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英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇1】
從語(yǔ)用角度分析香港粵語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)混用現(xiàn)象論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告
從語(yǔ)用角度分析香港粵語(yǔ)和混用現(xiàn)象
本科生畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告表
論文名稱中文從語(yǔ)用角度分析香港粵語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)混用現(xiàn)象英文Analysis of the Mixing Phenomenon of Hongkong Cantonese and English from the Perspective of Pragmatics學(xué)生姓名歐煥儀英語(yǔ)專業(yè)年級(jí)2010級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師鄒明潔職稱單位畢業(yè)論文寫作時(shí)間2014年 2月 日至 2014 年 5 月 日一、The meaning of topic and related literature reviewThe positive effect of mixing use of Hongkong Cantonese and English. Cantonese is one of the most energetic languages in the world and there are nearly 120 million people speaking Cantonese. Apart from Mandrian, Cantonese is the languagein the Chinese language that have perfec writing system and successful development as functional language. It can be divided into Hongkong Cantonese and Cantonese of Guang style. However, with unique charm, Hongkong Cantonese plays an important role in the development of Cantonese. There was a long British colonial history of more than 150 years before the return of Hongkon, which have made great impact on Hongkong, no mattter at the aspect of economic, politics or culture. This has emerged into people's daily life and people are customed to the mixing use of Hongkon Cantonese and English. Under this kind of special circumstance, English, as a strongly inclusive language, was classifed as the offical language in Hongkong. On the contrast, Cantonese can be regarded as a kind of weak language which is still necessary for the communication. During the daily communication, these two languages have intimate contact with each other, leading the frequently unconscious insertion of English into the dialogue which is very common nowadays. That is exactly the most obvious difference between Honkong Cantonese and Guang Cantonese.Purposed of research The ultimate goal of code-switching is to accomplish the conversation. This is thesis aims at analysing the mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English from the perspective of pragmatic. We collect linguistic data from Hongkong song and movie etc. Honkong citzens usually create new Hongkong English vocabulary through transliteration and free translation.二、Main research problem, short-term target and difficultes you may encounterMain research problem：1. The reson and necessity of this mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English2. The negative effect of confusing language use by mixing phenomenon3. Discussion of the difference and similarities on vocabulary and grammar of Hong Kong Cantonese and English4. Realization of the practicablity of this mixing phenomenon from the perspective of pragmatic5. Prediction of development direction of mixing use of Hong Kong Cantonese and EnglishShort-term Target:1. Basic knowledge of relevant pragmatic principle and theory2. The difference and similarities of Hong Kong Cantonese and English3. Sample analysis of mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and EnglishDifficult：1. One-sided analysis of Hong Kong Cantonese and English2. Can not complete the analyse the principle and phenomenon3. Not sure about the development direction of Hongkong Cantonese and English三、Theoretical frame and Method of ResearchTheoretical frame:1. The comparsion between vocabulary and grammar2. Cooperative principle of GriceMethod of Research：1. Questionaire survey2. Literature surveyWe systemeticaly study both the realistic and historical condition of mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English by analysing any related data, with intergrated use of scientific method such as conversation survey and questionaire survey. By collecting and sorting out lots of data including Honkong movie and songs and articles, we can easilyget the knowledge about code-switching rule of Hong Kong Cantonese and English.四、Outline and writing scheduleOutline0. Introduction0.1 General ideas on mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English ;0.2 Brief review of their mixing;0.3 Thesis structure.1. Research Review1.1 Previous research on Hongkong language policy1.2 Previous mixing phenomenon research base on pragmatic principle1.3 Previous research on pragmatic theory1.4 Achievements and deficiencies of mixing use of Hongkong Cantonese and English2. Theoretical Framework 2.1 Cooperative Principle 【Proposed by Grice】2.1.1 An Overview of cooperative Principle2.1.2 Relationship within the cooperative Principle2.2 Applicability of cooperative principle in analysing mixing phenomenon3. Case Analysis3.1 The application of cooperative principle in analysing mixing phenomenon3.1.1 Analysis of the difference between Hongkong cantonese and English3.1.2 Duscission of the intergration of these two language3.2 Take example of supporting the good side of mixing ues of HK cantonese and English3.3 Discussion4. Conclusion4.1 conclusion of the practical effect of mixing ues of HK cantonese and English 4.2 assumption of the positive development of these two languageOveral time will be 4 months（Start from February 2014.）Schedule： Draft setting before 13st March, 2014. Thesis revision before 17th April, 2014; Final thesis before 8th May 2014; Thesis defense preparation from 8th to 28th May, 2014.五、The early reference（≥10，including book and article）MU Xiu-rong, The Comparative Study of The Pragmatic Failure between Chinese and English on the Basis of Politeness Principle. School of Foreign Language in Lanzhou Jiaolong University, 2011.Zhao YaoDong,An Analysis of Pragmatic Failure in Interculture Communication.Hong Kong Baptist University. 2012.Liu Shao-zhong, Studies of Negative Pragmatic Transfer in Interlanguage Pragmatics, Foreign Languages College Guangxi Normal University, 2002李婷，從語(yǔ)音相近探英語(yǔ)中粵語(yǔ)譯詞的文化滲透現(xiàn)象，廣西，外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究，2011何源，語(yǔ)碼轉(zhuǎn)換及其交際功能，陜西，《時(shí)代報(bào)告（學(xué)術(shù)版）》2012年1月（上）供稿陳啟霞，香港粵語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)的混用現(xiàn)象及“兩文三語(yǔ)” 的語(yǔ)言政策，云南，臨滄師范高等?？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào)，2011李楚成，香港粵語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)的`語(yǔ)碼轉(zhuǎn)換，香港，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究（外國(guó)語(yǔ)文雙月刊）2003易勇，粵語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)混用對(duì)英語(yǔ)習(xí)得的影響及對(duì)策分析，廣東，重慶三峽學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2013——,新編語(yǔ)用學(xué)概要，上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1999.——,語(yǔ)用學(xué)講稿，南京：南京師范大學(xué)出版社，2003.——, 對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)，許余龍，上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 2001六、指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日七、學(xué)院論文評(píng)審委員會(huì)意見(jiàn)蓋章 年 月 日英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇2】
一、論文題目：
classroom：interaction：and：oral：english：teaching
二、研究現(xiàn)狀：
對(duì)于課堂互動(dòng)與教學(xué)之間的關(guān)系，國(guó)內(nèi)的研究主要集中在：
(1)構(gòu)建主義模式：它是以構(gòu)建主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式，司洪海在《構(gòu)建主義理論與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)》中從對(duì)現(xiàn)有教學(xué)模式的“”入手，探討將構(gòu)建主義引入英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的必要性、可行性及其意義和作用。盧艷春和路雅琴在《構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)》中則分別“從構(gòu)建知識(shí)觀”“構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)觀”“構(gòu)建教學(xué)觀”入手，強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為中心的主動(dòng)性、構(gòu)建性。
(2)角色扮演模式：徐志敏、王瑛在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究》中著重探討了在角色扮演的互動(dòng)教學(xué)中教師的作用，對(duì)指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐具有重要的意義。而黃玉蘭在《角色扮演引入英語(yǔ)專業(yè)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中》從角色扮演是“多為互動(dòng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)模式的應(yīng)用”探討了角色扮演這一的目的、步驟和利弊等方面。
(3)以學(xué)生為中心模式：這一模式被單獨(dú)研究的較少，黃影秋在《以學(xué)生為中心提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)效果的探索中》通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)習(xí)存在的問(wèn)題的分析，提倡“以學(xué)生為中心”，實(shí)現(xiàn)教與學(xué)的“雙邊互動(dòng)”。并提出闡述如何運(yùn)用其他“教學(xué)策略提高口語(yǔ)的教學(xué)效果”，促進(jìn)學(xué)生交際能力的提高。而劉蓉在《談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)》中則提出了互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造“以學(xué)生為中心的口語(yǔ)課堂和整體小組作業(yè)模式”，提高口語(yǔ)交際能力。
(4)合作性學(xué)習(xí)模式：這種模式的研究較為普遍和盛行，它興起于美國(guó)，在后來(lái)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展的一種教學(xué)理論與策略。黃艷在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂的應(yīng)用》中提出了以下幾種合作模式，從而的出該模式的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。顧曉樂(lè)在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演》中從情劇表演的角度來(lái)證明合作性學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。肖巧玲在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)》中則通過(guò)合作學(xué)習(xí)在口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐探究合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的原則。而慕東文在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原則，對(duì)待新的理念，指導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。
(5)情景設(shè)置模式：它主要是根據(jù)gillian：brown：重教師的導(dǎo)向，而輕學(xué)生的主體性和人文精神的培養(yǎng)。其結(jié)果是，不僅忽略了課堂提問(wèn)在閱讀教學(xué)中的促進(jìn)作用，學(xué)生在課堂上囫圇吞棗，死記硬背，簡(jiǎn)單地模仿句型，而且學(xué)生普遍存在對(duì)整篇文章的綜合理解，閱讀速度慢，缺乏分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題的能力以及積極參與閱讀教學(xué)的興趣，閱讀課堂呈現(xiàn)單調(diào)乏味的現(xiàn)象。
這種現(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)阻礙了閱讀教學(xué)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。根據(jù)新課標(biāo)的精神，高中階段英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目的是"初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展聽(tīng)，說(shuō)，讀，寫的基本技能;側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力"且新編的人教版高中英語(yǔ)教科書(shū)以閱讀課為中心，突出了高中階段閱讀教學(xué)的中心地位，體現(xiàn)了"高中階段英語(yǔ)教學(xué)側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力"的原則。
有此可見(jiàn)，英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)作為高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，其目的不僅是要讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，獲取文章提供的信息，領(lǐng)悟文章的內(nèi)涵，更重要的是使學(xué)生掌握閱讀的方法和技能，逐步培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)能力。而課堂提問(wèn)則關(guān)系到英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的質(zhì)量，是閱讀教學(xué)過(guò)程得以順利進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵。課堂體溫，是一種教學(xué)活動(dòng)過(guò)程。通常是教師提出問(wèn)題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，回答教師提出的問(wèn)題，提高分析能力，從而獲得新知識(shí)的方法，是閱讀課堂教學(xué)中使用頻率的一種教學(xué)手段。這也正是順應(yīng)了新課標(biāo)中所倡導(dǎo)的那樣，在閱讀教學(xué)中注重素質(zhì)教育，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極參與教學(xué)活動(dòng)，通過(guò)感知，體驗(yàn)，實(shí)踐，參與和合作探究等活動(dòng)方式，來(lái)完成閱讀教學(xué)的任務(wù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
同時(shí)，通過(guò)課堂提問(wèn)在閱讀教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用，也充分體現(xiàn)了閱讀教學(xué)"以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)思路，突出學(xué)生主體，尊重個(gè)體差異"的基本理念。據(jù)此，為改變傳統(tǒng)閱讀教學(xué)的模式，我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行閱讀課堂教學(xué)時(shí)，在閱讀前教師可以提出一系列問(wèn)題，讓學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題有目的地去閱讀能激發(fā)他們的好奇心和求知欲，提高他們的閱讀能力。sefc教材所提供的文章內(nèi)容廣泛，體裁豐富，其中以敘述和論證體為主，教師應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的文體設(shè)計(jì)不同的問(wèn)題，體現(xiàn)出不同體裁的特點(diǎn)。教師還應(yīng)把課堂作為學(xué)生英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的舞臺(tái)，把課文內(nèi)容作為話題，組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論，議論，評(píng)價(jià)，延伸和借鑒等言語(yǔ)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，從而發(fā)揮學(xué)生在閱讀教學(xué)中的主體作用，培養(yǎng)其積極的思維能力和創(chuàng)造能力。而且，國(guó)外一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家早在20世紀(jì)60年代初就從不同角度探討研究第二語(yǔ)言的閱讀過(guò)程，創(chuàng)立和豐富了外語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)理論。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家盧利亞認(rèn)為:"復(fù)雜的閱讀理解至少有三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)組成區(qū)分單詞的確切意義;把握詞與詞之間的句法關(guān)系以及由詞組成的復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。"他的話指出了閱讀理解過(guò)程中語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的重要性。
1967年goodman借助心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，提出了嶄新的閱讀理論，他認(rèn)為閱讀是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的心理語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)過(guò)程，是作者，語(yǔ)言信息，和讀者三方面共同作用的結(jié)果。隨著心理學(xué)，心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)，應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)和篇章語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)閱讀理論的探討不斷深入。
20世紀(jì)80年代初，carrol等人提出了"現(xiàn)代圖式理論"。它強(qiáng)調(diào)了讀者的文化背景知識(shí)在閱讀理解過(guò)程中所起的作用。目前，在國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的研究，人們有著各自不同的看法。尤其是在閱讀教學(xué)模式方面，則主要存在著兩種不同的意見(jiàn):一種是"自下而上"的模式，認(rèn)為閱讀教學(xué)的基本路子是先教單詞，再講句子，最后擴(kuò)展到全文。另一種是"自上而下"的模式，強(qiáng)調(diào)"reading is a psycholingual guessing game"此外，國(guó)內(nèi)的閱讀教學(xué)理論也認(rèn)為，閱讀過(guò)程是一個(gè)主動(dòng)的，有目的的，有創(chuàng)造性的心理過(guò)程。倡導(dǎo)教師在閱讀教學(xué)中應(yīng)該使學(xué)生始終處于積極主動(dòng)的狀態(tài)，通過(guò)對(duì)整篇文章的整體把握來(lái)獲取文章信息，掌握語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)其閱讀能力。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)閱讀教學(xué)過(guò)程的不斷深入，閱讀教學(xué)在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的重要性將會(huì)變得顯著突出。
如何在閱讀教學(xué)中激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，如何使其能創(chuàng)造性地解決課文話題所引出的與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活密切相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，從而提高學(xué)生的閱讀水平，由應(yīng)試向素質(zhì)教育轉(zhuǎn)變，將成為一個(gè)備受注目的亟待解決的大問(wèn)題。
本課題擬在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法的范疇內(nèi)，通過(guò)探討如何運(yùn)用課堂提問(wèn)技巧，一方面為學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)問(wèn)題更快，更準(zhǔn)確地把握對(duì)文章的綜合理解，更好地獲取文章的內(nèi)在信息起到了積極的促進(jìn)作用，另一方面，由于本課題的內(nèi)容在目前的英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)很少，而本課題的研究將彌補(bǔ)這一方面的不足，也為廣大教師在閱讀教學(xué)中所采用的教學(xué)技巧提供了一項(xiàng)參考。它的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義將會(huì)十分顯著。
2，研究目標(biāo):
針對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的不同，在閱讀課堂教學(xué)的各環(huán)節(jié)中精心設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，為引導(dǎo)學(xué)生能夠積極參與閱讀教學(xué)，使其能夠帶著疑問(wèn)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行閱讀，并向?qū)W生提供盡可能多的直接使用語(yǔ)言的機(jī)會(huì)，讓學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題或就某一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論，幫助學(xué)生在有限的課堂中限度地獲取文章的內(nèi)在信息，提高其閱讀速度，分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力，從而改善閱讀課堂教學(xué)的質(zhì)量。
3，研究的內(nèi)容:
主要探討如何在閱讀課堂教學(xué)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中設(shè)計(jì)課堂提問(wèn)來(lái)吸引學(xué)生的閱讀興趣，盡可能地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，積極參與閱讀教學(xué)，在活躍的課堂教學(xué)環(huán)境中提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力。
本課題研究主要解決以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
(1)，對(duì)閱讀課堂教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，提出通過(guò)精心設(shè)計(jì)課堂提問(wèn)來(lái)改善閱讀教學(xué)的必要性。
(2)，根據(jù)閱讀教學(xué)過(guò)程中的實(shí)際情況，探索和總結(jié)適合于閱讀教學(xué)的課堂提問(wèn)的技巧特征。
(3)，總結(jié)和探索在閱讀課堂教學(xué)中適當(dāng)運(yùn)用課堂提問(wèn)的技巧能否有利于優(yōu)化閱讀課堂教學(xué)的各環(huán)節(jié)。
4，研究的方法和手段:
(1)，方法:調(diào)查法，歸納總結(jié)法，例證法，教學(xué)觀摩法，查閱文獻(xiàn)資料法。
(2)，課題的研究手段主要是以實(shí)際應(yīng)用為主，兼以完善這一理論研究。
5，研究的進(jìn)度安排:統(tǒng)一按照院系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和指導(dǎo)老師的安排，并結(jié)合論文寫作的實(shí)際情況，認(rèn)真完成論文協(xié)作的每項(xiàng)步驟。
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英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇3】
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
China plays a much more important role in world economic system along with thedevelopment of economic globalization. Economic globalization not only accelerates our country'seconomic growth, but also promotes the speed of international trade all over the world. Thereforeexcellent business communication competence becomes increasingly important as well. As one ofthe language media business English correspondence aims to link overseas and domestic economicentities, exchange information, communicate with each other and deal with business. It plays anextremely important role in the frequent international trade. It is no exaggeration to say, businessEnglish correspondence is used in every step of business activities.
The course of business English writing has almost expanded into every university curriculum.Both foreign and domestic scholars have done researches on business English correspondencefrom the perspective of lexicon, semantic fields, especially based on corpus. There are two majorlarge-scale corpora on business English. One is Nelson's Business English Corpus (BEC for short)accounting for one million words. The other one is Poly U Business Corpora constructed by HongKong Polytechnic University. The Poly U Business Corpora are made up of three comparablecorpora of Chinese, English and Japanese business texts, the majority of which originate from thebusiness and finance sections of newspapers written in those languages, covering news and reportsfrom auditing and accounting to insurance and investments. Each of the corpora has more than onemillion words. It is accessible on line for searching key words to see a concordance taken fromPoly U Business English corpus, which is helpful to students and teachers. It is thus obviously thatbusiness English is quite important so that attracts much attention from linguistic researchers. Ithas been an overriding aim of this project to create a resource for researchers to help furtherknowledge of an area which so far has been the research topic of many scholars.
1.2 Significance of the Study
This thesis makes a relatively complete study of business English correspondence from theperspective of lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory. It takes up business Englishcorrespondence as its research topic and aims to propose some feasible strategies in businessEnglish correspondence writing and teaching. The study expected to achieve both theoretical andpractical significance as follows:
First of all, this study will introduce a new research method. Corpus provides a brand newway for the study of language. It breaks through the traditional method of intuitive experiencemethod and turns to the original analysis of natural language in order to provide a firm foundationand data support for language research in various fields. Traditional intuitive experience methodfocuses on personal experience and intuition, manual methods or introspective method whichcould acquire linguistic knowledge only from limited data of language materials. This method ofacquiring linguistic knowledge is not only inefficiency but also more subjective which inevitablyleads a effect on the accuracy of final result. However, corpus-based approach is totally different.Corpus can find the target data quickly by using computer software for scientific analysis, andovercome the limitation of traditional research on the subjectivity and one-sidedness. Thismacroscopic method can carry on a multi-level and all-rounded research on the basis of a largenumber of real data, and effectively promote the new theoretical model and research paradigm. Italso relies on computer science to achieve its powerful function in language searching, andprovides a new method in linguistic research for the majority of language researchers.
Secondly, a clear understanding of lexical grammar theory could be achieved. Language is atool for human communication which inevitably cannot do without meaning expression andunderstanding. Sinclair broke the previous rules of describing vocabulary and grammar in aseparate way. Therefore, a new point of view has been proposed. That is language should bedescribed by using the way combining vocabulary and grammar which opened up a new path forlanguage description based on a corpus. Then he proposed lexical grammar, and believed thatvocabulary and grammar are equally important, in which vocabulary is the starting point forbuilding the language model. The key aspects about the origin of lexical grammar and thewholeness of lexis and grammar will be discussed in detail in next chapter and this study is basedon the theory of lexical grammar to explore the features of business English correspondence fromlexical and syntactic levels.
Thirdly, after a relatively complete study on the business English correspondence, typicallexical and syntactic features could be worked out.
Fourthly, feasible strategies could be proposed to business English correspondence writingand teaching.
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
In this thesis, the study will do some research on business English correspondence andmanage to summarize some common syntactic features of business English correspondence basedon lexical-grammar theory and syntactic theory. This thesis is divided into the following six parts:
Chapter 1, the introduction part is an introduction concerning the theme of the thesis,including a general introduction of the background and significance of the study and theorganization of the whole thesis.
Chapter 2, a literature review is provided in this chapter, which gives out an overview of thecorpus linguistics and business English correspondence. It first introduces business Englishcorrespondence and corpus linguistics briefly, and then gives a comprehensive introduction tothem which are also discussed here for better understanding to the field that the theory will beapplied to. Relevant studies both on Corpus linguistics and business English correspondence arealso presented at the end of each part.
Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical framework which contains four main parts: principles ofbusiness English correspondence, the application in corpus linguistics, lexical grammar andsyntactic theory. Then Sinclair's lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory will be discussed indetail. In the end of this chapter, the writer will talk about the paper's feasibility.
Chapter 4 addresses the research methodology of the study which includes the corpus-basedquantitative and qualitative method, the corpus and instruments used in the study, the proceduresof the study both in relation to data collection and data processing and concordance.
Chapter 5 is the main part of the thesis of which lexical and syntactic features will bediscussed and analyzed in this part. Word length, sentence length, wordlist and some other wordfrequency will be listed and analyzed in detail.
Chapter 6 draws a conclusion of the thesis, which gives a summary to the whole paper.Besides the major findings of the study, it also points out the limitations and difficulties of thepresent study.
2 CONTENTS
Abstract in Chinese
Abstract in English
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
2 Literature Review
2.1 Studies on Business English Correspondence Abroad and at Home
2.2 Studies based on Corpus Linguistics Abroad and at Home
2.3 Summary
3 Theoretical Framework
3.1 Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence
3.2 Lexical Grammar
3.3 Syntactic Theory
4 Methodology
4.1 Corpus-Based Approach
4.2 Research Instruments
4.3 Research Procedures
4.3.1 Data Collection
4.3.2 Data Clean-up
4.3.3 Tokenization
4.3.4 Lemmatization
4.3.5 Part-of-speech Tagging
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Syntactic Complexity Analysis
5.1.1 Analysis of Word Length and Sentence Length
5.1.2 Contrastive Analysis between Content Words and Function Words
5.1.3 Contrastive Analysis between Simple Sentence and Complex Sentence
5.2 Syntactic Pattern Analysis
5.2.1 Passive Voice
5.2.2 Interrogative Sentence
5.2.3 Subjunctive Mood
5.3 Syntactic Feature Analysis
5.3.1 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Request and Comfirmation
5.3.2 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Acceptance and Refusal
5.3.3 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Appreciation and Apology
6 Conclusion
6.1 Major Findings
6.2 Implications for the Study
6.3 Limitations
Acknowledgement
References
Appendix
Papers published in the period of Ph. M. education
進(jìn)度安排
1.Collecting the related materials and designing theresearch, data analysis: Sep.1st-Dec.31st,20xx
2.Writing the first draft: Jan.1st- Feb.31st, 20xx
3.Writing the second draft:Mar. 1st- Apr. 31st,20xx
4.Writing the final draft: May. 1st- May.31st,20xx
5.Preparing for defense of the thesis: June.1st- June31st,20xx
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[30] Cheng,W. 20xx. Exploring Corpus Linguistics: Language in Action[M]. London/ New York:Routledge:101.
[31] Sinclair,J. 20xx. Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse [M]. London/ New York:Routledge: 165-169.
[32] Chomsky,N. (1981)。 Lectures on Government and Binding[M]. Dordrecht:Foris:5.
[33] Chomsky,N.(20xxc)。 The architecture of language[M]. Nirmalangshu Mukherji,Bibudhendra Naraya Patnaik & Rama Kant Agihotri(ed)。 Oxford: Oxford University Press:54.
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英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇4】
一、論文題目：
classroom：interaction：and：oral：english：teaching
二、研究現(xiàn)狀：
對(duì)于課堂互動(dòng)與教學(xué)之間的關(guān)系，國(guó)內(nèi)的研究主要集中在：
(1)構(gòu)建主義模式：它是以構(gòu)建主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式，司洪海在《構(gòu)建主義理論與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)》中從對(duì)現(xiàn)有教學(xué)模式的“”入手，探討將構(gòu)建主義引入英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的必要性、可行性及其意義和作用。盧艷春和路雅琴在《構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)》中則分別“從構(gòu)建知識(shí)觀”“構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)觀”“構(gòu)建教學(xué)觀”入手，強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為中心的主動(dòng)性、構(gòu)建性。
(2)角色扮演模式：徐志敏、王瑛在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究》中著重探討了在角色扮演的互動(dòng)教學(xué)中教師的作用，對(duì)指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐具有重要的意義。而黃玉蘭在《角色扮演引入英語(yǔ)專業(yè)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中》從角色扮演是“多為互動(dòng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)模式的應(yīng)用”探討了角色扮演這一的目的、步驟和利弊等方面。
(3)以學(xué)生為中心模式：這一模式被單獨(dú)研究的較少，黃影秋在《以學(xué)生為中心提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)效果的探索中》通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)習(xí)存在的問(wèn)題的分析，提倡“以學(xué)生為中心”，實(shí)現(xiàn)教與學(xué)的“雙邊互動(dòng)”。并提出闡述如何運(yùn)用其他“教學(xué)策略提高口語(yǔ)的教學(xué)效果”，促進(jìn)學(xué)生交際能力的提高。而劉蓉在《談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)》中則提出了互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造“以學(xué)生為中心的口語(yǔ)課堂和整體小組作業(yè)模式”，提高口語(yǔ)交際能力。
(4)合作性學(xué)習(xí)模式：這種模式的研究較為普遍和盛行，它興起于美國(guó)，在后來(lái)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展的一種教學(xué)理論與策略。黃艷在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂的應(yīng)用》中提出了以下幾種合作模式，從而的出該模式的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。顧曉樂(lè)在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演》中從情劇表演的角度來(lái)證明合作性學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。肖巧玲在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)》中則通過(guò)合作學(xué)習(xí)在口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐探究合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的原則。而慕東文在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原則，對(duì)待新的理念，指導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。
(5)情景設(shè)置模式：它主要是根據(jù)gillian：brown：&：george：yuled的語(yǔ)言情景對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得者的交際緊張、焦慮的研究表明口語(yǔ)情景設(shè)置不適當(dāng)，會(huì)影響學(xué)生用目進(jìn)行交流，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)教學(xué)情景設(shè)置的重要性。張舍茹、孫邊旗在《英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)的情景設(shè)置>>中就論述我們應(yīng)注意“情景互動(dòng)教學(xué)中應(yīng)遵循的原則”，及如何設(shè)置“英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中情景設(shè)置的形式”兩個(gè)小方面局部性的探討了情景設(shè)置這種互動(dòng)模式。孫久榮在《論英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課的情景教學(xué)》中對(duì)情景設(shè)置這個(gè)模式從宏觀上進(jìn)行了分類，進(jìn)而得出“開(kāi)放式情景”和“封閉式情景”，為情景設(shè)置互動(dòng)模式研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)小領(lǐng)域。
三、研究的目的及意義：
通過(guò)對(duì)目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來(lái)并比較成熟的幾種互動(dòng)模式的歸納來(lái)看：關(guān)于人際互動(dòng)這種互動(dòng)模式在目前的互動(dòng)性研究中被單獨(dú)研究還比較少，沒(méi)有被當(dāng)作一種獨(dú)立的模式應(yīng)用到英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中，它更多的是被貫穿到其他幾種互動(dòng)模式當(dāng)中。因此，本論題認(rèn)為它還有進(jìn)一步研究的空間。
四、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法：
本論題將以教育心理學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ)，以互動(dòng)理論和構(gòu)建主義理論為依據(jù)，運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)的方法對(duì)已有的研究進(jìn)行宏觀上的概述，從而引出本文論題，通過(guò)例證分析、驗(yàn)證人際互動(dòng)模式對(duì)課堂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)效果的提高所具有的重要意義。
五、提綱：
introduction
chapter：one：definition：and：theoretical：basis：of：interaction
1.1：definition：of：interaction
1.2：theoretical：basis：of：interaction
1.3：some：main：interactive：modes：in：the：present：classroom
chapter：two：the：necessity：and：the：principles：of：following：interaction-teaching：mode
2.1：the：disadvantage：of：traditional：oral：english：teaching：mode
2.2：the：necessity：and：merit：of：taking：interaction-teaching：mode
2.3：oral：english：interaction-teaching：mode：should：follow：the：principles
chapter：three：personal：interaction：in：the：oral：english：teaching
3.1：the：relationship：between：the：teacher：and：students
3.2：two：types：of：personal：interaction
3.3：classroom：climate
3.4：classroom：size
chapter：four：the：evaluation：of：the：interactive：oral：english：teaching：mode
4.1：some：principles：should：follow：when：evaluating
4.2：the：concept：of：evaluating
4.3：the：technology：of：evaluating
conclusion
英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇5】
一、改革教學(xué)目標(biāo)
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革是擺在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師和從事學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究工作者面前的一個(gè)課題。
進(jìn)行中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱中教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求比過(guò)去大綱中的目標(biāo)與要求具體得多，這是一個(gè)進(jìn)步。但在進(jìn)行大綱中，仍然存在著一些弊病，具體講，存在著以下問(wèn)題：
1）大綱教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求的描述不盡詳細(xì)。
現(xiàn)行大綱對(duì)有些目標(biāo)和要求的描述很不具體，如，大綱中對(duì)讀的要求有這樣的文字描述：“能讀懂簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)用文，如信函、請(qǐng)柬、通知、便條、說(shuō)明、表格、圖示和標(biāo)志等。”這句話中的要求就不詳細(xì)，如“信函”，我們知道信函包括很多種，而在此所指的是哪一種呢，教師就不得而知了。無(wú)奈之余，他們?cè)诮虒W(xué)中，就有些不知所措了。在高三的復(fù)習(xí)中，只好把各種“信函”全部給拉出來(lái)見(jiàn)面。而事實(shí)上，根據(jù)近些年的高考題來(lái)看，信函大多屬于普通信、邀請(qǐng)信和感謝信。所以，我認(rèn)為，既然要具體，就應(yīng)該再詳細(xì)一些，以便于教師在教學(xué)中操作。
2）大綱中的目標(biāo)和要求不完善。
現(xiàn)行英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱第二部分的教學(xué)要求中只寫出了“高級(jí)中學(xué)二年級(jí)和三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要求”，而對(duì)高一年級(jí)的要求只字未提。高一是一個(gè)過(guò)渡時(shí)期，它處于初三和高二之間，學(xué)生處于一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)軌階段。在這一時(shí)期，教師教學(xué)的尺度本來(lái)就很難把握，再加上大綱中又不作任何要求，這就更提高了教師施教的難度，故應(yīng)該改革這種情況。
二、改革教學(xué)觀念
人的一切行為都是在理論的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行實(shí)踐的。沒(méi)有先進(jìn)的思想觀念，便不可能有先進(jìn)的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。如果教學(xué)觀念滯后，就不可能有新的教學(xué)方法的產(chǎn)生。故教學(xué)觀念的改革顯得越來(lái)越重要。
改變觀念不能只是一句口號(hào)，而應(yīng)成為實(shí)實(shí)在在的行動(dòng)。改革觀念最有效的途徑是出國(guó)進(jìn)修，直接感受國(guó)外英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的思想和觀念。除此之外，教師們還應(yīng)該眼觀六路，耳聽(tīng)八方，虛懷若谷，不斷地學(xué)習(xí)。只有這樣，觀念方可轉(zhuǎn)變，才能跟上時(shí)代的要求，不至于落伍。
三、改革和完善現(xiàn)行教材
現(xiàn)行教材有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它已被廣大中學(xué)師生所接受。但作為一套教材，它還存在著一些問(wèn)題：
1）教材內(nèi)容多，課時(shí)少的矛盾。
2）教材缺乏系統(tǒng)性。
3）教材中的漏誤。
4）配套材料不夠完善。
5）缺乏系統(tǒng)配套的泛讀材料。
6）語(yǔ)言不嚴(yán)密。
這些問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重影響著教學(xué)達(dá)標(biāo)。根據(jù)以上問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)行教材亟待改革。
四、改革教法
英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法是執(zhí)教者根據(jù)英語(yǔ)教育的基本規(guī)律所采用的一種語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的方法。教學(xué)方法的選擇是依據(jù)教學(xué)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)內(nèi)容來(lái)確定的。采用了科學(xué)的教學(xué)方法，教學(xué)方可有效。回顧我國(guó)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法的演變過(guò)程，真可謂步履艱難。自從中國(guó)開(kāi)始大規(guī)模的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)以來(lái)近百年，英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法經(jīng)歷了五個(gè)時(shí)期，即：對(duì)比法——直接法——翻譯法——結(jié)構(gòu)法和功能法。而這五種教學(xué)法又是交替使用，從來(lái)沒(méi)有被單獨(dú)使用過(guò)，其中翻譯法沿用的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。這一方法主要針對(duì)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的教學(xué)，它至今仍在一定程度上影響著我們的教學(xué)。而現(xiàn)在的新教材是功能法和結(jié)構(gòu)法的產(chǎn)物，是實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)的體現(xiàn)。根據(jù)我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的需要，要求培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能在國(guó)際交往中直接使用英語(yǔ)的能力。改革教法的目的就是要把過(guò)去的知識(shí)傳授型的方法和不適合新教材的教學(xué)法改為功能交際法，以便達(dá)到培養(yǎng)交際能力的目的。
五、改革教學(xué)手段
新教材突出交際能力的培養(yǎng)。同時(shí)由于新教材容量大，課時(shí)有限，因此如果在教學(xué)中還一味地使用過(guò)去的“三個(gè)一”（一張嘴、一本書(shū)、一支粉筆）的教學(xué)手段，那是很難完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的，更不用說(shuō)達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)了。鑒于此，各學(xué)校應(yīng)該盡力去改善英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的手段。英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革的目標(biāo)就是要利用一切可以利用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段，給學(xué)生提供現(xiàn)代化的視聽(tīng)儀器和教學(xué)輔助設(shè)施，增大課堂容量，提高課堂教學(xué)的效果。
六、改革評(píng)估檢測(cè)
考試、檢測(cè)是評(píng)估教學(xué)效果的慣用手段。盡管新教材已經(jīng)使用了六年多了，但至今還沒(méi)有一套完全適合新教材的評(píng)估檢測(cè)手段?，F(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況是考、教脫節(jié)。新教材以培養(yǎng)交際能力的目的，而現(xiàn)在的考試，評(píng)估仍然是以考試語(yǔ)法為主，這嚴(yán)重影響著教學(xué)。眾所周知，考什么教什么，盡管近年來(lái)對(duì)能力的考查有所側(cè)重，但事實(shí)上現(xiàn)在的考試仍然沒(méi)有完全擺脫語(yǔ)法考試的影響。故導(dǎo)致在復(fù)習(xí)備考階段，大部分時(shí)間還是花在了語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)上。因此這種評(píng)估檢測(cè)手段亟待改革。
七、改革師資現(xiàn)狀
目前，全國(guó)各地中學(xué)英語(yǔ)師資水平很不均衡。越是貧困的地區(qū)，師資水平越低。造成這種情況的原因是多方面的。
1）七十年代，由于師資缺乏，全國(guó)各地舉辦了不少的短訓(xùn)班。短訓(xùn)班里培訓(xùn)出的教師解決了當(dāng)時(shí)教師缺乏的問(wèn)題，而這部分人的英語(yǔ)素質(zhì)不高。
2）現(xiàn)在的中學(xué)教師中大多數(shù)屬于八十年代中?；虼髮．厴I(yè)生，雖然他們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中努力，自修，拿到了大本函授文憑，但實(shí)際上，大多數(shù)的水平提高幅度不大。
3）函授不利于教師素質(zhì)的提高，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)作為一種語(yǔ)言，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，須進(jìn)行聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫、譯各方面的訓(xùn)練，而函授不能很好地解決這些問(wèn)題。
4）由于工作環(huán)境和時(shí)間的推移，教師們的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)能力不斷地退化。
5）由于區(qū)域發(fā)展的不平衡，教師流動(dòng)較大。這樣就使得經(jīng)濟(jì)較發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，教師師資水平越來(lái)越高，落后地區(qū)的師資水平越來(lái)越低，這樣就造成了惡性循環(huán)，很不利于英語(yǔ)教學(xué)水平的全面提高。
鑒于以上原因，我們必須設(shè)法改革英語(yǔ)師資的現(xiàn)狀。為了改革師資隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)，國(guó)家教委計(jì)劃將在近三年內(nèi)培養(yǎng)一萬(wàn)名能教會(huì)研的教師，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)教師來(lái)說(shuō)是一件難得的好事，除此之外各地的教育行政部門和學(xué)校教應(yīng)該為教師們創(chuàng)造條件，鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)修。
總之，凡是不利于推行素質(zhì)教育的情況均需改革。作為一名教師，我認(rèn)為我們有責(zé)任為深化教學(xué)改革做一些力所能及的事情。如果每個(gè)教育教學(xué)工作者都來(lái)為教學(xué)改革出謀獻(xiàn)策，那么，我們英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革的成功之日也就為期不遠(yuǎn)了。希望我們共同努力，為之奮斗！
英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇6】
黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)四字詞組的英語(yǔ)策略論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告
On English Translation of TCM Four-character Phrases from the Perspective of Skopostheorie
— a Study Based on the Case of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing
Gu XXXX
Supervisor: (Professor)Li Shuai
A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Degree of BA in English(medicine-oriented) at Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
March, 20xx
Rationale and Significance
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the essential constituent of Chinese traditional culture treasure. The TCM literature translation not only is helpful to the further development of TCM in the world scope, also is the important content in cultural exchange between China and west. Abstract Four-character phrase originally was an important pattern of manifestation of Chinese classical language. Though the Chinese classical language has been replaced by vernacular Chinese for nearly one century, four-character phrase is still used in vernacular Chinese, which shows its important position in both ancient and modern Chinese. Ancient medical literature and TCM terms also have a large proportion of four-word phrases. So research on translation of four-character TCM terms is very necessary. A good translation of them could decide the quality of TCM translation more or less. So we need a further study on translation strategies of TCM four-character phrases。
Huangdi Neijing,the collection of Suwen and LingShu,which is the earliest Classieal Chinese medicine(CCM) doeument existing today. The book contains a lot of knowledge in many fields in ancient times, such as Chinese ancient medicine, astrology, meteorology and phenoligy. It plays a significant leading role even today on the theoretical research and clinical practice of Chinese mdicin. The proportion of Four-character phrase in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing reaches to 33 percent, which is cosidered as a large proportion.
Skopostheorie is an approach to translation which was developed in Germany in
the late 1970s. It takes seriously factors which have always been stressed in action theory, and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the later half of twentieth century for the translation of non-literary text types. In the translation of scientific and academic papers, instructions for use, tourist guides, contracts, etc., the contextual factors surrounding the translation cannot be ignored. These factors include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and of the client who has commissioned it, and, in particular, the function which the text is to perform in that culture for those readers. Skopostheorie is directly oriented towards this function. Skopostheorie places translation in socio-cultural context, which includes institution which initiates it and stresses the interplay between the translator and functionality, and holds the view that translational action produces a target text that is functionally communicative and functionally suitable in the target culture.
Literature Review (Background)
According to Chinese Grammar and Rhetorical Dictionary, four-character structure is a set pattern which is composed of four Chinese character.
Studies on translation of Chinese Four-character phrases
Domestic
Lu Gang has written in Translating Chinese Four-character Chain Structure that “Chinese four-character chain structure is featured with colorful meanings sequent reference and flowing conception. Its translation should take into account the historical cultural and geographical factors concerning China and resort to tactics such as literal translation, free translation, combination, extraction, word order change or materialization as is appropriate with the context.
Zhang Xiuyan has made discussion On Translating Chinese Four-character phrases, and pointed out that “It first should be clear that the surface structure could be simplified without running the risk of noticeable semantic distortion. Five strategies are proposed: first, translating four-character phrases into one English word; second, translating them, into various English phrases; third translating the
Figures of speech in Chinese four-character phrases such as simile, metaphor, personification, antithesis, parallelism, transfer of feeling, so on and so forth, into corresponding or different figures of speech in English; fourth, translating four –character phrases to ‘there be’……pattern or passive voice or imperative sentences; last, comprehensive method is often employed when several four-character phrases are used together.
Dong Jiawen has discussed the same issue from a quite different perspective, whose paper title with A Corpus-based Study of Four-word Lexical Bundles in Linguistic Journal Article.
Foreign
Quite a large number of foreign scholars have been interested in Chinese culture, especially Chinese Classics. Many foreign translators have made their great contribution to translation of Chinese Classics. E.H.Parker, the famous British diplomat and sinologist had devoted his version of Lisao, the Sadness of Separation in1871. The Story of the Stone, famous English version of Hongloumeng, which was translated by David Hawkes & John Minford in1973 still enjoys its popularity until now.
Although so many sinologists and orientalists has done quite large amount of research works on translating Chinese Classics, they don’t cast their special focus on translation of Chinese four-character phrases.
Studies on translation of TCM Four-character phrases
There are some scholars casting their focus on four-character phrases in TCM field. For example, Zhang Dengfeng has mainly discussed translation strategies of traditional Chinese medicine four-character phrases.
Ding Nianqing and Yu Meifang has discussed on Logistic Relationship Analysis of Four-character China Medical Term and Its Corresponding Translation Strategy and tried to the corresponding translation strategy of TCM four-character terms based on the analysis of the logistic relation of four-character phrases.
Hu Lijuan has made discussion On the Translation of the Four-Character Phrase of TCM into English, and point put that a deep understanding of the basic difference between the two languages and good mastery of them, an accurate perception of the deep structure of the source language and a profound comprehension of the language structure and culture background of the target language are inevitable to the successful translation of the four character phrase of TCM,
Ji Zhe has made research on English Translation of Four-word Phrases in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing (The Plain Questions of The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine) with assistance of corpus analysis
Aims and Objectives/Research Questions/Problems to be Investigated
The thesis attempts to answer the following questions:
(1) What are the difficulties in four-character phrase translation?
(2) What are the features of TCM four-character phrase? And how does it influence in C-E four-character phrase translation?
(3) How the purpose of C-E four-character phrase translation is realized in the target text?
(4) What are the differences between the two versions on translation of TCM four-character phrase.
Methodology and Data Collection
Methods: Two English versions were selected: the Yellow Emperor’s Canon Internal Medicine translated by Nelson Liansheng Wu and Andrew Qi Wu (1997),and Huangdi Neijing-Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine translated by Li Zhaoguo(2005).
Physician-to-Non-physician translator
A comparative study of two versions of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing is the main method throughout the thesis. And all the four-character phrases will be selected from chapter 1 to chapter 30 of both versions.
Theoretical Framework
Skopostheorie was put forward by famous German translator Hans J. Vermeer in the 1970s. Skopos is a Greek word, which means aim or purpose. Vermeer introduced it into translation theory as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating. What Skopostheorie focuses on is the purpose of the translation, which determines the translation methods and strategies in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Just as Hatim argues that in Skopostheorie, the way the target text eventually shapes up is determined to a great extent by the purpose, intended for it in the target context. Therefore, in Skopostheorie, knowing why a ST is to be translated is crucial for the translator.
Skopos Rule
In Skopostheorie, the foremost rule that all translations must abide by is skopos rule. Translation purpose determines translation strategies and methods. The target text must be produced with a given purpose in mind since translations function well when shaped by a particular purpose. The translator must know the skopos of the translation clearly. Therefore, in the translation of TCM four-character phrase, translators need to make themselves clear about the purpose of TCM four-character phrase translation.
Coherence Rule
Coherence rule is also called intra-textual coherence rule. The target text(TT) should conform to the standard of intra-textual coherence. That means the TT receiver should be able to understand the TT and the TT should make sense in the communicative situation and culture in which it is received. Therefore, the translator should consider TT receivers' cultural background and social circumstance in order to produce a meaningful TT for TT receivers. If these structures four-character phrases and terms of TCM are translated into corresponding Western Medicine terms, they will be coherent with their situation and foreign TCM readers can interpret these translated TCM four-character phrases easily.
Fidelity Rule
In English translation of TCM four-character phrases, it is important for the target text to be faithful to the original, especially the content of the source text in that TCM has formed a unique theoretical and clinical system through its long history of development, which is quite different from Western Medicine in theory and practice. TCM includes many ancient Chinese philosophies, such as yin-yang theory and five-phase theory. The translator should faithfully translate unique Chinese culture hidden in these TCM four-character phrases.
Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1Background of the Study
1.2Problem to be Solved in the Present Study
1.3The Methodology of the Present Study
1.4The Significance of the Present Study
1.5The outline of the Present Study
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1Definiton of Four-Word Phrases
2.2Previous Studies on the English translation of Four-Word Phrases
2.3Previous Studies on the English Translation of TCM Four-word Phrases
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
3.1Framework of Skopostheorie and its Application
3.1.1Outline of Skopostheorie
3.1.2Development of Skopostheorie
3.1.3Status Quo and Feasibility of Skopostheorie
3.2Perspectives of Skopostheorie: the Three Principles
3.2.1The Skopos Principle as a Guiding Principle
3.2.2The Fidelity Principle
3.2.3The Coherence Principle
3.3Significance of Skopostheorie to TCM Four-Word Phrases Transltion
Chapter 4 Strategies of TCM Four-word Phrases Transltion Within Framework of Skopostheorie : a comparative Study of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing
4.1The Skopos of Two Translators in Rendering Suwen of Huangdi Neijing
4.3 Strategies of TCM Four-word Phrases Transltion Within Skopostheorie: A Comparative Study of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing
4.2.1 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Objective Relation
4.2.2 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Causal Relation
4.2.3 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Coordinating Relation
4.2.4 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Transition Relation
4.3Solutions to TCM Four-Word Phrases Translation Within Framework of Skopostherie
Conclusion
Tentative Conclusion
Skopostheorie will provide a scientific and efficient way for TCM four-character phrase translation model, for example planning the process of translation training, classifying translation problems, testing transfer competence and assessing translation quality.
Potential Difficulties
Due to large amount of four-character phrase, there still might be some inadequacies in the classification of the data selected from the two versions. Due to the limited capability of the author, the part of case study can be further expanded to include more examples for discussion so as to strengthen the argument of this thesis in further study.
References
1. Wu, Liansheng and Wu, Qi. The Yellow Emperor’s Classic Internal Medicine [M]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1997.
2. Newmar, Peter. The Deficiencies of Skopos Theory: A Response to Anna Trosborg [J]. Current Issues in Language & Society，2000，(3).
3. Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
4. Li, Zhaoguo, Huangdi Neijing一Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine [M], Xi’an: World Publishing Corporation, 2005.
5. Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, 中譯本: 《翻譯學(xué)導(dǎo)論 理論與實(shí)踐》,李鳳德等譯,2007。北京:商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
6. 張登峰.中醫(yī)學(xué)四字結(jié)構(gòu)的`英譯法[J1.陜西中醫(yī)函授,1995,3:44-6.
7. 施蘊(yùn)中.《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》首部英譯本述評(píng)[[J].上?？萍挤g，2002 ( 2) :46-49.
8. 羅磊.醫(yī)學(xué)英漢互譯技巧與實(shí)踐[M ].北京:人民軍醫(yī)出版社, 2004: 322~324
9. 張秀燕.淺談漢語(yǔ)四字詞組的英譯[J].寧波廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2005(3):36-38
10. 方廷鈺.中醫(yī)翻譯探討[J].中醫(yī)教育,2005(24)4:34-36.
11. 魏酒杰.英漢漢英中醫(yī)詞典[J].長(zhǎng)沙:湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2006.
12. 董巖.漢語(yǔ)四字詞組的幾種譯法[J].南京廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2006:44-46
13. 毛和容,曹忠凱,文惠.從中醫(yī)語(yǔ)言的特性看中醫(yī)基本名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)英譯的原則[J].長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013:143-144
14. …………
英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文【篇7】
系別:外語(yǔ)系 專業(yè):英 語(yǔ) 所選題目名稱:
English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function
一、課題研究現(xiàn)狀:
English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary、The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages、Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function)、Another scholar, Fernando C、(1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.
Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.
二、課題研究目的:
This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them、It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.
三、課題研究?jī)?nèi)容:
As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken、This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1、Introduction
2、A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms
3、Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion
3.2 Functional Categories
3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms
4、The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5、Conclusion
四、課題研究計(jì)劃:
January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline
March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion
June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence
五、主要參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] Fernando, C、Idioms and Idiomaticity、Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 20xx
[2] Halliday, M.A.K、and R、Hason、Cohesion in English、Longman Press, 1985
[3] Lakoff, G、and M、Johnson、Metaphors We Live By、University of Chicago Press, 1980
[4] Makkai, A、Idiom Structure in English、The Hague Press,1972
[5] 林承璋、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)引論[M]、武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987
[6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng)、現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)[M]、上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999
[7] 汪榕培, 盧曉娟、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)教程[M]、上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999
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