2021考研英語復(fù)習:省略句型結(jié)構(gòu)的拓展

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    2021考研英語復(fù)習:省略句型結(jié)構(gòu)的拓展
    省略句型結(jié)構(gòu)
    一、考點概述
    省略結(jié)構(gòu)在考研英語中的考查主要體現(xiàn)在句子的理解層面,主要分為兩類:一類是借助于其他詞語的省略,如使用助動詞代替前文出現(xiàn)過的動詞,使用代詞代替提到過的名詞;另一類直接省略,如略去上下文的重合部分,通常是主語(和/或)謂語。
    二、要點精析
    省略結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握要求是:
    1.快速識別句子省略的內(nèi)容;
    2.補全句子省略的內(nèi)容。常見的省略現(xiàn)象會出現(xiàn)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中、狀語從句中、名詞性從句中和定語從句中。
    (1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
    在并列句中,后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分。
    例:I think you’ll win the race; indeed we all think so.
    我認為你一定會贏得這場比賽,事實上我們都這樣想。(so=you’ll win the race)
    (2)狀語從句中的省略
    在when/while/if/as if/though(although)/as/until/whether等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若謂語是be,主語是it或與主句的主語相同時,則通常連同be動詞一起被省略。
    例:If (it is) necessary, we can give you another chance.
    如果必要的話,我們可以再給你一次機會。
    (3)名詞性從句中的省略
    常見的是使用不定式在主動表達中省略動詞的施動者,在被動表達中省略助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等。
    例:She will go to Beijing, but I don’t know how (she will go to Beijing).
    她將去北京但我不知道她怎么去。
    (4)定語從句中的省略
    定語從句中也常使用不定式作為省略的手段;當用as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,常省略系動詞。
    例1:All tests require a potential candidate with whom (the tests) to compare DNA.
    所有的測試都需要一個潛在的對象,從而可以將DNA與其比較。
    例2:He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.
    他給出的答案和以前一樣。
    三、考研試題舉例
    However , it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough . (05,完型)
    四、重點詞匯解析
    insensitive,adj. 感覺遲鈍的;expose,vt. 使曝光、揭露、顯示
    五、參考翻譯
    然而我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn),即使某些人開始時對某種氣味不敏感,如果經(jīng)常接觸這種氣味,也會對它敏感起來。
    2021考研英語復(fù)習:句型改變語序的解析
    一、改變語序
    改變語序,一般指倒裝。倒裝分為語法倒裝和修辭倒裝??佳须y點一般在修辭倒裝。修辭倒裝主要是為了強調(diào),一種是強調(diào)句子的表達重心,一種是強調(diào)一種表達語氣,比如命令語氣,假設(shè)語氣(虛擬語氣的倒裝屬于此類)疑問語氣和否定語氣。這些倒裝常和一些連詞或者副詞(如nor/so/only/never/until等)密切相關(guān)。下文所舉例子基本是從這個角度出發(fā)選擇出來的。
    二、背誦例句
    1.So involved with the book do the boy become that his mother often have to force him to break.
    譯文:那男孩對這本書如此著迷,以至于他的母親不得不總強迫他停下。
    2.Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program, has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.
    譯文:除非研究提供證據(jù)表明這個節(jié)目有不良影響,否則電視節(jié)目的播放政策不會改變。
    3.Lonely was seeing his son only once a month since the divorce.
    譯文:離婚后,他每月只能看兒子一次。這使他感到孤獨。
    4.Scientists do not know exactly how the virus damages the immune system, nor do they understand why the natural antibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective.
    譯文:科學家們迄今未能確定這種病毒破壞免疫系統(tǒng)的機理,他們也不明白旨在破壞這種病毒的天然抗體為什么無效。
    5.And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vital global necessity.
    譯文:過去人們從來沒有這么堅信各國互利的國際合作機構(gòu)是全球不可或缺的要素。
    6.The material destruction of the war was not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.
    譯文:假若當時立即恢復(fù)了和平,戰(zhàn)爭在物質(zhì)方面的破壞無論怎樣大,到一也能夠得到修復(fù)了。
    7.He wrote a novel, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story ,but he would invite a crowd of his friends outdoors and read it aloud to them.
    譯文:他寫小說時剛剛構(gòu)思出劇情輪廓就趕緊邀請一群朋友到野外,然后把劇情梗概大聲地念給他們聽。
    2021考研英語復(fù)習:成分省略句型的解析
    一、成分省略
    語言有個節(jié)省性原則。成分省略,主要是為了避免重復(fù)。一般的成分省略多為主語省略和謂語省略。這種省略屬于語法省略。但考研中一般是語用省略,也就是說是為了某中具體的表達目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和從句相結(jié)合,一正一反,使句子變得富有變化和難于把握。但省略句也有一些出現(xiàn)頻率很高,因此需要熟記。
    二、背誦例句
    It is quite unevering not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others ,even though we have learnt to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.
    譯文:即使我們適應(yīng)了打電話這種看不見對方的交談方式,這種看不見也觸摸不到對方的對話還是讓人感到很不自在。
    To American, being on ones’s own means that one is a fulling dependent functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.
    譯文:對美國人來說,個人的自立就是指這個人在集體中完全獨立并且又能發(fā)揮作用。他有能力而且也愿意作出自己的選擇。
    In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during their hunsband’s live, but, at any rate, after his death.
    譯文:女人們從心底認為:掙錢是男人的事情,女人只管話花錢——可能的話丈夫在世時就花;不行的話,那就在丈夫去世后再花。
    4.I can’t accept this fact because I know that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have either.
    譯文:我可以接受這個事實,因為我明白如果我都不能避免出錯,那么其他的外科大夫出錯也就難免了。
    5. With strong will, men can move mountain and fill seas.—and have.
    譯文:憑借堅強的意志,人類能夠移山填海。而事實上人類已經(jīng)做到。
    6.The war finally came to an end ,but not before hundreds of thousands of people had died.
    譯文:戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束,但卻是在千萬人在戰(zhàn)爭中喪生之后才結(jié)束。