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2021年考研英語(yǔ):寫(xiě)作容易出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題
一、從詞的層面來(lái)說(shuō),常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題包括
(1)詞性使用錯(cuò)誤。 比如“Some children study very diligent”,這句話中,diligent是形容詞,不能修飾動(dòng)詞study,必須改為diligently 或者h(yuǎn)ard。
(2) 隨意編造詞匯。 在08年的作文中圖畫(huà)展示了兩個(gè)殘疾人互相攙扶,扔掉拐杖的畫(huà)面。有學(xué)生寫(xiě)到“Both of the two men need lamesticks”,顯然,學(xué)生因?yàn)椴挥浀谩肮照取钡挠⒄Z(yǔ)表達(dá),自己生造了lamesticks 這個(gè)詞。實(shí)際上,可用來(lái)表達(dá)“拐杖”的意義的詞很多,比如 stick, walking stick, staff, crutch, cane. 等。實(shí)在不會(huì),也可以用helping tools, exterior supports , walking aids, sticks that help them to walk等間接的表達(dá)方式,無(wú)論如何也不能編造單詞,更不能用漢語(yǔ)拼音Guai Zhang。
二、從句子的層面上來(lái)說(shuō),常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題包括結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤和語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤兩方面
常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤有:
(1)謂語(yǔ)部分錯(cuò)誤,比如系動(dòng)詞缺失和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作謂語(yǔ)部分。如 Our world will bright if everyone shows love to others, 在will和bright中間缺失 be。而像My plan of financial aid including 200 yuan in cash every month to the child 這樣的表達(dá)在學(xué)生的作文中屢見(jiàn)不鮮。
(2) 介詞與連詞、副詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 介詞后面需要接的是名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),連詞連接的是句子,兩個(gè)概念一定要搞清楚。在She is forced to leave school owing to her parents can’t afford tuition 中,owing to 后面是一個(gè)完整的句子,而owing to是個(gè)連詞,所以用在這里是錯(cuò)用的,必須換成because,for等連詞。
(3) 句式糅雜。常常見(jiàn)到學(xué)生在作文中寫(xiě)類(lèi)似下面的句子,There is a young man is asking his barber to cut his hair in David Beckham’s style。
除了結(jié)構(gòu)上的問(wèn)題外,漢語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣也會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生寫(xiě)出很多看似正確,實(shí)則chinglish 的句子,諸如 I am impossible to fulfill the task, A single person’s ability can not solve these problems 之類(lèi)的句子。前一句話中I 與impossible 主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)不搭配,后一句話中主語(yǔ)ability 與 謂語(yǔ)solve不搭配。所以,前者可以改為It is impossible for me to fulfill the task,.后者可以改為 A single person is unable to solve these problems。
三、從段落層面上來(lái)說(shuō),主要是段落內(nèi)部句子與句子之間支持與銜接的問(wèn)題
首先,主題句與支撐句的匹配問(wèn)題。If we let this trend continue, we will go into a big trouble. Firstly, a nationwide campaign should be launched to help students to develop a right attitude towards study. Secondly, the government should reform the traditional education system. 在上面這段話中,首句主題句著眼于問(wèn)題將更加嚴(yán)重化,但支撐句并沒(méi)有圍繞問(wèn)題如何變得嚴(yán)重化展開(kāi),而是重點(diǎn)談?wù)摬扇〉拇胧R虼?,將首句改?we should take effective measures to prevent problems from getting worse 會(huì)使得段內(nèi)內(nèi)容更就中心突出。
其次句子間內(nèi)容的銜接也是十分關(guān)鍵的。 比如下面這段話:As is vividly depicted in the picture, an American girl wears traditional Chinese costume and looks very happy. The American girl is very interested in Chinese girl is very interested in Chinese clothes. The picture reflects cultural exchange. 此段話補(bǔ)充些揭示主題的表達(dá),改為As is vividly depicted in the picture, an American girl wears traditional Chinese costume and looks very happy. Her charming smile indicates that she, a girl deeply influenced by western culture, is very interested in Chinese girl is very interested in Chinese clothes---a symbol of Chinese culture. Amazingly, this picture reflects cultural exchange。
那么,這些問(wèn)題我們改如何解決呢? 詞匯和句式的問(wèn)題屬于語(yǔ)法的范疇,大家需要找一本最基本的語(yǔ)法書(shū),好好鞏固一些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。而漢式英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題則需要大家通過(guò)大量的背誦優(yōu)美的范文來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 至于段落的問(wèn)題,則需要好好總結(jié)考研寫(xiě)作固定的行文套路。