路及方法,掌握常用的寫作模式和句型。消除對寫作的恐懼心理,培養(yǎng)寫作興趣。? ? 一、基礎(chǔ)寫作題的特點 高考設(shè)置基礎(chǔ)寫作題的目的是要檢測考生最基礎(chǔ)的書面語言表達能力,如用詞的合理性、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜度、語法運用的正確性、信息內(nèi)容的完整性、句子之間的連貫性等。因此,基礎(chǔ)寫作題與往年的書面表達依然會有很多相似點,但也會出現(xiàn)一些新的特點。 ? 1.寫作題材貼近考生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。歷年來高考作文題的題材都非常貼近考生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活,如校園活動、校外見聞、交友、旅游、以及與考生有關(guān)的話題討論等??梢灶A(yù)料明年高考寫作題的題材還會在這些范圍內(nèi),并為所有考生所熟悉。 2.寫作的題材主要是故事性描述和應(yīng)用文。歷年的基礎(chǔ)寫作題的題材也會與往年書面表達相似,主要有故事性描寫和應(yīng)用文寫作兩大類。命題形式可能是看圖寫故事、看圖表說明、根據(jù)表格信息完成一封短信或一份通知這類的應(yīng)用文等。 3.內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)的方式具有半封閉性。作文試題逐步走向開放將是大勢所趨。但是,基礎(chǔ)寫作題還只能是半封閉的,其特點是寫作的內(nèi)容是被規(guī)定了的,考生必須將文章所規(guī)定的信息點完整、全面地表達出來,但對于語言表達的方式、信息組織的先后秩序、需要補充哪些必要的信息等,考試又有一定的自主構(gòu)思空間。 4.用5句話表達。這是基礎(chǔ)寫作題與往年書面表達題最顯著的不同點。往年是規(guī)定字數(shù)(100詞左右),句子的數(shù)量不作規(guī)定,所以很多考生為了不犯句法錯誤總是使用一些簡單句。而歷年的基礎(chǔ)寫作只能用5句話來表達題目所給的全部信息點,但所給的信息點與往年的書面表達相比并不會減少,所以,用5個簡單句很難完成任務(wù),必須使用復(fù)合句或并列句來綜合多個信息點,而且還要照顧句子之間的銜接和語意上的連貫。從只一點來說,基礎(chǔ)寫作題對考試運用語言能力的要求大大提高了。 ? ? 二、基礎(chǔ)寫作題提出的新要求? 1.信息組織能力。信息組織能力包括信息歸類、信息排列和信息表達三個環(huán)節(jié)。對于題目所提供的各種信息點,考生首先需要依照一定的標準將信息進行歸類,并初步計劃將哪些信息放到同一個句子中;其次是將信息進行合理的排列,排列必須依照一定的標準,如時間順序、空間順序、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系等;第三是選擇表達的秩序,確定句子之間的先后順序,這既要考慮語句上能否銜接,還要考慮語意上的連貫。在組織信息的過程中,還要對某些信息進行必要的增刪,使文章意思連貫、語言暢談、邏輯嚴密。 2.運用復(fù)雜句子的能力。在整理和歸類信息點之后,就需要正確地使用比較復(fù)雜的句子,綜合的表達信息。復(fù)雜句子主要有三類: 第一類是復(fù)合句或含有非謂語動詞、介詞短語的復(fù)雜句。復(fù)合句主要有三類:含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句,含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句,含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。 第二類是并列句或帶有并列成分的復(fù)雜句。連接并列句或并列成分的并列連詞主要有四類:表示意義引申的并列連詞,如and,both… and,not only…but also,and… as well,not… nor,neither… nor等;表示選擇的并列連詞,如or,whether… or,either… or等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊牟⒘羞B詞,如but,while,whereas,only等;表示因果關(guān)系的for。此外,therefore,besides,however,nevertheless,moreover,furthermore,what’s more,in addition,on the contrary,after all等連接性狀語也可以在句子之間起連接作用,表示分句之間的并列關(guān)系。 第三類是一些特殊句型,如使用強調(diào)句、倒裝句、含有with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句子、there be開頭的句子、以形式主語it 開頭的句子等。 正確使用各種句型,不僅能夠完成題目所要求的任務(wù),還能使文章的句式變得豐富、行文更加流暢、中心和主旨更加突出。 ? ? 三、基礎(chǔ)寫作題的備考策略 在基礎(chǔ)寫作的備考過程中,一方面要重視養(yǎng)成一些良好的寫作習(xí)慣,如認真審題、巧妙構(gòu)思、常寫草稿、工整書寫、仔細核對等好習(xí)慣,另一方面在組織信息和訓(xùn)練復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面要多下工夫。下面以“廣東省普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試廣東省英語科考試說明”中的樣題為例,探討如何備考基礎(chǔ)寫作題。 第一節(jié):基礎(chǔ)寫作(共1小題,滿分15分) 假設(shè)你最近參加了由某電視臺舉辦的中考生英語演講比賽并獲獎,該臺準備組織獲獎?wù)呷ケ本﹨⒓右淮斡⒄Z夏令營活動,下表是這次活動的時間安排和活動內(nèi)容。 活動時間 7月15日 ― 22日或8月15日― 22日 活動內(nèi)容 參加英語角? 學(xué)唱英語歌曲? 聽英語講座? 表演英語短劇 看英語電影? 教外賓學(xué)中文 ? 【寫作內(nèi)容】 ? 電視臺就活動時間和活動內(nèi)容征求你的意見。請按照以下要求用英語以書信形式給予答復(fù)。 1.選擇適合你的時間并說明理由; 2.解釋你只能參加其中的兩項活動(聽英語講座和教外賓學(xué)中文),雖然你認為所以的活動都很有意義; 3.說明你選擇的理由:聽英語講座了解英美文化的信息;教外賓學(xué)中文因為北京奧運會讓越來越多的外賓想了解中國。 【寫作要求】 1.必須使用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容 2.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。 Dear Sir or Madame, I’m glad to be invited to the English summer camp. ……. Thank you very much. ? Yours truly, Li Ping ? 【評分標準】 ? 語 ? ? ? 言 7 ― 8 具有很好的語言運用能力;語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確性高,詞匯方面使用較好,只有少許錯誤。 5 ― 6 具有較好的語言運用能力;語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確性較好,有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤,但不影響理解。 3 ― 4 語言運用能力一般;語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)基本準確,語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤不影響理解。 1 ― 2 語言運用能力較差;語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)基本不正確,語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤較多,而且影響了對句子意義的理解。 0 語言運用能力很差;語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯錯誤很多,句子意義無法理解。 備注 每多寫或少寫一個句子,扣1分。 內(nèi) ? ? 容 5 包括了所有信息內(nèi)容 4 包括了大部分信息內(nèi)容 3 包括了基本信息內(nèi)容 2 包括了小部分信息內(nèi)容 1 包括了少許信息內(nèi)容 0 沒有包括所提供的信息內(nèi)容 連 ? 貫 2 內(nèi)容連貫,而且結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 1.5 內(nèi)容連貫性比較好,而且結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊 1 內(nèi)容連貫性教差,而且結(jié)構(gòu)不夠緊湊 0 內(nèi)容缺乏連貫性,而且結(jié)構(gòu)松散 備注 文不對題,給0分 ? 由此我們可以看出,信息點的數(shù)量與往年的書面表達題相比并沒有減少,要想用5個句子把所有的信息都表達出來,考生必須從以下三個方面進行備考: ? 1.養(yǎng)成重視審題的習(xí)慣。雖然基礎(chǔ)寫作題是半封閉性的,但審題仍然十分重要?,F(xiàn)以樣題為例,談?wù)勅绾螌忣}: ? 思考的問題 樣題分析 要寫的文章主題是什么? Topic 參加夏令營 為什么要寫這篇文章? Purpose 電視臺邀請參加夏令營,寫信回復(fù)。 要寫文章的信息點有哪些?information items 選擇的時間,參加活動的內(nèi)容,解釋什么 怎樣安排信息點的'邏輯順序? order 說明要參加的活動并解釋原因→說明要參加的時間并解釋原因。 動作是什么時候發(fā)生的(時態(tài))?when 夏令營還沒有開始,文章主要用一般將來時 ? ? 2.提高組織信息的能力。組織信息的過程包括信息分類、信息排列、和信息表達三個環(huán)節(jié)。這些步驟看起來好像很繁瑣,但對于中下成績的考生來說,一步一步地思考這些問題是很有必要的。現(xiàn)以樣題為例,說明該怎樣組織信息。 ? 信 息 分 類 時間信息:兩個時間段 內(nèi)容信息:6項活動 選擇信息:其中的兩個活動及其理由 信 息 安 排 夏令營的內(nèi)容信息點安排:可以將自己要參加的兩項活動放在前面,其它信息點可以略寫。 作者的選擇信息排列:依照自己所參加的活動順序逐項表述,緊接著給出選擇的理由。 信 息 表 達 結(jié)合已經(jīng)給出的頭和尾,寫作的順序安排如下:很高興被邀請(已給出)― 感謝安排這么多的活動 ― 說明活動的意義 ― 表達自己只能參加兩項活動的遺憾和原因 ― 說明參加的活動內(nèi)容及原因(兩項活動用一句話)― 說明自己選擇的時間及原因 ? ? 3.夯實基礎(chǔ),掌握基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法。對于大多數(shù)考生來說,用詞不準和句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤是寫作失分的“罪魁禍首”。夯實基礎(chǔ)、掌握基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法是基礎(chǔ)寫作備考的主要任務(wù),完成這項任務(wù)可以分步驟進行: ? 教學(xué)內(nèi)容與過程: Step one: Greetings and dictation Step two: 講練結(jié)合,并就學(xué)生作文較常出現(xiàn)的錯誤進行點評,講評過程注意把握好學(xué)生作文中的常見的非智力因素方面的失分。 Step three: 就學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)的常見錯誤進行適當?shù)狞c評。 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m glad to be invited to the English summer camp. ① Thank you very much for arranging so many activities, such as English corner, English lectures, English films, English songs, English plays and helping foreigners learn Chinese. ② I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students. ③ But it is a pity that I can only take part in two of them, because I will have to spend some time in doing my research project. ④ I would like to listen to the lectures, by which I will learn some about western culture, and help
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇2】
    一、請根據(jù)下面的提示和要求寫一篇說理文。
    提示:
    (1) 英語是世界上使用最廣泛的語言之一。講英語的人近三億。
    (2) 英語是國際會議中使用得最多的工作語言。世界上有百分之六十的電臺和百分之七
    十的郵件(mail)用英語。數(shù)以百萬計的書籍和雜志是用英語寫的。
    (3) 借助英語可以更快、更好地學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)和技術(shù)。學(xué)好英語,我們可以更好地為祖國服務(wù)。
    Why Do We Study English?
    English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people: in England, the United States, Australia, Canada and many other countries. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more used than the others. It is said that 60 percent of the world's radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the world's mail are in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too. English is really a bridge to knowledge. With the help of English we can learn modern science and technology faster and better form the developed countries. In this way we can serve our country better.
    二、請根據(jù)下面的提示和要求寫一篇文。
    提示:
    (1) 不少學(xué)生可能抽煙,學(xué)生中抽煙的人數(shù)還在增多。
    (2) 一份調(diào)查報告透露,某校有五分之二以上的學(xué)生抽煙,有些學(xué)生甚至偷了錢買煙。
    (3) 對中學(xué)生來說,抽煙的危害比成年人更大。抽煙不僅有害于身體,還有害于思想。
    (4) 中學(xué)生是國家未來的建設(shè)者。抽煙的學(xué)生該下決心戒煙了。
    請根據(jù)上面的提示,寫一篇題為“Give Up Smoking”的短文,字數(shù)約120個。
    Smoking is a widespread habit even among school children. The number of young smokers is increasing.
    It is reported that over two-fifths of the students in a certain school smoke, and some of them even steal money to buy cigarettes, This is terrible.
    As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. But it's even more harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not only to their health but also to their mind.
    Middle school students are future builders of the country. They should spend their time learning what is useful. So it's really time that these young smokers made up their minds to give up smoking.
    三、
    假設(shè)你是李紅,你的一位美國筆友Robert寫E-mail問及你高考后暑假的`安排,請根據(jù)以下要點,寫一封100詞左右的email回復(fù)他, 可以適當增加細節(jié)。1. 學(xué)開車 2. 參加英語培訓(xùn)課程 3. 去北京看奧運會 4. 游覽北京的名勝
    注意:1.根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容寫一篇短文,不要逐句翻譯,可適當增加細節(jié)以使行文連貫。
    2.要準確使用語法和詞匯;使用一定的句型、詞匯,清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思;3. 詞數(shù):100個左右。開頭已給出,不計詞數(shù)。
    (One possible version)Dear Robert:
    How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory. What about youAs you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However,I
    intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school graduate in China. I will have a good rest, enjoying my hobbies. Then I will take some English courses to improve my English communication ability, With the Olympics beginning, I will be a participant of it, watching the basketball match between
    China and the US. I have been dreaming of Kobe’s performance long. After that,
    I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my horizon. ?That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK Best wishes!
    這是一篇提綱式的議論文寫作素材,探討國計民生的社會熱點話題:糧食價格上漲。寫作時要注意避免逐句翻譯,并適當增加細節(jié)以使行文連貫。
    Hello, everyone,
    Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World Food
    Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social uest in some areas. But who is responsible for the current world food crisisFirst, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation.
    Then what should we do to deal with the problemOn one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the
    other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. Of course, to
    build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.As for me, I will call on the people around me to live thriftily. And for the
    moment, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇3】
    1.now that; due to; because of; owing to; since; as
    now that作“既然”講時,相當于since。now that中的that 可省去。如:Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢復(fù)了健康,就能夠旅行了。
    due to作 “起因于、歸功于”時,常作表語或跟在名詞后,如:
    His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失敗源于他缺少經(jīng)驗。
    Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大葉造成的錯誤可能帶來嚴重后果。
    The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.該隊的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
    because of“由于、因為”,在句中作狀語或表語。如:
    Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而受到人們的贊賞。
    His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失禮行為而生氣。
    owing to“由于、因為”,常在現(xiàn)代英語中與because of, due to換用。如:
    Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天氣不好,我不能把它進行下去。
    此組動詞意為“聯(lián)合、連接”。
    combine意為“結(jié)合、聯(lián)合”,指為了某一目的而把兩事物結(jié)合在一起。如:
    We must combine theory with practice.我們必須把理論和實踐聯(lián)系起來。
    He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物學(xué)和化學(xué)聯(lián)系起來了。
    connect“連接”,指用東西把兩事物連接在一起,或兩事物直接相連,二者仍保持原狀。
    The two cities are connected by a railway. 兩座城市由鐵路相連。
    He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤氣和接在煤氣爐上。
    join意為“連接”,指以線、繩、橋等把兩物或兩地連接在一起,和connect意思相近,也可指兩物互相緊密相接。如:
    We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我們最好建一座鋼筋橋把這個島與大陸連接起來。
    Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?這條河和長江在哪里會合?
    unite意為“聯(lián)合”,指兩種以上的事物結(jié)合為一體,有合二為一的意味,強調(diào)結(jié)合后的統(tǒng)一性。
    The two companies will unite into one.這兩家公司將合并成一家。
    The whole family united to help him.全家齊心協(xié)力幫助他。
    repair指將受損、故障、用舊之物修理好,如用于修補機械方面的東西多用repair。如:
    Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.請他給我修一下手表/電視機。
    The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car. 修車行修理這輛車收了四十美元。
    repair還可作“彌補、補償”講。如:
    How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎樣才能彌補我造成的損失?
    I’d like to repair our differences .我想我們應(yīng)該重歸于好。
    mend指將打破、撕碎或用壞之物修補完整,“縫補衣服”多用mend。如:
    His clothes need mending.他的衣服該補了。
    She mended the broken jar with cement. 她用水泥把破碎的缸補好了。
    mend 還可意為“改正、糾正、治愈、使恢復(fù)健康”等。如:
    The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改過自新。
    It is never too late to mend.亡羊補牢,猶未為晚。
    兩者均是形容詞,意思是“值得……的”,用法如下:
    (1)worthy可以作定語,worth不能。例如:
    (2)worth后面直接跟名詞(多為表示錢或代價的名詞),其作用相當于介詞;worthy后面接名詞時須與of連用(一般不接表示錢的名詞)。例如:This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.這本舊書值100美元。
    His deed is worthy of praise.他的事跡值得贊揚。
    (3)worth后面可直接跟動名詞的主動結(jié)構(gòu);worthy后接動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu),且須與of連用,worthy后也可接不定式的被動式。例如:
    This book is worth reading./ This b
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇4】
    dip into here and there in a word once again look out for above all refer to shut up key to in other words take turns look over one’s shoulder remind sb. of offer(n.) fix a date for on one’s way to show sb. around have a gift for offer…to lead to so long as hear sb.’s advice value(v.) call in after all eat up report sb. to sb. work out
    Will you come to…?
    Yes, I’d love to…
    Would you like to…?
    Yes, that’s very kind/nice of you.
    I’d like to invite you to…
    I’d love to, but…
    I apologize… Never mind.
    Please excuse me… It’s not important.
    I ought to… Don’t worry.
    What a shame! Forget it !
    She swallowed the medicine with the help of some water.
    她用水把藥送下去了。
    He just swallows his food; he is always in a hurry.
    他吃飯狼吞虎咽,總是這么匆忙。
    I haven’t read that book properly. I’ve only dipped into it.
    我沒有好好讀那本書,僅隨便翻閱一下。
    I’ve only dipped into politics.
    我對政治研究不深。
    In a word, I don’t trust him.
    總這,我不信任他。
    Tom is brave, careful and calm. In a word, he is admirable.
    湯姆既勇敢、細心又鎮(zhèn)靜??傊?,他很令人羨慕。
    無被動結(jié)構(gòu),也不用進行時態(tài)。下列單詞和詞組也無被動形式:appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
    The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。
    The book belongs to my deskmate.
    這本書是我同位的。
    5.be likely to 易于……;有可能的.
    后跟動詞不定式,往往用在一時的情形。
    I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
    如果今晚不穿大衣出去,我會感冒的。
    Is that magazine likely to interest you?
    那本雜志對你有吸引力嗎?
    6.get a general idea of 對……了解大意(大概情況)
    Read the chapter quickly to get a general idea.
    快速閱讀這一章,了解大意。
    I have a general idea of that town.
    e across=meet with(meet…by chance/accident)無意中碰到,找到,想到
    Perhaps I shall come across him somewhere in the park.
    也許我會在公園的某個地方遇到他。
    He came suddenly across an idea.
    他突然有了一個好主意。
    In other words, they failed to pass the exam.
    換句話說,他們考試沒有及格。
    He became, in other words, a great hero.
    也就是說,他成了一位大英雄。
    9.take turns = take in turns輪流(做某事)
    The two boys took turns at digging the hole.
    這兩個男孩輪流來挖坑。
    The three men took turns to drive so one would not be too tired.
    這三個人輪流開車,因此,就不會有人過于疲勞了。
    You’d better talk things through. I will listen with complete attention.
    你最好把話講完。我會專心聽的。
    If I had enough time, I would have talked things through.
    如果有足夠的時間,我會把話說完的。
    11.on one’s way to…正在到……,動身往……,在往……的路上
    He was on his way to school when suddenly a policeman stopped him.
    他正在上學(xué)的路上就在這時一個警察截住了他。
    They telephoned to say that they were on the way, but they might be late.
    他們打電話說他們正在路上,但他們可能來晚。
    I called on a friend of mine on my way back.
    我在回來的路上拜訪了我的一個朋友。
    You mustn’t forget to call in at Brown’s on the way home.
    你千萬別忘了在回家的路上到布朗先生家拜訪。
    拓展:by the way順便說;in the way擋道;in a way 某種意義上;lose one’s way迷路;by way of 途經(jīng),經(jīng)由;work one’s way 通過苦干……;no way決不;make one’s way 前進;all the way to…一路至……
    He told a lively story about his life in Africa.
    他講述了一個有關(guān)他的非洲生活的一個生動故事。
    Young children are usually lively.
    friendly 友好的;lovely可愛的;orderly井然有序的;comradely同志般的;motherly母親般的;daily每天的;weekly每周的;monthly每月的;yearly每年的;lonely寂寞的,偏僻的;deadly致命的;likely可能的。
    對比:alive(1)活著的:可以作表語,這時可與living互換;作定語時,只能作后置定語。
    He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.
    他被送往醫(yī)院時還活著。
    Although he is old, he is still very much alive.
    雖然年老了,但他仍十分活躍。
    live(1)(動、植物)活著的,作前置定語;如:a live fish一條活魚
    Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.
    她爺爺已經(jīng)93歲了,仍然健在。
    He made a lot of money by playing music.
    他演奏音樂掙了很多錢。
    It is very easy to make money in that city.
    在那個城市掙錢很容易。
    零錢,找頭:change 偽鈔:counterfeit money, bogus money
    (2)由money構(gòu)成的短語:
    lose money 虧本;for love or money無論如何;
    put money into… 投資于;put money on… 在……上打賭;
    spend money like water揮金如土;earn good money賺大錢
    (3)由money構(gòu)成的諺語:
    Money makes the mare go.有錢能使鬼推磨。
    Money talks.金錢萬能。
    Time in money.一寸光陰一寸金。
    14.lead to(prep.)+n./v-ing引起,造成,導(dǎo)致
    Too much work or too little rest often leads to illness.
    過度工作或很少休息經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致疾病。
    Difference of opinion led to a heated argument.
    意見分歧導(dǎo)致了激烈的爭論。
    15.so song as/as long as 只要……
    You will succeed so long as you work hard.
    只要你努力就會成功。
    It is a good idea to start a part-time job.
    做一項兼職的工作是個好主意。
    16.in time及時(=not later than),終究(=sooner or later)
    I hope you will arrive in time for the meeting .
    我希望你及時到會。
    Work hard and you will succeed in time.
    努力工作那么最終你將成功。
    17.affect(=have an effect on sth.)vt.影響(effect n.影響)
    This may affect your health.
    這或許會影響你的健康。
    My throat is always affected by bad weather.
    我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響。
    18.be ready to do sth.(=be willing to do sth.)樂意做某事
    Tom is always ready to help others.
    湯姆總是樂于助人。
    If I’ve made any mistake, I’m ready to apologize.
    如果我有錯誤,我愿意道歉。
    19.play a trick on sb.= play with sb.捉弄某人,耍弄計謀
    He is always playing tricks on others.
    他總愛捉弄別人。
    Don’t play tricks on me. I want to know the truth.
    別耍我,我想知道真相。
    Have you used up you money?
    你的錢用完了嗎?
    常用短語:eat up吃光;tear up撕掉;use up用光;lock up鎖?。籦urn up燒光;get up起床;up and down上上下下,來來往往。
    -How long at this job?
    -Since 1990.
    A. were you employed B. have you been employed
    C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
    分析:B。since指從過去某時開始到現(xiàn)在一直進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
    By the end of last year, another new gymnasium in Beijing.
    A. would be completed B. was being completed
    C. has been completed D. had been completed
    分析:D?!癰y the end of last year”到去年年底,是過去的過去,故用過去完成時。
    Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up
    I could answer the phone.
    A. as B. since C. until D. before
    題4 -How are the team playing?
    -They’re playing well, but one of them hurt.
    分析:A。got hurt受傷,get 后接過去分詞表示被動。受傷的事發(fā)生在過去,需用一般過去時。
    -I’m sorry I’m calling you so late.
    - okay.
    A. This is B. You’re C. That’s D. I’m
    分析:C。此題考查道歉與應(yīng)答,That’s okay.這晨相當于That’s all right.(沒關(guān)系)。
    -What happened to the priceless works of art?
    - .
    A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
    B. The earthquake was destroying them
    C. They destroyed in the earthquake
    D. The earthquake destroyed them
    分析:A。問句的重點在那些珍貴藝術(shù)品的遭遇,所以回答的重點應(yīng)放在它們所處的情況上,適合用被動態(tài)。
    After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for an hour, thinking of her thinking of her young and happy days.
    A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as
    分析:A。指時間“長達”應(yīng)用as long as 表達。
    I was really anxious about you. You home without a word.
    A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
    C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
    分析:B。shouldn’t have done表示本不該做某事,而實際上做了。
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇5】
    SeniorⅢ Unit4 Green World Integrating Skills
    一、 教學(xué)思路:
    1 . 高考閱讀理解的特點是所選材料題材多樣化,記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等特色鮮明,內(nèi)容涉及科普、社會、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟、歷史等各個方面,文章閱讀量大。主要考查考生綜合運用所學(xué)知識獲取信息、整理信息、理解信息以及處理信息的能力。測試的主要要求是:
    ①.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意,以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)。
    ②. 既能理解具體的事實,也能理解抽象的概念。
    ③.既能理解字面的意思,也能理解深層的含義,包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。
    ④.既能理解某句,某段的含義,也能理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系,并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。
    ⑤.既能根據(jù)所提供的信息去理解,也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識去理解。
    根據(jù)這五項要求,我們可將閱讀理解題歸納為以下幾種題型:細節(jié)理解題,詞句理解題,主題、主旨題,猜測詞義題,推理判斷題。
    2. 高考的要求就是我們平時課堂教學(xué)訓(xùn)練的方向。高中英語課文內(nèi)容包羅萬象、題材廣泛、體裁各樣、語言知識豐富。除了要讓學(xué)生掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識外,我們更可以利用課文的教學(xué),精心設(shè)計問題,按照高考的要求有針對性地對學(xué)生進行問題解答訓(xùn)練,提高學(xué)生的閱讀速度,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。
    二、教材分析:
    本課是第四單元綜合技能部分的課文,介紹了達爾文和其他科學(xué)家關(guān)于物種的研究和他們的成果。內(nèi)容涉及到遺傳學(xué)和基因?qū)W的知識,文章有一定難度。是本單元主題綠色世界的一個延伸,又為本單元緊接的寫作訓(xùn)練作鋪墊。
    三、 教學(xué)法分析:
    1、 問題教學(xué)法。精心設(shè)計問題,以問題為主線,在提出問題和解決問題過程中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀理解能力。設(shè)疑與提問是英語教學(xué)課堂調(diào)控的常規(guī)武器。它是促進師生之間信息交流反饋,推動教學(xué)流程迅速向前拓展的重要契機。
    2、 “自上而下的模式”。 這是哥德曼(Goodman)提出的閱讀理論模式。按這個模式,閱讀者在閱讀過程中不是逐字、逐句地去理解,而是結(jié)合自己的預(yù)測,在文章中找出有關(guān)的信息,來驗證自己的預(yù)測。由于強調(diào)整體篇章理解,在閱讀時采取跳躍式搜索、猜測等方法,所以有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速閱讀理解能力。
    四、 學(xué)生分析:
    兩個班學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)有限,學(xué)習(xí)英語有興趣但沒功底。成績差距較大。尤其對文章缺乏整體感知能力,對深層次問題無從下手,信息的獲取和分析能力都較弱。
    五、 教學(xué)目標及重難點:
    由于本課教學(xué)以發(fā)展學(xué)生解決問題能力為主,不設(shè)知識目標與情感目標。能力目標亦即重難點:
    1、 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速獲取信息解決表層次問題的能力;
    2、 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生深層思考,培養(yǎng)信息重組、推理分析判斷能力。
    七、 教學(xué)步驟:
    1. Lead in: Show two pictures on the blackboard:
    2. What are differences between them? Why?
    Maybe we can find the answer to this question in our text.
    2. Fast reading: Open the book, read through the text. Find out:
    How many scientist are mentioned in the text?
    S:There are three. They are:
    Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Gote Turesson
    T:So how many parts can we divide the text? (劃分段落,整體感知)
    T: Could you find the main idea of each paragraph?
    學(xué)生做完這個步驟后,我總結(jié)并用幻燈打出:
    Part I (Pa1-3): Darwin and his research.
    Part II (Pa4-5): Mendel and his experiment.
    Part III (Pa6): Turesson and his study
    Part IV (Pa7): the importance and significance of the research of the three
    3. Careful reading: (1) Show a slide of a table, ask the student to read the passage again, fill in the following:
    Scientists Research/experiment Result
    (用圖表的形式處理文章信息,既避免問題提出的形式重復(fù),又方便學(xué)生整體快速把握文章的重點段落)
    (2) (完成以上整體表層次訓(xùn)練后,通過幻燈片打出以下問題,再細部理解文章)
    Finish the following exercises:
    1. What led to his writing of the famous book On the Origin of species?
    A. The study of physics, chemistry, and botany.
    B. What he had observed on the voyage.
    C. His expedition on the Beagle to the Galapagos.
    2. Why did the wildlife of the Galapagos Isles deserve special attention?
    3. What does “these” in “of these” in Para 2 mean?
    4. “those” in Para 2 Line 4 refers to ________
    A. the different islands B. the life forms C. differences D. the species
    5. What was the purpose of Mendel’s experiments?
    A. His purpose was based on his love nature.
    B. His purpose was to support the ideas concerning the influence of
    environment upon plants.
    C. His purpose was based on the influence of environment upon plants.
    6. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that______
    A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
    B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
    C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
    D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
    7.What was Darwin’s new theory according to the text?
    (以上問題有深有淺,既有符合高考的細節(jié)理解題(如第1題),詞句理解題(如第3、4題),推理判斷題(如第7題),設(shè)計時更因答案的不唯一性(如第1題BC均正確),增加了題目的靈活性和難度。在解答過程中特別強調(diào):
    第1題:選項在文章中都有出現(xiàn),但未必就是答案。題目不難,容易上當。
    第3題:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文準確把握詞句意義,這道題目難度不大,但出奇的是學(xué)生正確率并不高。
    第4題:這與第3道題是一樣的,但難度較大。這兩道題的題型在高考中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
    第7題:這道題很難??疾閷W(xué)生對文章事實的延伸理解,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生根據(jù)文章事實作出推理判斷的能力。是一道深層次理解推理判斷題。)
    (3) Answer the last question:
    What do you think is the relationship between the title “Wildlife and Garden
    Roses” and the text?
    (這個問題非常難!也是整節(jié)課的精華部分,解決分析這個問題我花了十多分鐘時間。問標題和文章的關(guān)系并不新鮮,關(guān)鍵是這個標題用得非常好,借此我分析了高考中常考的一類題目:給文章找標題。完成這個問題既是對整篇文章的概括理解,又是對高考??碱}型解題技巧的一次傳授。)
    Wildlife shows the influence of environment while Garden of Roses shows the
    science of genetics.
    八、 Homework:
    1. Read the text.
    2. Learn the language points by yourselves
    Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Gote Turesson
    the influence if the environment the science of genetics
    1、 高中英語課文應(yīng)該怎么教?又要教什么?這一直讓我思考。我想很多英語老師對課文當中的語言知識是絕對不會漏的,但是不是通過課文的教學(xué)培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技巧和閱讀能力了呢?也許因為時間,也許因為方法,可能落實不太好。尤其在高三,課文沒有出現(xiàn)新的語法點,怎樣通過課文的教學(xué)達到這一目的,以利學(xué)生高考,更值得我們思考。
    2、提問是一門藝術(shù),也是一種教學(xué)方法。蘇聯(lián)教育界倡導(dǎo)的一種教學(xué)方法就叫問題教學(xué)法,已成為有世界影響的教學(xué)方法之一。問題是思維的向?qū)В线m的課堂提問,往往能把學(xué)生帶入一個奇妙的問題世界,使學(xué)生積極思考問題,尋求解決問題的途徑和答案,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析問題和解決問題的能力。布魯斯喬伊斯說過:“教會學(xué)生獨立思考,我們就給了他們自我教育的能力。” 課文教學(xué)未必要設(shè)很多的問題,但要典型;其次問題分析要透徹,分析一個問題就要教會學(xué)生一種技巧或是讓學(xué)生有一次能力的鍛煉。問題設(shè)計是否巧妙,問題分析是否精當,就是判斷這種課好壞的依據(jù)。
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇6】
    單項選擇題是考查學(xué)生對句子的層次,對語法規(guī)則、詞匯等掌握的情況,通過設(shè)定語境,詞語或某些成分的位置變化等將考查知識與能力結(jié)合起來,突出語言的交際性、靈活性,實現(xiàn)知識與能力相結(jié)合的目標。有些題看起來似乎很難,很復(fù)雜,但只要學(xué)會掌握正確的分析問題的方法,那么,一切難題都是可以解答的。下面就一些題型的解題思路與技巧作一些歸納。
    例.1. There are two small rooms in the house, ______is served as a kitchen .
    A. the smaller of them B. the smaller of which
    C. the smaller one D. the small one
    2. ______ is well known, _____ Taiwan is part of China .
    A. It; that B. It; which C. As; / D. As; that
    例. --- Is Mrs White in the office ?
    --- Yes, _____ she is on duty, she must be there today .
    A. since B. until C. if D. while
    例. I went to Beijing last week; ______ I met an old friend of mine .
    A. there B. which C. where D. that
    例. _____ some of this juice--- perhaps you’ll like it .
    A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
    例. ______ several times, but he still does not know how to do it properly .
    C. Having been shown D. I have shown him
    例. 1. _____, we all went out for a picnic .
    A. Being a fine day B. As being a fine day
    C. It was a fine day D. It being a fine day
    例. ____ can anyone be sure ______ look like in a million years ?
    A. What; man will B. What; will man
    C. That; man will D. That; will man
    例. 1. Yu Gong talked of the difficulty he _____ the mountains in front of his house .
    2. In my opinion, it is the best use _____ could be ______ this money .
    C. which; made from D. that; made of
    例. It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Drof. Havries ____ they did the experiment .
    例. She looks forward every night to _____ American to study .
    例. ____ we had been looking forward to .
    A. After Kate stands the new teacher
    B. Before Rose the new teacher stood
    例. It was said ____ was ____ the Chinese raised silkworms .
    A. that that; what B. what that; how
    C. that that; how D. that what; that
    1.判斷動作的執(zhí)行者:
    例.1. --- Do you have any letters _____ , sir ?
    --- Thank you . I have had them _____ .
    A. typed; typed B. typing; typing
    C. to type; type D. to be typed; typed
    2.--- Do you have many exercises ______ tonight, Tom ?
    --- Yes . Our teachers give us lots of exercises every day .
    2. 從問答中找信息:
    例. 1.--- Didn’t you pass the exam ?
    --- _____, or I couldn’t _____ by my parents .
    A. No, I did; be scolded B. No, I didn’t; have been scolded
    C. Yes, I do; have scolded D. Yes, I did; have been scolded
    2.--- Can I have _____ orange, Mum ?
    --- Oh. Your sister has had it .
    A. another B. an C. one more D. the other
    3. 從謂語動詞的時態(tài)來判斷:
    例. 1. The students feel happy that the building _____ is for the teachers, though there is much noise .
    2. He must ____ a shower, for I can hear the water ______ .
    C. have; running D. be having; running
    3. The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so .
    C. has gone down D. was going down
    4. 從句中的時間狀語來判斷:
    例. 1. The house _____ are for the teachers and construction work will begin soon .
    A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
    2. The teachers have moved into the new houses ______ last term .
    A. built B. to be built C. being built D. having been built
    3. The houses ______ now near the school are for our teachers .
    A. are being built B. being built
    根據(jù)某些語法規(guī)則及對話體, 句中的某些成分是可以省略的。而出題的人往往采用省略。
    例. 1. People shake hands and say “ How do you do ?” when ______ to each other .
    A. being introduced B. introducing
    2. When _____ some questions about the accident, the manager of the coal mine kept silent .
    A. ask B. being asked C. asked D. asking
    例. If _____, the material will give ______ an unpleasant smell .
    例. 1. An apple is _____, if not better than , an orange .
    2. Of course they were later than ______; but _____ they were in time to start the game .
    A. expected; at all B. expecting; in all
    C. we expected; after all D. expected; after all
    例. This is the first film ______ I have seen in my life .
    A. which B. where C. what D. /
    例--Mum, why do you always ask me to drink a glass of milk every day?
    -----------______enough protein and nutrition as you______
    A . Get, grow up B. Getting, grow up
    C. To get, are growing up D. To be getting, are growing up
    例1.-----What do you think makes Jane so sad?
    --------______ the news that her father died yesterday.
    A. Because she heard B. She heard C. Hearing D . Heard
    2.We should do all ____ we can ______ the poor children in the western area
    A. what .help B. that , to help C. what, to help D. that, help
    例.With lots of trees and flowers _____ here and there, our school looks very beautiful.
    A. having planted B. planted C. having been planted D. to be planted
    例.______ the yard ,I found it_____ with lots of ______ leaves.
    A. Entering, covering, falling B. Entering, covered, fallen
    C. Entering , covering ,fallen D. Having entered, covered, falling
    例.___________,it wasn’t a dad holiday.
    A. Considering everything B. Considered everything
    C . Considering anything D. Considered anything
    弄清楚句中的動詞是及物還是不及物動詞是決定主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵,是選非謂語動詞形式的關(guān)鍵。
    例.Without the teacher_______ us, none of us tried our best in the running
    A. times B. timing C. timed D. time
    例.1. The old scientist often has his light ______ all night long
    A. burn B. burned C. burning D. to be burned__
    2.The boy lay on the ground, with his eyes_______ straight upward, and his teeth_________
    A. looking, setting B. looked ,set C. looking, set D. looked, setting
    例.1.Never_______ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research
    A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. to be lost
    2. _______ in thought , Einstein knocked into the tree
    A. Lost B. To lose C. Losing D. To be lost
    例. _______ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded
    A. Offered B. Having offered C. Being supplied D. Having supplied
    例.The Yellow river, ______ “the mother river”, runs across like a huge dragon
    A. calling B. called C. being called D. to be called
    與省略相反,編者按語法規(guī)則增加一些成分或變換句子的語序等使原來的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,使之復(fù)雜化
    例.Is this hotel_____ you said we could stay in your letter?
    A. the one B. which C. where D. that
    2. Who has the manager_______ the machine?
    A. repaired B. have repaired C. had repaired d. to repair
    例.It was with great courage________ the boy told the truth_______
    A. which, that B. when, that C. as, that D. that, that
    例.The scientist has developed a new kind of plant, _____ of great value to farming.
    A. which he thinks is B. which he thinks it is
    C. which he thinks it D. he thinks which is
    例.The young man, who was caught______ the lady’s purse in the shop, was taken to the police station.
    A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stole
    例.1. They are talking about the difficulty the kind old man_______ a hope school for the children.
    A. has set up B. has to set up C. setting up D. has setting up
    2. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ____ the book____ on the table and disappeared.
    A. left, lain upon B. leaving, lying upon C. leaving, lie upon D. left, lay opened
    例.Salesmen are so smart that customers can’t help_____ to buy something they don’t really need.
    A. to be persuaded B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded
    例.The old scientist is considered______ the mobile phone.
    A. inventing B. to invent C. to have invented D. having invented
    例.1. She left a child,______ home as an old woman.
    A. and returned B. returning C. to return D. returned
    2. It was a matter of _____ would take the position
    A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
    高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件【篇7】
    考研是一個極具選拔性和自學(xué)性的考試,復(fù)習(xí)考研也是個長期漫長的過程,鑒于此,在總結(jié)不同梯度考生基礎(chǔ)階段學(xué)習(xí)情況的基礎(chǔ)上,為廣大考生具體規(guī)劃考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段的復(fù)習(xí),以便為以后考研的成功打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
    現(xiàn)在正值春季,正是考研英語基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)階段,具體每日的復(fù)習(xí)時間,需要根據(jù)自身情況而定。不管同學(xué)們基礎(chǔ)好還是差,都必須保證每天花在英語復(fù)習(xí)上的時間為兩小時以上。由于英語復(fù)習(xí)具備連貫性,所以定下計劃持之以恒很重要。
    具體到每一天來講,早上晨讀時間的40分鐘當然屬于英語,而另外,上午從10點30左右可以開始正式的英語復(fù)習(xí),堅持一個半小時。在春季基礎(chǔ)階段,只要的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容應(yīng)安排為詞匯和語法,堅持每天兩篇閱讀,每日如此推進,日日不斷。在每天進行新內(nèi)容的同時,在第二天可以用一點時間(半小時內(nèi))翻閱一下昨天復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù),然后再進行當天的復(fù)習(xí)計劃。
    很多學(xué)生將考研失利的原因歸結(jié)為詞匯量不夠,因此耗費了大量時間和精力機械地背誦英文詞匯。其實,考研和國外的IELTS、TOEFL考試相比,最大的區(qū)別就在于,考研有明確的考綱,有規(guī)定的詞匯考查范圍??佳杏⒄Z復(fù)習(xí)過程中,考生完全不需要毫無目的地記憶大量詞匯,只需要將大綱規(guī)定的考研詞匯研究透徹即可。
    英語基礎(chǔ)階段以記憶詞匯為主。在記單詞的過程中可以采用以下五種記憶方法:形象記憶法、聯(lián)想記憶法、例句記憶法、循環(huán)記憶法和同素記憶法。這五種方法中,聯(lián)想記憶法和循環(huán)記憶法這兩種方法比較好,具體的方法運用在我們的課程上有詳細講解。
    語法是很多同學(xué)的弱項環(huán)節(jié)。語法弱意味著不能根據(jù)有序單詞表達出的意思做出正確的反映,會造成信息鏈的斷裂,而只有當你分清了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)之后,才能將閱讀、作文等內(nèi)容和題意理解得更加明白。在考卷的閱讀部分有四大難點:單詞、長句子、非謂語、介詞。這四點,其實有三點都涉及到了語法。因此加強語法的掌握力度可以有效拉高英語得分。
    現(xiàn)在考研英語對閱讀的考查越來越多,這也要求我們進一步的提高閱讀能力。雖然考研的閱讀理解有一定的規(guī)律可循,但是這些規(guī)律也在逐年的淡化。這幾年反技巧的出題趨勢越來越明顯,考試越來越重視考生的真正閱讀分析能力。所以,的考研考生們一定要提前打好基礎(chǔ),每天除了背單詞、鞏固語法知識外,還要閱讀一定量的英語報刊。據(jù)了解,考研的閱讀理解很多都是摘自國外的一些著名的報紙,如比如《發(fā)現(xiàn)》、《商業(yè)周刊》、《探索》、《經(jīng)濟學(xué)家》、《新聞周刊》等專業(yè)型極高的刊評等等。如果能找來的話,這些都是很好的閱讀材料。而且還要刻意訓(xùn)練自己快速閱讀的能力??佳杏⒄Z的閱讀量越來越大,里面不但有很多考查全文的主旨題,還有很多的細節(jié)題和作者態(tài)度題,這些內(nèi)容的提煉都要我們在平時的閱讀中漸漸地培養(yǎng)。
    英語并不可怕,可怕的是同學(xué)們沒有持之以恒的毅力,希望大家從現(xiàn)在開始認真?zhèn)淇?,預(yù)祝大家在明年春天有一份喜悅的收獲!