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2021考研英語(yǔ)閱讀主旨大意題解題技巧
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中經(jīng)常會(huì)考察到一類(lèi)題型：主旨大意題。因?yàn)槲恼麦w裁一般都是學(xué)術(shù)性議論文，所以尋找文章主旨大意也就是尋找中心論點(diǎn)的位置。那么，我們可以如何又快又準(zhǔn)地找到中心論點(diǎn)的位置呢？
其實(shí)，中心論點(diǎn)的位置也是有跡可循的。因?yàn)槲鞣饺说乃季S模式偏“直線式”，不喜歡繞彎子，所以在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，中心論點(diǎn)在文章開(kāi)篇時(shí)就會(huì)交代得非常清楚了。所以，開(kāi)篇方式直接決定了我們?nèi)绾稳ゲ檎抑行恼擖c(diǎn)。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)于試題的總結(jié)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)篇方式就是有兩種：“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式”和“拋轉(zhuǎn)引玉”式。
一、“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”
“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”，顧名思義，就在文章第一段找中心論點(diǎn)即可。再詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)來(lái)分析的話，可以分為幾種情況：1.如果段首只有一句話，該句極有可能就是文章中心；2.如果有多句話，可以觀察一下是否出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折句，如果有轉(zhuǎn)折句的話，優(yōu)先考慮轉(zhuǎn)折句，如果沒(méi)有的話，考慮首段首句。附試題為例：
例2（2017年 text 4）——首段（只有一句話）出中心論點(diǎn)
Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is anational concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialistin fire ecology and management.
例2（2014年 text 4）——首段轉(zhuǎn)折句出中心論點(diǎn)
The Heart of the Matter，” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably， however， the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
例3（2016年text 1）——首段首句出中心論點(diǎn)
France， which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion， has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
二、“拋轉(zhuǎn)引玉”
“拋轉(zhuǎn)引玉”指的是作者在文章開(kāi)頭可以通過(guò)相關(guān)背景、人物故事、他人觀點(diǎn)、過(guò)去發(fā)生的事來(lái)引出文章中心。附試題為例：
（2003 text1）
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.” These days the Net， which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail， is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
文章首段通過(guò)Bill Donovan（間諜大師）這個(gè)人物作為“磚”，在首段末句引出現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)于間諜這一職業(yè)的影響。