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2020考研英語體系：連接詞詞匯
連接詞是英語中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，它們連接英語的句子和段落，使文章流暢自然，使英語句子與句子之間，段落與段落之間的關(guān)系一目了然。英語中連接詞分為兩大類：連詞性連接詞(即連詞)和副詞性連接詞。
一、連詞性連接詞(連詞)
連詞用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子。連詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，也沒有詞形變化。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。
(一)并列連詞
并列連詞用來連接句子中擔(dān)任相同成分的詞、短語或分句。常見的有七個(gè)單詞和四個(gè)短語：and, but, or, for(因?yàn)?, nor, so, yet both…and…, not only….but also…., either…or…., neither…nor
1. and用來連接詞、短語或分句，表示并列或?qū)ΨQ關(guān)系：
The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. 那個(gè)人穿上外衣、戴上帽子，走出了辦公室。
A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽車和字典都有用處。
I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了，而約翰呆在那里。
2. but連接兩個(gè)含義不同甚至相反的詞、短語或分句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折：
Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每個(gè)人都跟湯姆一樣誠實(shí)肯干。
We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我們嘗試去說服她，但沒有順利。
3. or表示兩者居其一，表示選擇：
Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪個(gè)VCD更好，這個(gè)還是那個(gè)?
Are you hungry or not? 你餓了沒有?
4 .for(因?yàn)?只能放在表示結(jié)過的分句后面，引導(dǎo)表示原因的分句：
I must be going, for it’s getting dark. 我須走了，因?yàn)樘旌诹恕?BR> He didn’t go there, for he was ill. 他沒到那兒去，因?yàn)樗×恕?BR> 5. both…and…只能用來連接兩個(gè)并列的詞或短語，不能連接句子：
His plan is both easy and practical. 他的計(jì)劃既容易又實(shí)用。
Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 張藝謀是一位在國內(nèi)外都著名的導(dǎo)演。
Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 這架飛機(jī)的機(jī)身和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都是中國制造的。
6. not only…but also…不但能連接詞和短語，而且還能連接分句,also 有時(shí)省略(注意not only 位于句首時(shí)，主語和謂語需要倒裝)：
He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不僅是演員，而且是作家。
He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但讀過，而且記住了所有讀過的東西。
Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但說了，而且做了。(倒裝)
Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 護(hù)士們不但要求加工資，而且還要求縮短工時(shí)。(倒裝)
7. either…or…表示選擇，“或者…或者…”、“不是….就是…”的意思(注意either…or…整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)句子中的動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語相一致)：
Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。
Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他將獲得這份工作。
Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽車或者自行車嗎?
If you’re late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果遲到了，你應(yīng)該立即或事后向主人道歉。
8. neither…nor…表示“既不….又不…”的意思(注意neither…nor…整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語一致)：
Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 學(xué)生們和我都還沒有準(zhǔn)備好。
He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不圖名又不圖利。
The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 這個(gè)女孩既不會(huì)說也不會(huì)寫那種語言。
9. so(因此)，引導(dǎo)表示結(jié)過的分句，原因分句在前(與for相反)：
It’s getting dark, so I must be going. 天黑了，因此我得走了。
I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night. 我頭痛，于是昨晚很早就睡了。
10. yet (然而)，有時(shí)和and 一起用，表示吃驚、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，相當(dāng)于but at the same time, however, nevertheless:
She’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. 她是個(gè)瘋瘋癲癲的女孩，然而你卻禁不住喜歡她。
He worked hard, yet he failed. 他很努力，然而卻失敗了。
It’s strange, yet it’s true. 這事有點(diǎn)怪，卻是真的。
It is only a little shop and yet it always has such lovely decorations. 那只是個(gè)小店，卻總是有漂亮的裝飾。
(二)從屬連詞：引導(dǎo)從句
1. 連詞that, if, whether，連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose以及連接副詞how, when, why, where可用來引導(dǎo)名詞從句，充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。非正式文體中的賓語從句常省略that：
I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我認(rèn)為他一小時(shí)后就會(huì)回來。
Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他們是誰沒什么大關(guān)系。
Can you tell me where he is? 你能告訴我他在哪兒嗎?
He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問我是否認(rèn)識(shí)約翰。
此外，that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2. 連詞when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句：
She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的時(shí)候，和我打了招呼。
I’ll wait here until you come back. 我將在這里等你回來。
3. 連詞if, unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句because, as, since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：
I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我，我就幫助她。
I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我，否則我不會(huì)幫她。
He didn’t come because he was ill. 因?yàn)樗×耍詻]來。
As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他還沒有出現(xiàn)，我們就先開始吧。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了，咱們就開始吧。
4. 連詞in order than, so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：
I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把門鎖上了，以便我們可以繼續(xù)討論而不受打擾。
The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽車跑得那么快，我沒看清誰坐在里面。
5. 連詞than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用來引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句：
He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。
He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一樣好。
He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他沒有他兄弟受的教育好。
6. 連詞although, though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句where, wherever 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句：
I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪兒，我就去那兒。
Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 盡管她富有，但她并不幸福。
Stay where you are! 原地別動(dòng)!
一般來說，連詞性質(zhì)的連接詞連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，兩個(gè)分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。
二、副詞性連接詞
副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞不能象連詞一樣分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。也就是說它們不能連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)從句。它們引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的句子之間要用分號(hào)或句號(hào)，而它們與引導(dǎo)的句子之間往往用逗號(hào)。副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞在寫作中常常使用，主要分為以下幾類：
1. 表示順序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等，尤其要注意then：
誤：He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.
正：He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.(=He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.)
2. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 與in addition to 的區(qū)別：in addition 是副詞性質(zhì)而in addition to 是介詞性質(zhì)，后面須接賓語
3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 當(dāng)成連詞：
誤：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.
正：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). However, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.