考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是該注意的，下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語：精品詞匯的辨析(1)”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語：精品詞匯的辨析(1)
abnormal, uncommon
abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕見)，指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常，高的時(shí)候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。
uncommon a.罕見的，不平常的，指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況特別的，出色的。
Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國非常罕見。
That is uncommon instant coffee it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘，味道好極了!
abide, adhere, conform, comply
abide v.后接by表示 “遵守，同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅(jiān)持粘附”也經(jīng)常被考到。)
Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服從”，用于正式的場合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。
abstract, digest, outline, summary
這一組名詞都有“要點(diǎn)，摘要”的意思。
abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指對學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡述。
I have read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。
digest n. (篇幅較長的)摘要，文摘，它是對原文的濃縮而不是對原文的簡單解釋，濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。
Reader's Digest《讀者文摘》
outline n.要點(diǎn)，大綱，概要
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.
她把自己要談的想法列了一個提綱。
summary n.總結(jié)，摘要，指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點(diǎn)，不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。
absurd, ridiculous
這一組形容詞都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。
absurd a.荒謬的，可笑的，指因不符合常識、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。
There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因?yàn)橛廾翢o知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄，含有蔑視成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個國家的飲食來評價(jià)該國家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
accent, tone, dialect
accent n.口音，指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。
tone n.語氣，音調(diào)，指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。
dialect n.方言，土語，地方話，指一個地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。
the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言
accommodate, afford, furnish
accommodate v.提供住宿、房間適應(yīng)，迎合，遷就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望，連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。
afford v.負(fù)擔(dān)，支付當(dāng)“提供”講時(shí)，多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.
從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識，然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內(nèi)容變成自己的東西。
accomplishment, attainment, achievement
accomplishment n.成功，成就才藝，修養(yǎng)。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.
對于登山運(yùn)動員來說，爬上了那座山就是成功。
Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.
畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。
attainment n.指學(xué)識和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù))達(dá)到，到達(dá)。
a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學(xué)者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具體的“成績”，與accomplishment是同義詞。
acute, critical, crucial, urgent
acute a.劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。
critical a.意為"關(guān)鍵的"，表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，與crucial相似。
與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對缺乏的或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量還指"批判性的，分析性的
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會不及格的。
crucial a.意為"決定性的，緊要關(guān)頭的，至關(guān)重要的"，最為籠統(tǒng)，適用于上述兩種情況。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。
urgent a.意為"緊迫的，急迫的，緊要的"，它不強(qiáng)調(diào)所指的問題是重要的，僅強(qiáng)調(diào)"緊急的"狀態(tài)。
We have an urgent need for help we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助，我們的水就快要用光了。
2021考研英語：備考長句的翻譯
A full stop is used at the end of an idea or thought, and is an important rule in proper grammar. But text messages are changing the rules, as a new study finds digital messages ending with one aren’t sincere. The results suggest skipping punctuation altogether, as it indicates you are answering spontaneously and heartfelt.
句號用在一個意思或想法的結(jié)束處，這在語法中是一個重要的原則。但是短信的使用正在改變這些規(guī)則。新研究表明，帶句號的短信顯得不真誠。該研究認(rèn)為，發(fā)信息時(shí)應(yīng)該略去所有的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，因?yàn)檫@樣才顯得你的回復(fù)自然、走心。
Binghamton University’s Harpur College observed 126 students, who read a series of messages displayed as texts on a screen or handwritten notes on loose-leaf paper, which were similar to notes students passed around before texting was available.
美國賓厄姆頓大學(xué)哈波學(xué)院對126名學(xué)生進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，讓他們閱讀顯示在屏幕上的短信或者寫在活頁上的便簽(類似短信出現(xiàn)前，學(xué)生們傳信息時(shí)常用的那種)。
In the 16 experimental exchanges, the sender’s message contained a statement followed by an invitation phrased as a question such as, ‘Dave gave me his extra ticket. Wanna come?’ The receiver then gave a one-word response like ‘Okay’, ‘Sure’, ‘Yeah’ or ‘Yup’. Half of the participants’ responses were with a full stop and the other half did not use it.
在這16組試驗(yàn)中，發(fā)送者發(fā)出去的短信含一個陳述句及一個問句邀請，比如，“戴夫把多出的一張票給我了，你去嗎?”收信者給出一個詞的回復(fù)，比如“好啊”、“當(dāng)然可以”、“嗯”或者“好噠”。受試者中有一半人的回復(fù)以句號結(jié)尾，另一半則沒有。
Based on the responses, text messages that ended with a full stop were rated less sincere than text messages that did not end with a period. The students who read the notes on the paper reported that full stop or not, they felt the message was sincere. These results suggest that punctuation can misconstrue or influence the meaning of text messages.
根據(jù)反饋，以句號結(jié)尾的短信被認(rèn)為不如不帶句號的真誠。而閱讀便簽的受試者則認(rèn)為，不管有沒有句號，內(nèi)容都是一樣的真誠。該結(jié)果表明，標(biāo)點(diǎn)可以使短信的意思被曲解或受到影響。
The study concludes, ‘not so much that the period is used to convey a lack of sincerity in text messages, but that punctuation is one of the cues used by senders, and understood by receivers, to convey pragmatic and social information.’
研究總結(jié)道，“與其說句號使短信顯得缺乏真誠，不如說標(biāo)點(diǎn)是發(fā)送者使用、接受者所理解的線索之一，這種線索透露出實(shí)用的交流信息?！?BR> ‘Texting is lacking many of the social cues used in actual face-to-face conversations,’ said Celia Klin, associate professor of psychology and associate dean at Binghamton University’s Harpur College.
“短信中少了許多面對面交流才有的交流線索，”賓厄姆頓大學(xué)哈波學(xué)院副院長、心理學(xué)副教授西莉亞·科林如是說。
‘When speaking, people easily convey social and emotional information with eye gaze, facial expressions, tone of voice, pauses, and so on.’
“面對面講話時(shí)，借助眼神、面部表情、語調(diào)、停頓等線索，人們能很容易傳達(dá)出交流信息和情緒信息?！?BR> ‘People obviously can’t use these mechanisms when they are texting.’
“很明顯，發(fā)短信時(shí)沒有這些媒介?！?BR> ‘Thus, it makes sense that texters rely on what they have available to them -- emoticons, deliberate misspellings that mimic speech sounds and, according to our data, punctuation.’
“因此，發(fā)送方就需要依靠現(xiàn)有的東西––‘表情符號’、‘借用錯別字?jǐn)M聲’以及我們剛剛過數(shù)據(jù)指出的‘標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號’?！?BR> Recently, Klin’s team conducted a follow-up study and found that text response with an exclamation mark is interpreted as more sincere.
近，科林的團(tuán)隊(duì)還進(jìn)行了一個補(bǔ)充研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶有感嘆號的回復(fù)被認(rèn)為更真誠。
‘That’s not surprising, but it broadens our claim,’ said Klin.
科林說：“這一點(diǎn)并不奇怪，而且還進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)充了我們的研究成果。”
‘Punctuation is used and understood by texters to convey emotions and other social and pragmatic information.’
“發(fā)信息者用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號來表達(dá)感情和其他實(shí)用社交信息?！?BR> ‘Given that people are wonderfully adept at communicating complex and nuanced information in conversations, it’s not surprising that as texting evolves, people are finding ways to convey the same types of information in their texts.’
“鑒于人們非常擅于在聊天中傳達(dá)復(fù)雜和微妙的信息，所以不難?，隨著短信的發(fā)展，人們將會找到能在短信中傳達(dá)以上信息的手段?！?BR> 2021考研英語：閱讀重要短語的解析(10)
1.force…on把…強(qiáng)加給…
2.in the form of以…形式
3.be fortunate in幸運(yùn),有好運(yùn)氣
4.free of charge免費(fèi)
5.be freed from免受,沒有…
6.in front of在…前面in the front of在…前部
7.furnish…with (=supply)向…提供
8.in general (=in most cases, usually)通常
9.catch (or get) a glimpse of瞥見(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) take a glance (or look) at看一眼(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)
10.be good for對…有好處;對…有作用;be good at擅長于; be good to對…好
11.in good time (=early)早早地(做完.到達(dá)等)
12.for good (=for ever)永遠(yuǎn)地,長期地
13.take…for granted (=assume to be true)把…認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的.
14.be grateful to sb. for sth因…感謝某人
15.on the ground (s) fo (=because of)由于…
16.fall to the ground (計(jì)劃.希望等)失敗,落空
17.on one's guard (against)謹(jǐn)防,警惕;(be) on guard站崗
18.guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止guard…against警衛(wèi)…防止
19.guess at猜,估計(jì)
20.by guess靠猜
21.be guilty of犯有…罪或過失
22.be in the habit of習(xí)慣于
23.break off (a habit)改掉(某種習(xí)慣)
24.break sb. of (a habit)使某人改掉(某習(xí)慣)
25.get (fall) into the habit of養(yǎng)成了…的習(xí)慣
26.come to a halt (=stop)停止;停住
27.at hand在手邊,眼前(附近)
28.by hand用手工(做)
29.hand in glove (with)狼狽為*,密切合作
30.in hand 1)在手邊2)(=under control)控制住