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2021考研英語閱讀詞匯題解題技巧
在考研英語閱讀理解題中,詞義句義題可以說是同學(xué)們的“老大難”了。面對這種題,大家是否有種手足無措的感覺:本身就看不懂單詞的意思,又無從下手。讓我們以2014年英語一的text one為例,巧用句子邏輯,破解詞義句意題。
首先,我們來展示一下2014年這道詞義句意題,以及它對應(yīng)的解題段落。
phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means________.
[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[B]to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.
[C]to register for an allowance from the government.
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.
(Para.2) More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker‘s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
首先,看到這道題時(shí),大家心里一定心中竊喜:“這個詞我認(rèn)識!,簽字嘛!”。但是一看選項(xiàng)沒有表示簽字意思的選項(xiàng)。這是因?yàn)槲覀兊脑~義句意題考察的往往都是超綱詞或者熟詞生義,從字面上不能推出答案。所以大家就陷入了一個解題的dilemma(僵局)當(dāng)中了。
那么,面對這種熟詞生義的題,我們怎么入手呢?我們可以考慮句子內(nèi)容和句子間的語義邏輯關(guān)系,簡而言之就是和上下文的聯(lián)系,去解這道詞義句意題。首先,我們看劃線詞所在的句子:
“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.
大家有沒有看出來,這句話里面就有一個隱藏的解題線索: looking for work, not looking to sign on. 這個表達(dá)符合英語邏輯關(guān)系中的“A,not B”結(jié)構(gòu)。在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中A和not B意思是一致的,而A和B 的意思是相反的。舉個例子來說:大家上課要注意聽講,不要打“王者榮耀”(We should listen carefully, not play game King of Honor during the class). 在這句話中,上課認(rèn)真聽講和不打游戲都是值得肯定的,但是聽講和打游戲確實(shí)相反的。
那么,按照這個思路,我們再來看這個題。大家能推出什么呢? looking for work(找工作) 和looking to sign on是什么關(guān)系呢? 相反關(guān)系!很好,大家離我們的成功又近了一步,也就是說,looking to sign on 我們就可以理解為 “不找工作”。我們再看一下選項(xiàng)。
[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. (去就業(yè)中心查看可以提供的工作)
[B]to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.(去接受政府對于津貼的限制)
[C]to register for an allowance from the government.(去注冊一個政府津貼)
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.(去參加政府組織的工作技能培訓(xùn))
顯而易見的是,A和D都是表示找工作,所以我們排除A,D。我們再來看B,C里面都提到的一個詞叫allowance(津貼)。這時(shí)候我們可以回到文中找到這個詞,它就在我們定位句的前面。
There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker‘s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.
也就是說,政府規(guī)定,如果你想領(lǐng)取這個就業(yè)津貼,那么你就需要等待七天,這七天的頭幾天必須要去找工作。那么換言之,如果我接受政府對于津貼的限制,那么我就要去找工作,所以[B]選項(xiàng)to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.(去接受政府對于津貼的限制)也是去找工作,不符合題意,所以也可以排除。所以答案是[C] to register for an allowance from the government.(去注冊一個政府津貼)。我們也可以聯(lián)系上文提到的In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. (為了讓生活變得更好,減輕人們對于政府的依賴,喬治奧斯本,英國財(cái)政大臣,引進(jìn)了“讓工作現(xiàn)行”的計(jì)劃)。這個計(jì)劃的目的就是刺激人們就業(yè),減少對于津貼的依賴,那么我們這道題中,唯一一個表示不找工作的就是[C] to register for an allowance from the government.(去注冊一個政府津貼)。
通過這個題,我們可以學(xué)習(xí)到,巧妙地利用定位句中的邏輯關(guān)系,可以幫助我們排除選項(xiàng),進(jìn)行解題。在以后的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,同學(xué)們也要多多積累,多多總結(jié),才能把這些錦囊妙計(jì)為自己所用。