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2020考研英語(yǔ)：有關(guān)熟詞僻義(四)
1.act
v.①行動(dòng)，做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表，代替;
n.①行為，動(dòng)作;②(一)幕;③法令，條例
【試題鏈接】 Governments throughout the world act (v.②) on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.[2000年翻譯]
【譯文】 世界各國(guó)的政府的行為都基于這樣一種假設(shè)，即人民的福利在很大程度上取決于社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和國(guó)家的財(cái)富。
【試題鏈接】 The paid manager acting (v.④) for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[1996年Text3]
【譯文】 代表公司進(jìn)行管理的領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理們與工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的關(guān)系，但甚至他們也很少像正在被淘汰的舊式家族企業(yè)的家長(zhǎng)制中的雇主那樣熟悉和了解工人的情況。
【試題鏈接】 Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act (n.①) to alter the growth pattern of different areas.[1996年翻譯]
【譯文】 然而，有些發(fā)展速度存在差異的原因就不盡合理，這是因?yàn)槟承?quán)威人士對(duì)科學(xué)理論研究應(yīng)該采取的方式有偏見(jiàn)，從而改變了不同科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展模式。
【試題鏈接】 The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act (n.③) to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.[1996年Text2]
【譯文】 按撒切爾政府廣播法案的要求，商業(yè)電視頻道——ITV和第四頻道——正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化，彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廣告業(yè)務(wù)，降低成本，裁減員工。
2.argue
v.①爭(zhēng)論，辯論;②認(rèn)為，主張，論證;③說(shuō)服
【試題鏈接】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing (①) about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻譯]
【譯文】 關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是：如果對(duì)人的權(quán)利沒(méi)有共同認(rèn)識(shí)，那么討論動(dòng)物的權(quán)利就是毫無(wú)結(jié)果的。
【試題鏈接】More significantly, they argue (②)that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong [2008年Text4]
【譯文】 更重要的是，他們認(rèn)為很多開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)字琅`制是錯(cuò)誤的。
3.attach
v.①(to)縛上，系上，貼上;②使依附，使隸屬，使依戀;③附加，附帶;④把～放在
【試題鏈接】 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached (①) to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.[1998年Text3]
【譯文】 1996年對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的調(diào)查表明，反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽也貼在了許多其他群體身上，這些人包括從提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。
【試題鏈接】 They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached (③).[2005年新題型]
【譯文】 這些官員(尤其是魁北克省和阿伯塔省的)只希望渥太華額外撥數(shù)十億加元的經(jīng)費(fèi)，而且最好不要什么附帶條件。
【試題鏈接】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached (④) great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻譯]
【譯文】 推崇技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代學(xué)派認(rèn)為，像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯韋、愛(ài)因斯坦這樣的大師以及像愛(ài)迪生這樣的發(fā)明家都非常重視科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的不同技術(shù)信息和技術(shù)設(shè)施，并從中受益頗深。
4.contend
v.①競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，斗爭(zhēng);②堅(jiān)決主張，聲稱，認(rèn)為
【試題鏈接】 It is the playgoers, the RSC contends (②), who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006年Text2]
【譯文】 皇家莎士比亞公司(RSC)聲稱是看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶來(lái)了大量的稅收，因?yàn)樗麄儌€(gè)晚上(有些甚至是四、五個(gè)晚上)都在旅館和飯店消費(fèi)。
5.deliver
v.①交付，遞送;②發(fā)表，表達(dá)，陳述;③釋放;④接生
【試題鏈接】 Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver (①) a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.[1999年Text2]
【譯文】 最突出的例子是“定向投影”網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，該公司使用一種屏保系統(tǒng)，將大量最新的信息和廣告不斷地傳送到用戶的計(jì)算機(jī)顯示器上。
【試題鏈接】 Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver (②) in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年Text1]
【譯文】 (練習(xí)幽默)包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話，你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說(shuō)出來(lái)。
6.dismiss
v.①免職，解雇，開(kāi)除，解散;②.不理會(huì)，不考慮
【試題鏈接】 He dismisses (②) a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”[1998年Text2]
【譯文】 他對(duì)重組顧問(wèn)們所作的大量工作不屑一顧，然為那些完全是垃圾——“典型的勞而無(wú)獲”。
7.engage
v.①(in)從事，忙于;②(to)與……訂婚;③聘用;④吸引
【試題鏈接】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage (①) in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新題型]
【譯文】 然而威廉姆斯還是控告娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)，明知道他“不可救藥地賭博上癮”還故意“誘惑”他“違背他自己的意愿參加賭博”。
【試題鏈接】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging (③) a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年Text3]
【譯文】 通過(guò)聘用大量專業(yè)人員來(lái)適應(yīng)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在過(guò)去這種低效率曾使得許多舊式家族企業(yè)在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二、三代手中破產(chǎn)倒閉。
【試題鏈接】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage (④) sympathy.[1997年翻譯]
【譯文】 對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，看見(jiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)物在受苦，足以引起他們同情。
8.fabricate
v.①捏造，編造(謊言，借口等);②建造，制造
【試題鏈接】 63.The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating (①) their data. [2004年翻譯]
【譯文】 63. 這些新近被描述的語(yǔ)言和得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語(yǔ)言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。
9.import
v.進(jìn)口，輸入;
n.①進(jìn)口，輸入;②[pl.]進(jìn)口商品，進(jìn)口物資;③重要性，含義
【試題鏈接】 On the other hand, oil-importing (v.) emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002年Text3]
【譯文】 另一方面，進(jìn)口石油的新興國(guó)家由于轉(zhuǎn)向了重工業(yè)，消耗能量更大，因此可能會(huì)受到石油危機(jī)的強(qiáng)烈影響。
【試題鏈接】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import (n.①) bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.[2002年Text3]
【譯文】 國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì)，如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右，與1998年的13美元一桶相比，這也只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%～0.5%。這還不到1974年或1980年收入減少部分的1/4。
【試題鏈接】 The full import (n.③) may take a while to sink in.[1997年Text1]
【譯文】 該法案的重要性可能需要一段時(shí)間才能為人們所理解和接受。
10.lean
v.①傾斜，屈身;②倚，靠，依賴;
a.①瘦的，無(wú)脂肪的;②精干的，效率高的;③貧瘠的
【試題鏈接】 They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) --lean (a.①), pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.[2006年Text2]
【譯文】 他們看起來(lái)都一個(gè)樣(雖然他們從各個(gè)地方而來(lái))——瘦削、率直、專注的臉龐，穿著牛仔褲和便鞋，吃著小圓面包，在劇場(chǎng)外的石板上過(guò)夜，以便能買得到20張座票和80張站票，這些票都是為那些睡覺(jué)的人準(zhǔn)備的，并且在票房第二天上午10點(diǎn)半開(kāi)始售票時(shí)就賣給他們。
【試題鏈接】 Friedman relies on a lean (a.②) staff of 20 in Austin.[2003年Text1]
【譯文】 弗里德曼在奧斯汀市只有20人的精干職員隊(duì)伍。
11.locate
v.①查找;②使……坐落于，位于
【試題鏈接】 Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate (①) specific information.[1995年Text3]
【譯文】 計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使人們可以把大量的數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存到機(jī)器可讀的文件里，還能通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)編程找到某一信息。
【試題鏈接】 65. We can see from the available statistics that _____.[1998年Text4] [B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located (②) in the West
【譯文】 65、從得到的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料，我們可以看出_____。 [B] 人口增長(zhǎng)率排名前十位的州都位于西部地區(qū)
12.maintain
v.①維修，保養(yǎng);②維持，保持;③堅(jiān)持，主張，支持
【試題鏈接】 Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain (②) memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年Text5]
【譯文】 實(shí)踐(或稱復(fù)習(xí))就是建立并保持對(duì)某一任務(wù)或所學(xué)材料的記憶。
【試題鏈接】 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains (③) that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.[2002年Text4]
【譯文】 波士頓大學(xué)健康法律系主任喬治·安納斯堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，只要醫(yī)生是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的開(kāi)藥，那么即使服用此藥會(huì)加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生的行為也沒(méi)有違法。
13.oblige
v.①?gòu)?qiáng)迫;②責(zé)成;③(使)感激，施恩于
【試題鏈接】 Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige (①) television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.[2005年翻譯]
【譯文】 另外，歐共體的融合性也會(huì)迫使電視傳媒集團(tuán)在節(jié)目的制作和流通中，與他人更進(jìn)一步地合作。
【試題鏈接】 62. We are obliged (③) to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.[2004年翻譯]
【譯文】 62. 我們之所以感激他們(兩位先驅(qū))，是因?yàn)樵诖酥?，這些(土著)語(yǔ)言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，這是由于說(shuō)這些語(yǔ)言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語(yǔ)言。
14.observe
v. ① 觀察,觀測(cè),注意到,監(jiān)視; ②遵守; ③評(píng)述,說(shuō)
【試題鏈接】It should be observed(v. ①), of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.[1999年Text3]
【譯文】當(dāng)然應(yīng)該看到的是，不管是職業(yè)學(xué)校、還是普通學(xué)校，混淆計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)的目的，都不會(huì)受益。
【試題鏈接】Good manners should be observed(v. ②) whether one eats in a restaurant or at home.(1984年改錯(cuò))
【譯文】一個(gè)人無(wú)論是在餐館還是在家中就餐都應(yīng)遵守良好的舉止。
【試題鏈接】“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes(v. ③), “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”[2008年Text 1]
【譯文】“她們對(duì)于壓力的承受能力有時(shí)候甚至比男性的還大”，她評(píng)述道，“只是她們需要處理的事情太多，看起來(lái)會(huì)更容易精疲力盡?！?BR> 15.suit
v.①合適，適合;②相配，適應(yīng);
n.①一套西服;②訴訟
【試題鏈接】 The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited (v.①) for expressing joy.[2006年Text4]
【譯文】 最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂(lè)，是最適于表達(dá)快樂(lè)的。
【試題鏈接】 David Williamds’s suit (n.②)should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[2006年新題型]
【譯文】 大衛(wèi)威廉姆斯的起訴或許會(huì)在這個(gè)賭博民族中引發(fā)一些問(wèn)題，但是也并不能確信。
【試題鏈接】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit (n.②) charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新題型]
【譯文】 然而威廉姆斯還是控告娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)，明知道他”不可救藥地賭博上癮“還故意”誘惑“他“違背他自己的意愿參加賭博”。
2020考研英語(yǔ)：有關(guān)熟詞僻義(五)
1.weather
n .天氣,氣象
v.經(jīng)受住，平安度過(guò)(困境)
【試題鏈接】 A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.[2002年Text1]
【譯文】一個(gè)人到了天堂，由圣彼得帶著他參觀。他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。
【試題鏈接】 This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather(v.) bad times.[2007年Text3]
【譯文】 這種“附加工人效應(yīng)”可以支持失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)或殘疾保險(xiǎn)所提供的保障制度，以幫助家庭渡過(guò)困難時(shí)期。
2.spectacle
n.①[pl.]眼鏡;②場(chǎng)面，景觀;③奇觀，壯觀
【試題鏈接】 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles (②), which now more than ever seem in ample supply:...[2000年Text5]
【譯文】 相反我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景觀：………
3.Tap
n . ①塞子; ②水龍頭; ③輕打，輕敲;
vt . ①輕打，輕敲;②開(kāi)發(fā)
【試題鏈接】 Someone must have left the tap(n.②) on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
【譯文】 一定有人忘記關(guān)掉水龍頭，因?yàn)樗奶幜魈剩∈胰缤饬怂疄?zāi)。
【試題鏈接】 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap(vt.②) the consumer market.[1999年Text2]
【譯文】 大約在網(wǎng)上交易的第一年當(dāng)中，大部分業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)都是圍繞著努力開(kāi)發(fā)消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)來(lái)進(jìn)行的。
4.stor(e)y
n.①描述;②故事;③報(bào)道;④謊話;⑤樓層
【試題鏈接】 If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story (②).[1999年Text3]
【譯文】 當(dāng)然如果想成為一名計(jì)算機(jī)工程師，事情就完全不同了。
【試題鏈接】 In other words, there is a conventional story (③) line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.[2001年Text3]
【譯文】 換言之，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)中心思路和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
5.sport
n . ①(體育)運(yùn)動(dòng); ②( pl .)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì);
v. ①開(kāi)玩笑;②玩耍; ③賣弄，炫耀
【試題鏈接】 The bodies playing major professional sports(n.①) have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
【譯文】這些年來(lái)在較大的職業(yè)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體狀況發(fā)生了很大的改變，而他們的經(jīng)理人也更愿意調(diào)整隊(duì)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)服來(lái)適應(yīng)隊(duì)員們更大，更高的身材。
【試題鏈接】 Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting(v.③) achievements.[1994年Text4]
【譯文】太多的學(xué)校遵從“不惜一切代價(jià)求勝”的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并以運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)來(lái)衡量其成功。
6.sound
n.聲音，聲響;v.①發(fā)聲，響;②聽(tīng)起來(lái);
a.①健全的，完好的;②正當(dāng)?shù)?，有根?jù)的;③徹底的，充分的
【試題鏈接】 Instead of describing sounds (n.) we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.[2000年Text3]
【譯文】 我們必須造出詞語(yǔ)去模仿聲音，而不應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行描述;我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號(hào)和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長(zhǎng)詞語(yǔ)。
【試題鏈接】 It sounds (v.②) like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.[1997年翻譯]
7.solution
n . ①解答,解決辦法; ②溶解,溶液;
【試題鏈接】 In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions(①) to informational needs become complicated.[1995年Text3]
【譯文】 在這樣一個(gè)不斷變化的復(fù)雜社會(huì)里，以前簡(jiǎn)單地獲取信息的方法變得復(fù)雜了。
【試題鏈接】The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution(②)before they can be taken into the root.(1991年Text 3)
【譯文】來(lái)自于土壤的礦物質(zhì)在被植物根莖吸收之前，必須先溶解于水。
8.Sitting
n. ①就座,入席;②開(kāi)會(huì),開(kāi)庭; a. ①坐著的;②在任期內(nèi)的,現(xiàn)任的
【試題鏈接】 Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting(a.①)) in music halls where rock bands are playing. [1988年Text2]
【譯文】 目前許多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工廠中或噴氣機(jī)的周圍、駕駛農(nóng)場(chǎng)拖拉機(jī)、在演奏搖滾樂(lè)的音樂(lè)廳中工作(或僅僅身處其中)。
【試題鏈接】Says Korn Ferry, senior partner Dennis Carey :“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting(a.②) CEOs first.”[2011年Text2]
【譯文】Korn Ferry，資深合伙人Dennis Carey說(shuō)道：“我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事會(huì)都要求我從那些在任的CEO中尋找人選?！?BR> 9.shell
n . ①殼,貝殼; ② 炮彈
v. (out)付款
【試題鏈接】 If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell(n.①) of our own making.[1995年Text2]
【譯文】 如果我們不能去正視并克服這些內(nèi)在的恐懼和疑慮，如果我們過(guò)于自我保護(hù)，那么我們就會(huì)停止成長(zhǎng)，陷進(jìn)自己營(yíng)造的殼里面。
【試題鏈接】 All he needs to do is shell(v.) our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore— and another $120 to get the results.[2009年Text2]
【譯文】他所要做的就是在當(dāng)?shù)氐乃幍昀锔?30美元買一個(gè)父子關(guān)系測(cè)試包(PTK)，然后再支付 120美元獲得結(jié)果。
10.score
n.①得分，分?jǐn)?shù);②二十;
v.得(分)，記(……的)分?jǐn)?shù)
【試題鏈接】 Anyone who keeps careful score (n.①) knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context.[1995年翻譯]
【譯文】 任何仔細(xì)記分的人都知道，所得到的信息總是不完全的，而且，這些預(yù)測(cè)總是會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤的。應(yīng)該根據(jù)這種觀點(diǎn)去考量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試。
【試題鏈接】 Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score (v.).[1994年Text5]
【譯文】 創(chuàng)新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球員也會(huì)痛失進(jìn)球機(jī)會(huì)，其射門被擋出的機(jī)會(huì)大大多于進(jìn)球的機(jī)會(huì)。
11.school
n.①學(xué)校;②(大學(xué)里的)學(xué)院，系;③學(xué)派，流派
【試題鏈接】 It should be observed, of course, that no school (①), vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.[1999年Text3]
【譯文】 當(dāng)然應(yīng)該看到的是，不管是職業(yè)學(xué)校、還是普通學(xué)校，混淆計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)的目的，都不會(huì)受益。
【試題鏈接】 And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School (②) believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”[2000年Text1]
【譯文】 哈佛商學(xué)院的威廉?薩爾曼相信人們將來(lái)回顧這一時(shí)期時(shí)，會(huì)把它視為“美國(guó)企業(yè)管理的黃金時(shí)代”。
【試題鏈接】 According to the new school (③) of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻譯]
【譯文】 新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，在拓展科學(xué)知識(shí)的范圍方面的技術(shù)是被忽視的力量。
12.railroad
n.鐵路
v. ①由鐵道運(yùn)輸; ②迫使… 倉(cāng)促行事
【試題鏈接】 The railroad(n.) industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.[2003年Text3]
【譯文】 從整體來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然鐵路行業(yè)有耀眼的資產(chǎn)，但它的收入仍然不足以支付為滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)輸需要而進(jìn)行的固定資產(chǎn)投資。
【試題鏈接】 Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad (v.②)you.[2008年新題型]
【譯文】你的提綱應(yīng)該順利地把你從一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)到另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，但不能草率行事。
13.reason
n.①理由，原因;②理性，理智;
v.①推論，推理;②說(shuō)服，評(píng)理;③討論，辯論
【試題鏈接】 That’s one reason (n.①) why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.[2005年新題型]
【譯文】 這就是為什么全國(guó)性藥品名錄還未出臺(tái)的原因，也是藥品價(jià)格居高不下的原因。
【試題鏈接】 And so it does — and all would be well were reason (n.②) the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[1996年Text5]
【譯文】 的確如此——如果理性是創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論和進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的惟一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一切問(wèn)題也就迎刃而解了。
【試題鏈接】 He reasoned (v.①) that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.[2004年翻譯]
【譯文】 他推理到：因?yàn)槿藗兒苋菀子媚骋惶囟ǖ恼Z(yǔ)言形成一些不容混淆的概念，語(yǔ)言的使用者往往會(huì)沿著同一條軌跡思考問(wèn)題。
14.perspective
n.①視角;②透視法;③(in ～)正確地
【試題鏈接】 63. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective (①) brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.[2003年翻譯]
【譯文】 63. 強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料，加上在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使得這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
【試題鏈接】 Not everyone sees that process in (28：perspective) (③) .It is important to do so.[2002年完形]
【譯文】 并不是所有人都能正確看待這一進(jìn)程，雖然了解這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
15.pool
n. ①水池,游泳池; ②合資經(jīng)營(yíng)
v. ①把…集中在一起;②合伙經(jīng)營(yíng),聯(lián)營(yíng)
【試題鏈接】 Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling (v. ①)mutual-fund assets.[2010年Text2]
【譯文】對(duì)于商業(yè)方法訴求的限制是個(gè)戲劇性的徹底變化，因?yàn)檎锹?lián)邦巡回法院自己引進(jìn)了這種專利。那是在 1998 年，對(duì)于所謂的美國(guó)道富銀行的案件中，聯(lián)邦巡回法院做出了判決，批準(zhǔn)了籌集共同基金資產(chǎn)的方法具有專利權(quán)。
2020考研英語(yǔ)：詞匯后綴的概括
為了幫考生度過(guò)背單詞,猜詞義的難關(guān)老師特意為大家總結(jié)了大綱中出現(xiàn)的使用頻率比較高的33個(gè)后綴,希望能助廣大考生一臂之力。
1. -able 形容詞后綴 suitable, flexible, affordable,lovable
2. -age 名詞后綴 postage, shortage, advantage
3. -al 名詞后綴arrival, refusal;-al 形容詞后綴natural, structural
4. -ance, -ence :名詞后綴 importance, appearance, reference
5. -ant, -ent 名詞后綴 applicant, correspondent, .-ant, -ent.形容詞后綴different, important, pleasant
6. -dom 名詞后綴 kingdom, freedom, wisdom
7.–en 動(dòng)詞后綴deepen, fasten;形容詞后綴golden, wooden
8.-ee 名詞后綴,指人employee, interviewee
9.-ery 名詞后綴bravery, slavery
10 .-free 形容詞后綴 “免于”carefree, duty-free
11 .-ful 形容詞后綴careful, painful, beautiful, handful
12.-hood 名詞后綴childhood, manhood
13 .- ion, -ition, -ation名詞后綴collection, observation, imitation, initiation
14.-ity,-ty名詞后綴 purity, cruelty,
15.-ify 動(dòng)詞后綴classify, simplify, purify, justify
16.-ize, -ise動(dòng)詞后綴modernize/modernise, popularize/ popularise, socialize
17.-ic,-ical形容詞后綴 atomic, ironic, psychological, critical
18 .-ish形容詞后綴girlish, childish
19 .-ive形容詞后綴 creative, supportive
20.-less形容詞后綴,含有否定含義hopeless, painless
21.-like 形容詞后綴 “像。。。一樣” childlike, ladylike
22.-ment名詞后綴,movement, retirement
23.–ology 名詞后綴,表示學(xué)科,學(xué)說(shuō),biology, sociology, climatology,
24–ous/ious 形容詞后綴famous, dangerous, poisonous, humorous
25.-ship 名詞后綴friendship, scholarship (獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,學(xué)問(wèn),學(xué)識(shí))
26 .-sion/-ssion 名詞后綴decision, expansion, possession
27 .- some名詞后綴tiresome, troublesome
28.-th名詞后綴growth, width
29. –ure 名詞后綴 表示行為、行為的結(jié)果、狀態(tài)、情況。departure 離開(kāi),出發(fā), pressure壓力,failure 失敗, exposure暴露,揭露
30 . –ward 形容詞及副詞后綴表示“向...的”、“向...”、“朝...” 。downward向下的,朝下, upward向上的,朝上, northward向北的,朝北, southward, inward, seaward, homeward
31. –wards 副詞后綴表示“向...”、“朝...”。downwards 向下,朝下, upwards向下,朝上, northwards向北,朝上, southwards
32. –y 形容詞后綴 表示“多...的、有...的、如...的、屬于...的” rainy, windy, rosy, smoky, bloody, earthy, homey