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2020考研英語(yǔ)：長(zhǎng)句小練精講解析8
Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
【分析】
句子的主干為T(mén)om came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾linguistic determinism。在由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，in its strongest form是插入語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞states跟了兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：一是that language imprisons the mind，一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。
【詞匯】
come to 逐漸
state v.闡明
imprisons the mind“禁錮思想 (或思維)”, 注意不能譯成“把大腦 (或思想) 關(guān)進(jìn)牢房”
far reaching深遠(yuǎn)的
consequence影響
【譯文】湯姆逐步開(kāi)始相信某種類(lèi)似語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說(shuō)法是：語(yǔ)言禁錮思維，語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
精講2：
The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【分析】
本句主語(yǔ)的重要詞匯是The great interest in exceptional children，后面是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)shown in public education over the past three decades，其中over the past three decades是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是indicates, 賓語(yǔ)是the strong feeling in our society, that引導(dǎo)分割式同位語(yǔ)從句解釋the strong feeling，從句中all citizens是主語(yǔ)，后面是插入語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)部分是deserve the opportunity to…。
[語(yǔ)法知識(shí)拓展]
分割式同位語(yǔ)從句指的是先行詞和關(guān)系詞之間還帶有其他成分，通常是介詞短語(yǔ)。如何判斷是不是分割式，一是看從句的動(dòng)詞形式，比方說(shuō)I know many places in the world that have their own cultures. 從句中動(dòng)詞是have，顯然前面的名詞是places，不是world。二是根據(jù)句意。
【詞匯】
show great interest in對(duì)…表示強(qiáng)烈的興趣
deserve the opportunity to 享有…的機(jī)會(huì)
【譯文】在過(guò)去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)。
精講3：
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
【分析】
句首是as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其中move away from后面接了三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)their stable community, their friends of many years和their extended family relationships，主句是and連接的兩個(gè)句子組合而成的并列句，前面一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是the informal flow of information，謂語(yǔ)是is cut off，后面一個(gè)句子中，with it是狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是the confidence，后面that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。注意：后面分句本身結(jié)構(gòu)是the confidence that…. is cut off，由于and前后并列，句尾的is cut off被省略。
【詞匯】
stable 穩(wěn)定的
cut off切斷
trustworthy 值得信賴(lài)的
reliable 可靠的
【譯文】隨著家庭離開(kāi)他們?cè)瓉?lái)穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開(kāi)他們多年的朋友和擴(kuò)展的家庭關(guān)系，非正式的信息流動(dòng)被切斷了，隨之而去的是對(duì)在需要時(shí)能獲得可靠和值得信賴(lài)的信息的信心。
精講4：
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
【分析】
the change是主語(yǔ)，and并列兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞met和prevented，the technical requirements of the new age是met的賓語(yǔ)，by引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，the decline in efficiency是prevented的賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
【詞匯】
engage 從事引入或吸引
meet the requirements of the new age滿(mǎn)足新時(shí)代的要求
spoil 損壞 [spare the rod, spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。]
energetic 充滿(mǎn)活力的
【譯文】這種變化過(guò)引入許多的專(zhuān)業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，并且這種變化阻止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)毀掉那些家族公司的財(cái)富。
精講5：
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【分析】
句首是狀語(yǔ)，其中During the discussion of rock singing verses表示對(duì)象，at表示地點(diǎn)，last month's stockholders' meeting是具體的地點(diǎn)，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Levin asserted that….and cited his son，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，a teacher in the Bronx, New York是插入語(yǔ)，也是his son的同位語(yǔ)，who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾his son。
【難詞】
verse詩(shī)篇，在這里是語(yǔ)境含義
stockholder股東
assert宣稱(chēng)
ill是熟詞僻義，表示問(wèn)題
cite sb.以…為例
【譯文】在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，Levin宣稱(chēng)說(shuō)："音樂(lè)不是社會(huì)問(wèn)題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個(gè)教師，并用說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)與學(xué)生們進(jìn)行溝通。