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2021考研英語：關(guān)系代詞的語法解析
一、指人的關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that 的用法
(1) 作主語(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch.
那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。
在本句中，先行詞是those;關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞are going to play 的主語。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor.
正在和王先生說話的那個人是一個有名的醫(yī)生。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞is talking的主語。
這個復(fù)合句可以還原成兩個句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2) 作賓語包括作介詞賓語(whom, that )。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;
This is just the man (whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞whom/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞want 的賓語。
Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for?
他是你在找的那位經(jīng)理嗎?
(3) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語時，不能用that，也不能省略，
如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書是一位著名科學(xué)家寫的。
Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago.
你剛才和他說話的那個男孩是誰?
I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法
1. 作主語
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer.
這是那本教你如何操作計算機的說明手冊。
2. 作賓語包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。
The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII.
我昨天晚上看的那部電影是關(guān)于一個在二戰(zhàn)中打過仗的士兵的。
(本句有兩個定語從句。)
This is the bike for which I paid $ 100.
這就是我花了100美元買的那輛自行車。
The car (which/that) he went in was a black Cadillac.
他坐在里面走了的那輛汽車是一輛黑色的卡迪拉克。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語。of which 可用whose 代替;
The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。
例：His house of which the windows (the windows of which /whose windows) were all broken was a depressing sight.
他那所有窗戶都壞了的房子真是目不忍睹。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken.
這就是那本封皮破了的書。
4.關(guān)系代詞的格應(yīng)與它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠恢隆Ｌ貏e要注意插入語，
如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個人人都認(rèn)為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語)
At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable.
在選舉的時候我投了我認(rèn)為最合適的那個人的票。
5.關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時，從句的動詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致：
例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
這就是用英文寫成的使用說明。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets?
你是住在那幢剛剛竣工、有15個臥室、3個病房和4個衛(wèi)生間的白色房子里嗎?
So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception.
就我所知有很多達(dá)官貴人將出席這個招待會。
6.非限定性定語從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物;
例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。
她的兄弟們——兩個人都在美國工作——每個星期都給她打電話。
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd，
那些公共汽車——大多已經(jīng)坐滿了人——被一群憤怒的人圍著。
That tower block, which cost five million dollars to build, has been empty for five years.
那個塔樓空著已經(jīng)5年了。建它花了500萬美元。
Cricket, which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in England。
板球是英格蘭非常流行的體育活動，我對它知之甚少。
The accounts of the company ,which I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
公司的賬目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意這些賬目。
7.關(guān)系副詞(=介詞+關(guān)系代詞)：
例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met.
我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。