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2021考研英語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)小作文如何審題?
首先，我們來(lái)看這道題。Suppose your university is going to celebrate its 100th anniversary.write an email to former students of your university,providing them with relevant information about the celebration and inviting them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
DO not use your own name in the email;use “Li Ming”instead.(10 points)
1. 通過(guò)”email”判斷應(yīng)用文類(lèi)型為書(shū)信。
2. 通過(guò)”inviting”判斷信件類(lèi)型是邀請(qǐng)信。
3. 通過(guò)”former students of your university”判斷收件人是誰(shuí)，進(jìn)一步判斷稱(chēng)呼為：Dear Sir or Madam,因?yàn)槭占瞬皇蔷唧w地某一個(gè)人，而是一群人。
4. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)為：providing them with relevant information about the celebration 和 inviting them to participate。
5. 署名為L(zhǎng)i Ming
上面這道題的審題相對(duì)而言比較簡(jiǎn)單，接下來(lái)，我們來(lái)看一道比較復(fù)雜的題目。
Suppose Professor Smith published a new book about cultural differences between China and America.Write him an email to
1. congratulate him,and
2. Invite him to deliver a lecture
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
DO not use your own name in the email;use “Li Ming”instead.(10 points)
1.通過(guò)”email”判斷應(yīng)用文類(lèi)型為書(shū)信。
2.通過(guò)”congratulate”判斷信件類(lèi)型是祝賀信,通過(guò)”invite”判斷信件類(lèi)型是邀請(qǐng)信,所以這是一個(gè)祝賀信和邀請(qǐng)信的結(jié)合體。
3.通過(guò)”former students of your university”判斷收件人是誰(shuí)，進(jìn)一步判斷稱(chēng)呼為：Dear Sir or Madam,因?yàn)槭占瞬皇蔷唧w地某一個(gè)人，而是一群人。
4.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)為：congratulate him和 Invite him to deliver a lecture
5.署名為L(zhǎng)i Ming
通過(guò)以上的分析，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)小作文的審題主要是5大步驟，第一判斷應(yīng)用文類(lèi)型，第二判斷書(shū)信類(lèi)型，第三判斷收件人是誰(shuí)，第四判斷署名是誰(shuí)，第五判斷書(shū)信的主要內(nèi)容。如果是通知的話，審題就是由3大步驟構(gòu)成的，第一判斷應(yīng)用文類(lèi)型，如果是通知的話，題干中會(huì)出現(xiàn)notice,announce,announcement這些關(guān)鍵詞，第二判斷通知的主要內(nèi)容，第三判斷署名是誰(shuí)。
總而言之，對(duì)于作文這個(gè)題目而言，審題是我們的第一步，也是非常重要的一步，一旦審題出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，后面的寫(xiě)作就既浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，又得不了分，得不償失?！?BR> 2021年考研英語(yǔ)：作文備考的詞句分析
一、結(jié)果類(lèi)
exert A on B
A-a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact
Eg: Family education may exert a great impact on children’s behavior.
對(duì)于結(jié)果類(lèi)的句子大家都習(xí)慣用“have a great impact/a positive influence on”很少用“exert a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact on”，如果大家以后關(guān)于結(jié)果類(lèi)的句型都用“exert”這個(gè)單詞，是不是給自己的作文加分了呢?
二、見(jiàn)證類(lèi)
The past several years have witnessed .......
Eg: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of cars.
在寫(xiě)作文的時(shí)候我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用到一些背景句，我們?cè)趯?xiě)這一類(lèi)句子的時(shí)候往往會(huì)用人作主語(yǔ)，而更為地道的英語(yǔ)，往往都是用時(shí)間作主語(yǔ)，我們也會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人期刊經(jīng)?？吹筋?lèi)似的表達(dá): The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of parents who wish to send their kids to art classes.
三、重要類(lèi)
Nothing is more important than...
Sth plays quite an important role in...
Eg: Nothing is more important than to protect the environment.
Math,to some extent, plays quite an important role in students’ examination.
四、引出類(lèi)
There is much controversy over the issue of...
Sth has given rise to a heated discussion.
Sth has caused quite a stir among the general public.
As regards sth, there has been a heated discussion among the general public.
Opinions vary greatly when it comes to sth.
其次，英語(yǔ)作文要注意銜接詞的添加，弄清兩個(gè)句子之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系。中國(guó)人寫(xiě)文章比較含蓄，注重意境與內(nèi)隱，如：“我沒(méi)去上學(xué)，我感冒了?！?BR> 而外國(guó)人注重簡(jiǎn)明易懂。如：“I did not go to school because I got the cold.”所以，我們受母語(yǔ)影響，會(huì)忘記銜接詞的使用。
1. 一般情況下，兩個(gè)句子之間，只要不存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，沒(méi)事就使用“and”。
Eg: I have two kids, and both of them are very clever and cute .
2. 表示原因的句子，要用“because/ because of/ in that/due to/ for/ since等。
Eg: I did not go to school because I got the cold.
3. 表示遞進(jìn)的句子，要用“furthermore/ what’s more/ moreover等。
Eg: To begin with, it goes without saying that science and technology has exerted a positive impact on the progress of civilization in the courses of our history. Furthermore/What’s more/Moreover, science and technology allows us to broaden one’s horizon....
4. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句子，要用“but/however/yet/nevertheless/ by contrast/while等。
Eg: Some people maintain that praise should be given to the wealth because they contribute to charity business. While others take it for granted that......
然后，單詞的多樣性，難度。
1. 單詞的多樣性。
在作文中要多用同義轉(zhuǎn)換，這樣會(huì)讓閱卷老師覺(jué)得你的詞匯量很大很豐富。
Eg：people in growing numbers take it granted that taking exercise everyday is beneficial to our body, nevertheless, others maintain that work out, to some extent, might exert a negative influence on ours.
這里的 “taking exercise” 和“work out”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換都是鍛煉的意思。
2. 短語(yǔ)替代單詞
Make a decision 替代decide
3. 單詞的難度
同樣是表達(dá)做某事很重要，有低級(jí)的表達(dá)也有高級(jí)的表達(dá)，所以大家要用些高級(jí)詞匯替代低級(jí)詞匯。
低級(jí)版：it is important that....
高級(jí)版：it is vital/ of great importance/ significant that...
最后，句子的多樣性和長(zhǎng)度。
1. 句子的長(zhǎng)度，定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句，狀語(yǔ)從句，并列詞拉長(zhǎng)句子。
低級(jí)版：some people believe that the wealth have become rich can not leave the others in the society. They should contribute to the society.
高級(jí)版：Those people who hold the first opinion believe the wealth can not get rich without others in the society and they should feedback the society.
這里用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾people，用并列連詞不僅拉長(zhǎng)了句子而且豐富了句子的多樣性，contribute to 和 feedback 為單詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
2. 功能句的應(yīng)用和主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)
低級(jí)版: About these two ideas, I agree the latter one. For one thing, the wealth get their money because they work honestly and legally.
高級(jí)版：weighing up these two arguments, I am inclined to the latter one.For one thing,the wealth’s money is gotten by their honest and legal business.
背景為綠色的為功能句的使用，紅色陰影的為主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)。
3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝句的使用等。
It is high time that we are supposed to...
Only in this way can we ....
綜上所述，要想寫(xiě)好作文，首先，多積累句子的類(lèi)型，其次注意連接詞的使用，然后單詞的使用，包括同義轉(zhuǎn)換，高級(jí)詞匯替代低級(jí)詞匯，最后句子的長(zhǎng)度和多樣性。
2021年考研英語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)作文的翻譯講解
Directions:
In order to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in June, your class is going to hold a celebration that day. Supposing you are the monitor of the class, write a letter to the foreign students in your university to invite them to attend the celebration.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
一、預(yù)測(cè)范文
Dear Friends,
On behalf of Class 3, I warmly welcome you to attend the Dragon Boat Festival celebration.
The Dragon Boat Festival, falling on the 5th of May in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday for family members to gather together.Aside from enjoying the dragon boat racing, Chinese people will also eat the traditional food of festival—zongzi. Considering that some students can not have this yearly reunion with their families, our class decides to hold this celebration to make everyone feel the love and friendship on this special day.
If you are interested in participating in this celebration, please fill your personal information on our school website, www.bfsu.edu.cn. The activity will be held in the Summer Palace from 10:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. on June 12th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
二、參考譯文
親愛(ài)的朋友們：
我代表3班熱烈歡迎你們參加端午節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)。
農(nóng)歷五月初五的端午節(jié)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)節(jié)日，家人會(huì)在那一天相聚。除了欣賞賽龍舟，中國(guó)人也會(huì)吃一種傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日禮物——粽子?？紤]到一些學(xué)生今年無(wú)法和家人團(tuán)聚，我們班決定舉行此次慶?；顒?dòng)使每位同學(xué)都在這個(gè)特別的日子里感受到愛(ài)和友情。
如果你對(duì)這個(gè)活動(dòng)感興趣，請(qǐng)登錄學(xué)校的網(wǎng)站www.bfsu.edu.cn，并填寫(xiě)個(gè)人信息?；顒?dòng)將在6月12日上午10:00至下午4:00在頤和園舉行。
您真誠(chéng)的，
三、亮點(diǎn)詞匯
on behalf of代表 warmly熱烈地 welcome歡迎 attend參加 the Dragon Boat Festival端午節(jié) celebration慶祝 fall on適逢 May五月 lunar calendar農(nóng)歷 traditional傳統(tǒng)的 gather together相聚 aside from除了race比賽 food食物 zongzi粽子 consider考慮到 yearly每年的 reunion團(tuán)聚 decide決定 hold舉行 friendship友誼 special特殊的 participate參與 fill填寫(xiě) personal個(gè)人的 information信息 website網(wǎng)站 activity活動(dòng) the Summer Palace頤和園 June六月
四、點(diǎn)評(píng)
接收任何邀請(qǐng)，都應(yīng)有禮貌、準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)自己的感激，明確顯示出你為受到邀請(qǐng)而高興、熱烈等待赴宴日期。如果必須謝卻邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)十分謹(jǐn)慎，以免冒犯對(duì)方，復(fù)信語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)十分真誠(chéng)，表明你非常惋惜。如果實(shí)在不能接受邀請(qǐng)，也應(yīng)說(shuō)明原因。
五、佳句拓展
1I am counting the days to my weekend with you in Rome.我正在盼望著和你在羅馬共度周末。2I am delighted that you have invited me, and I certainly won’t let anything prevent me from coming.你的邀請(qǐng)使我非常高興，我一定會(huì)風(fēng)雨無(wú)阻。3Please remember to your family, and tell them how sorry I am for failing to join them for the weekend.請(qǐng)向您的家人致意，并告訴他們我不能同他們一起過(guò)周末非常抱歉。