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2021考研英語翻譯:被分割定語從句
通常，定語從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但在具體的運用中，往往也出現有定語從句與先行詞被分隔的現象。本文就定語從句與先行詞分隔的種種情況、分隔的原因及其漢譯進行探討。
一、定語從句與先行詞分隔的形式
1.被謂語分隔，例如：
Many forms of apparatus have been devised by which a more ac- curate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained.人們已經設計出許多醫(yī)療器械，通過這些醫(yī)療器械，可以對血壓有一個更為精 確的了解。
Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works.來參觀的人幾乎無一不對他的作品的創(chuàng)造性留下深刻印象。
2.被非從句定語分隔，例如：
Singapore is at the start of a long road，already well trodden in the west，that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes.新加坡眼下正踏上一條西方國家早已走了很遠的漫長道路，即最終建立收容所和休養(yǎng)院來解決問題。
Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before?這難道不就意味著，魚兒很快就可能學會避開那些它們常見的魚鉤上的食物嗎?
3.被狀語分隔，例如：
Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.當面不愿說的話，千萬不要在背后說。
I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.我記得曾在一家椅子廠見過六個工人，他們的工作是將幾根鋼管彎曲并組成一把折椅。
4.被補語分隔，例如：
The cook turned pale，and asked the housem aid to shut the door，who asked Brittles，who asked the tinker，who pretended not to hear.廚子的臉色變得蒼白，要女仆把門關上，女仆叫布立特爾關，布立特爾又叫補鍋匠關，而補鍋匠裝著沒聽見。
5.被同位語分隔，例如：
One was a violent thunderstorm ，the worst I had ever seen，which obscured my objective.有一次是暴風驟雨，猛烈的程度實為我平生所僅見。這陣暴風雨遮住了我的目標。
二、定語從句與先行詞分隔的原因
1.為了保持句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：
Mr.Leon said in the future，computer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket.利昂先生說，將來會生產出小得可以放在口袋里的計算機。
2.為了突出或強調主句中的主謂結構所表達的意義，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries，who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern-ments.中國已派出貿易代表團前往非洲各國，以便與這些國家的政府商談貿易協定。
The day is not far off when a lot of housework can be done by machine.大量家務活由機器來干的日子不遠了。
3.先行詞所帶的非從句定語常需置于定語從句之前而造成先行詞與定語從句分隔，例如：
There was som ething original，independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them .這個方案有創(chuàng)造性，而且別出心裁，又有魅力，所以深得他們的喜歡。