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賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的歸納總結(jié)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的難點(diǎn)，也是高考的熱點(diǎn)，更是書(shū)面表達(dá)中必須具備的一種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
中學(xué)教學(xué)中最常見(jiàn)的使役動(dòng)詞有:make， have， leave。他們都表示“使得”，后面都可接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，但用法上有所不同。
1. 我們推選他為我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
We made him captain of our football team.
2. 我們隊(duì)贏了的消息使我們大家非常高興。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
3. 大雨使得我們無(wú)法出去。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
4. 奇怪的聲音使我們感到恐懼。
The strange noise made us frightened.
5. 在交通嘈雜聲中他無(wú)法使自己的聲音提高到讓別人聽(tīng)到。
He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
6. 什么東西使得草生長(zhǎng)?
What makes the grass grow?
注意:過(guò)去分詞作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用加to; 但當(dāng)不定式作其賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一定要加to。
這個(gè)男孩被迫每天干十二個(gè)小時(shí)的活。
The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.
1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
2. The result of the entrance exams was not made ____ to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
答案:1.B2.B
have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事
have sb. doing sth.使得某人一直做某事
have sth. done使得某事被做
1. The teacher had her ____(recite) the text again.
2. He wants to have his eyes ____(examine) tomorrow.
3. Be careful， or you’ll have your hands ____(hurt).
4. He had the girl ____(stand) in the classroom the whole morning.
5. He had the walls ____(paint) this morning.
答案:1.recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted
只能用doing的情況
1. 表示正在發(fā)生
Be quick. They have the car waiting for you at the school gate.
2. 否定句中表示(不能)容忍某人做……
Iwon’t have him cheating in the exam.
3. 表示某一時(shí)間內(nèi)一直延續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作
He had us laughing all through the meals.
1. I’ve had my radio ____ so soon because my father had me ____ it. A. repair; done B. repaired; do C. repairing; do D. repaired; done
2. You can’t have the horse ____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
4. We will have you ____(know) that the machine has been made ____(work) at full speed.
答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.know， to work
1. 用形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
出去時(shí)，不要關(guān)門(mén)。Leave the door open when you go out.
他的疾病使得他身體很虛弱。His illness left him very weak.
2. 還可用名詞?介詞短語(yǔ)等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
他父母去年雙雙去世，留下他成為一個(gè)孤兒。
His parents both died last year， leaving him an orphan.
3. 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
他們走開(kāi)了，讓我一個(gè)人坐在那兒。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone.
他出去時(shí)，把他的文件攤在桌子上。
He went out， leaving his papers lying open on the desk.
4. 用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?
He left a few questions unanswered.
Ⅱ.感官動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法
表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如hear， feel， find， listen to， look at， watch， notice， observe， smell， see等詞后可以用省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的句型有:(以hear為例)
hear sb. do sth.
heahear sth. done
1. I’ve never heard the song ____(sing).
2. Do you smell something ____(burn)?
3. Tom saw his parents ____(get) into the car and ____(drive) off.
4. He was seen ____(drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.
5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
6. ——Did you hear her ____ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes， and I heard this song ____ in English.
A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung
7. I saw her ____ when I came into the classroom.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries
答案:1.sung 2.burning 3.get; drive 4.to drive 5.C 6.D 7.C
Ⅲ.with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)
1. with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)
1) 他過(guò)去常常開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)。
He used to sleep with the window open.
2) 他們離開(kāi)了房間，燈還亮著。
They fled the room with lights still on.
3) 他雙手放在口袋里走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
He stepped in， with his hands in his pockets.
4) 脖子上沒(méi)帶項(xiàng)鏈的那位女士是瑪麗的朋友。
The woman， without a necklace around her neck， was a friend of Mary’s.
2. with+賓語(yǔ)+doing/done/to do
1) The day was bright with a fresh breeze blowing.
(-ing表示主動(dòng)/正在進(jìn)行)
2) With the matter settled， we went home. (-ed表示被動(dòng)/狀態(tài))
3) They are highly mechanized farms， with machines to do all the work.
4) With Tom to help me， I can finish the work in time.
(to do表示即將發(fā)生)
1. ____ production up by 60%， the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
2. ____ everything ____， she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As; buying B. For; to buy
C. With; bought D. Because; to buy
比較:____ everything was bought， she left the supermarket.
3. ____ years ____， her hair grows white.
A. As; passing by B. With; go by
C. As; pass D. With; passed
4. His mother ____(be) ill， he had to stay at home， looking after her.
5. He stood there， with his eyes ____(fix) on Della.
6. He stood there， ____(fix) his eyes on Della.
7. He stood there and his eyes ____(fix) on Della.
答案:1.C 2.C 比較As 3.C 4.being 5.fixed 6.fixing 7.were fixed
rsb. doing sth.