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2020考研英語：同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
首先，同位語從句中連接詞that在句子中不作句子成分，沒有具體含義，只起連接作用，它的作用可以解釋為一個冒號;而定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，它在句子中是充當(dāng)成分的。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別具體如下：
1. 被修飾的詞不同：同位語從句的前面一般是表示抽象意義的名詞(通常有：news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, massage, suggestion, possibility, order, truth, proposal, belief);而定語從句的先行詞一般指人或指物。例如：
However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. (2009年Text 3)【同位語從句】
Homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night.(2006年完形)【定語從句】
2. 從句的作用不同：同位語從句表示的是先行詞的具體內(nèi)容;定語從句是對先行詞的限制、描繪或說明。
Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. (2010年完形)【同位語從句】
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. (2003年完形)【定語從句】
3. 引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同：引導(dǎo)同位語的that是連詞，在從句中不作成分;而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞，從從句中作成分。
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. (2011年Text 3)【同位語從句】
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (2008年Text 4)【定語從句】
4. 判斷同位語從句和定語從句的方法：同位語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成先行詞的表語，因為同位語從句是用來說明被修飾的名詞的具體內(nèi)容的;而定語從句則不能這樣轉(zhuǎn)換。
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. (2005年Text 3)【同位語從句】
Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. (2004年完形)【定語從句】
以上就是中公考研英語老師為大家整理的同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，看完這幾點，你能分清楚這兩者之間的區(qū)別了嗎?大家只要記住以上幾點，在實際做題中多分析例句，就能夠迎刃而解了。希望以上幾點對各位學(xué)子有幫助。