2023年的全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試將在今年的十二月開(kāi)始初試考試，考生朋友們目前的復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)度是否能在考試之前將知識(shí)點(diǎn)大致掌握呢？小編為大家?guī)?lái)了一份2020年考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解考試真題及答案解析，有需要的小伙伴們快來(lái)看看吧！
Text 2
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish
their research， so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free， because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free， the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century， university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations， at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.
The Dutch giant Elsevier， which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world，made profits of more than ￡900m last year， while UK universities alone spent more than ￡210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research； both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic， and thoroughly illegal， reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub， a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers， set up in 2012， which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub， which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed， shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms： either freely available from the moment of publication， or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5，000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’ had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet： labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status， while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases， we need a rebalancing of power.
26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money＂ partly because________
[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .
[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.
[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.
[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.
27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3， scientific publishers Elsevier have________
[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.
[B] gone through an existential crisis.
[C] revived the publishing industry.
[D] financed researchers generously.
28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub？
[A] Relieved.
[B] Puzzled.
[C] Concerned
[D] Encouraged.
29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________
[A]allow publishers some room to make money.
[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.
[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially.
[D] free universities from financial burdens.
30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model？
[A] Trial subscription is offered.
[B] Labour triumphs over status.
[C] Costs are well controlled.
D] The few feed on the many.
考研初試各科分?jǐn)?shù)組成：
政治：
馬原24分，毛特30分，史綱14分，思修與法律基礎(chǔ)16分，當(dāng)代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與形勢(shì)與政策16分，滿分100分。
英語(yǔ)：
完型10分，閱讀A40分，閱讀B（即新題型）10分，翻譯（英語(yǔ)一10分，英語(yǔ)二15分），大作文（英語(yǔ)一20分，英語(yǔ)二15分），小作文10分，滿分100分。
數(shù)學(xué)：
理工類（數(shù)學(xué)一、數(shù)學(xué)二） 、經(jīng)濟(jì)類（數(shù)學(xué)三）
數(shù)學(xué)一：高數(shù)56%、線性代數(shù)22%、概率統(tǒng)計(jì)22%
數(shù)學(xué)二：高數(shù)78%、線性代數(shù)22%、不考概率統(tǒng)計(jì)
數(shù)學(xué)三：高數(shù)56%、線性代數(shù)22%、概率統(tǒng)計(jì)22%
數(shù)學(xué)滿分150分。
一般情況下，工科類的為數(shù)學(xué)一和數(shù)學(xué)二。專業(yè)課由于是自主命題，試卷結(jié)構(gòu)詳見(jiàn)各招生單位公布的信息。
專業(yè)課：
由于是自主命題，試卷結(jié)構(gòu)詳見(jiàn)各招生單位公布的信息。一般滿分是150分。