2020年考研英語語法:指示代詞

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    2020年考研英語語法:指示代詞
    (一)this,that和these,those
    指示代詞this和that的復數(shù)形式分別為these和those,在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語,this和these表示較近的空間或時間,that和those表示較遠的空間和時間。
    例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
    分析: 該句是并列句。
    譯文: 過去林業(yè)工人多半是男人,可如今從事這一行業(yè)的婦女人數(shù)在增加。
    例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62題)
    分析: 該句是復合句,主句為We are obliged to them。because引導一個狀語從句,定語從句who spoke them修飾the peoples,as引導的句子可以看做插入語,補充說明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
    譯文: 我們之所以感激他們(兩位先驅(qū)),是因為在此以后,這些語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復存在了,這是由于使用這些語言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。
    (二)指示代詞that和those也可用于比較結(jié)構(gòu),表示前面提到的東西,避免重復
    例句: The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half that of last year's. (1996年第7題)
    分析: 該句是簡單句,本句的主語是單數(shù)名詞number,因此后面指代它的代詞只能是單數(shù)that,謂語用單數(shù)。
    譯文: 今年登記參加馬拉松賽跑的人數(shù)是去年的一半。
    例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47題)
    分析: 該句是復合句,主句為His function is analogous to that of a judge。定語從句who must accept...修飾a judge,介詞短語in as obvious a matter as possible作狀語,用來說明reveal的方式,另一個定語從句which led him to his decision修飾the course of reasoning。
    譯文: 他的職責與法官相似,必須承擔這樣的責任: 用盡可能明了的方式來展示自己作出決定的推理過程。
    例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
    譯文: 這些束花比昨天我們買的那些花漂亮多了。
    (三)指示代詞such在句中作主語、表語和定語
    例句: Such is what you want me to do.
    Such are the meanings of authentic love.
    (such作表語時,往往置于句首)
    注意: such用作定語時和副詞so的區(qū)別在前面副詞一節(jié)中已提到。
    (四)指示代詞same的用法
    在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,其前與定冠詞the連用。
    例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (選自1996年Cloze Test)
    分析: 該句是復合句。
    譯文: 因為是由同樣的元素構(gòu)成——通常是碳、氫、氧,有時還有氮,所以各種維生素都很相似。
    2020年考研英語語法:疑問代詞
    疑問代詞用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句,其中who(whom/whose)指人,what指物,which指選擇對象。
    例句: What's the difference between love and fondness or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? (選自2007年Text 2)
    分析: 該句是由or連接的兩個簡單句(特殊疑問句)。
    譯文: 愛情與喜歡有什么區(qū)別,幸運和巧合的本質(zhì)是什么?
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