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2021考研英語：閱讀難句練習(xí)精選二
六、狀語從句
【難句】1. The engines would have variable nozzles, which would be fully opened on take-off and landing, so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet, and narrowed when the aircraft was cruising, providing the necessary speed. (The Economist Nov. 9, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句為The engines would have variable nozzles。其后的定語從句比較復(fù)雜，以逗號后and為切入點(diǎn)，得到which would be fully opened…and narrowed…，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞nozzles在從句中作主語。其中so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet說明(nozzles)would be fully opened on take-off and landing情況發(fā)生時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，句末的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)providing the necessary speed 作(nozzles)would be narrowed when the aircraft was cruising情況發(fā)生時(shí)的伴隨結(jié)果，其中when引導(dǎo)的從句作時(shí)間狀語。
【參考譯文】 引擎將配有各種各樣的尾噴管，在起飛和降落時(shí)這些尾噴管會全部打開，這樣噴氣速度會下降，噪音也會更小;而在飛機(jī)巡航過程中，尾噴管將變小以保證必要的飛行速度。
【難句】2. If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 以連詞for為切入點(diǎn)，得到兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，分別為If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact和for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU。前一分句中，if引導(dǎo)從句If it decides in favour作條件狀語;后一分句中，謂語affect的賓語部分使用了not just…but…結(jié)構(gòu)，句末的定語從句that fly into and out of the EU修飾先行詞those。
【參考譯文】 如果意見是肯定的，那么整個(gè)民航業(yè)將受到影響，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)方案不僅影響歐洲的航線，同樣也對到達(dá)歐洲和飛離歐洲的航線產(chǎn)生作用。
【難句】3. The business director concentrates on planning and practicality, whether it’s deciding how to change a company’s business strategy or ensuring that everyone attending a meeting can see the overhead projector. (The Sunday Times Jan. 11, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句的主句在逗號前The business director concentrates on planning and practicality，后面的讓步狀語從句由whether引導(dǎo)。在從句中，由or并列了兩個(gè)謂語be deciding 和ensuring。decide的賓語由how to do的形式充當(dāng)，ensure的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性that everyone attending a meeting can see the overhead projector構(gòu)成，注意everyone的后置定語是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以還原成一個(gè)定語從句，who is attending…
【參考譯文】 商業(yè)導(dǎo)演集中于計(jì)劃和實(shí)施，不管是決定怎樣改變一個(gè)公司的商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，還是保證每位參加會議的人都能看到頭頂?shù)姆庞硻C(jī)。
【難句】4. Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university. (Times Online Jan. 11, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 以but為切入點(diǎn)，定位本句為兩個(gè)并列分句Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline…句末部分的provided引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university，翻譯為“假如……”。
【參考譯文】 有些工作需要特別的資格，但大多數(shù)的一流雇主會采取某種程度的原則，即你要在一個(gè)不錯的大學(xué)獲得一流或上流的成績。
【難句】5. Even if the actual instances of mailroom-to-boardroom ascendancy are one in a million, it’s pleasant to think that somewhere out there is a person pushing a mail cart or answering phones who will one day run the company. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 逗號前為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Even if the actual instances of mailroom to boardroom ascendancy are one in a million，翻譯為“盡管……”，主句為it’s pleasant to…，其中it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。在不定式中，think 的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)。在此從句中，使用了there be句型there is a person…，person后有兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作的后置定語 pushing a mail cart和 answering phones…這兩個(gè)定語由or并列，句末的定語從句 who will one day run the company也修飾先行詞person，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中代替person作主語。
【參考譯文】 盡管從傳達(dá)室轉(zhuǎn)到董事會的實(shí)際例證只有百萬分之一的比率，但猜想在這之外的某個(gè)地方有一個(gè)開郵車的人或是接電話的人某天會掌管一個(gè)公司是件令人高興的事。
2021考研英語：閱讀難句練習(xí)精選一
一、定語從句
【難句】1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位語，句末的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators來修飾先行詞a nascent industry，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。
【參考譯文】 他談到了眾人對移動電視的巨大興趣，這是一個(gè)在電信和媒體領(lǐng)域有交叉的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，它給設(shè)備制造商、電視內(nèi)容制作者以及移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商提供了新的機(jī)遇。
【難句】2. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”， “Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句使用了分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，體現(xiàn)了非限制性定語從句分隔，從句which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October修飾主語Apple Computer(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語)分隔了主語和系動詞。連接后得到Meanwhile, Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows…其中that又引導(dǎo)定語從句that can be purchased for viewing on the device…修飾先行詞shows(關(guān)系代詞that在從句作主語，從句中使用了被動語態(tài))，句末的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)including “Lost”， “Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”作伴隨狀語，表明range of shows的具體內(nèi)容。
【參考譯文】與此同時(shí)，蘋果電腦公司在10月發(fā)售了一款可以觀看電視的便攜式音樂播放器iPod，這個(gè)播放器大大幫助了電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大其可以供用戶購買的、用于在移動終端的節(jié)目范圍， 包括《迷失》、《絕望的主婦》以及《法律與秩序》。
【難句】3. Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law, which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry. (The Economist Sep. 21, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主句為Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law，使用了such…that…結(jié)構(gòu);關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry，修飾先行詞formulae such as Moore’s law，which在從句中作主語。
【參考譯文】的確，有些技術(shù)的進(jìn)步是以一種可預(yù)測的節(jié)奏進(jìn)行著，它們遵循摩爾定律般簡單的公式，好比是半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。
【難句】4. Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way. (The Economist May 27, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】以and為切入點(diǎn)，本句包含兩個(gè)并列分句。注意前一分句省略了和后一分句相同的主語they(指代網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售商)。后一分句中，they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships是主句，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way，which指代上文的一整句話。
【參考譯文】網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售商通過訪問大量的網(wǎng)站去尋找一部車，然后就會把你的名字提供給當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)銷商，這又會讓你重回到以前那種購車模式所帶來的困擾中。
【難句】5. Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句為Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN，其后的定語從句which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修飾先行詞UN，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，注意這里project作動詞用，譯為“指出”，且從句里使用了比較級。
【參考譯文】聯(lián)合國有關(guān)報(bào)告指出，即便是中國，到2030年初期人口也將開始遞減。這份報(bào)告同時(shí)還指出，到2050年，將有50個(gè)國家的人口低于今天的水平。
【難句】6. That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. (The Economist Jun.18, 2006)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句的主句That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中表語由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，定語從句which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals修飾先行詞video games，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞video games在從句中作主語，這里使用了被動語態(tài)be accused of，在翻譯時(shí)我們譯成主動。
【參考譯文】 對于當(dāng)今時(shí)代那些控訴電視游戲使年輕人變成暴力罪犯的批評者們，歷史最終也將對他們作出同樣的批判。
【難句】7. Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about “engagement”， which comes down to getting employees excited about the work they’re doing and its contribution to the company. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干一目了然：Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about “engagement”，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which comes down to getting employees excited about…。修飾先行詞engagement，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。介詞about后有兩個(gè)賓語the work and its contribution，其中work的修飾語由一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句they’re doing充當(dāng)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，contribution則由后置的介詞短語修飾。
【參考譯文】管理和人力資源群體花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來談?wù)摗皡⑴c”，激發(fā)雇員對他們的工作和為公司做貢獻(xiàn)的興趣。
【難句】8. To make the technology as simple as possible, Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices—be it PCs, TVs, or set—top boxes. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首的不定式短語To make the technology as simple as possible作全句的目的狀語。主句為Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software…。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that can be used across all their devices修飾先行詞software，that在從句中作主語，并且使用了被動語態(tài)。第一個(gè)破折號后面是對across all their devices的具體說明，注意這里采用了whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句省略whether的特殊形式be it PCs, TVs, or set。第二個(gè)破折號后top boxes是對software的最終闡釋，我們?nèi)サ糁虚g讓步狀語作的分隔成分，可以連接全句為Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices—top boxes。
【參考譯文】為了讓科技盡可能的簡單，索尼、惠普和其他銷售者最終開發(fā)了可以在所有裝置上使用的軟件——不論是個(gè)人電腦、電視機(jī)或是數(shù)字解碼器——這種軟件就是機(jī)頂盒。
【難句】9. On the face of it, that doesn’t seem especially surprising: we feel strong emotion at important events, which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是典型的冒號前為主句，冒號后作解釋說明的實(shí)例。句首部分On the face of it為全句的狀語，主句部分為that doesn’t seem especially surprising，這里seem采用了系動詞的用法。注意形容詞surprising指物的-ing使用。冒號后we feel strong emotion at important events是對主句的解釋說明，非限制性定語從句which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。注意which后的be動詞使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are，聯(lián)系上文，我們不難判斷出它指代 important events。
【參考譯文】乍看起來，那似乎不會使我們特別吃驚：在重大事件上我們會感到強(qiáng)烈的感情沖擊——重大事件顯然比平常日子讓人記憶深刻。
【難句】10. An animal that can remember the significance of that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws will survive longer and produce more offspring. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句，句子的主干為An animal will survive longer and produce more offspring。主語animal后接關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞代替animal在從句中作主語。在從句里，謂語動詞 remember的賓語是the significance，它的后置定語為that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws;介詞短語with the big teeth and sharp claws補(bǔ)充說明thing的特點(diǎn)。
【參考譯文】一種動物只有記住了長相丑惡(具有巨大牙齒和鋒利爪子)且身體龐大的重要性，才能生存長久并繁殖更多的后代。
【難句】11. Women who live in areas of high air pollution, exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires, are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study. (The Guardian Feb. 1, 2007)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。主語Women后是定語從句 who live in areas of high air pollution，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中代替women作主語，系表部分are at increased risk of heart disease and death被分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(表被動)作的后置定語exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires分隔，由于定語部分較長，在翻譯時(shí)我們可以譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu);句子末尾的according to a study作全句的狀語。
【參考譯文】一項(xiàng)研究表明，生活在嚴(yán)重空氣污染地區(qū)的女性，暴露在車輛尾氣、燃煤發(fā)電廠、森林火災(zāi)所產(chǎn)生和排放的無形的微小顆粒中，越來越容易患心臟病，甚至?xí)虼酥苯訉?dǎo)致死亡。
2021考研英語：備考重點(diǎn)詞匯背誦篇一
1. parliamentary adj. 議會的
2 .territory n. 領(lǐng)土, 版圖, 地域
3 incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矯正地
4 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悅誠服的
5 flashed vi.閃光, 閃現(xiàn), 反射, 使迅速
6 pick up v.掘地, 撿起, 獲得, 使恢復(fù)精神, 加快, 看到, 隨便地認(rèn)識, 加速
7 bulletin n.公告, 報(bào)告
8 import n.進(jìn)口貨(常用復(fù)數(shù)), 進(jìn)口, 輸入, 意思, 重要性
vt.輸入, 進(jìn)口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入
9 sink in 被了解
10 implication n.牽連, 含意, 暗示
11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厲害的
12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙
13 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走, 翻回到, 重新提到, 折轉(zhuǎn), 擋住
14 euthanasia n.安樂死
15 dominoes 多米諾
16 injection n.注射, 注射劑, (毛細(xì)血管等的)充血, (人造衛(wèi)星, 宇宙飛船等的)射入軌道
17 diagnose v.診斷
18 terminally adv.末尾, 一定時(shí)期地
19 resident n.居民 adj.居住的, 常駐的
20 haunting adj.常浮現(xiàn)于腦海中的, 不易忘懷的
21 spiritual adj.精神上的
22 claw n.爪, 腳爪 v.抓
23 consistently 一貫地， 一向， 始終如一地
24 deserve vt.應(yīng)受, 值得 v.應(yīng)受
25 dull adj.感覺或理解遲鈍的, 無趣的, 呆滯的, 陰暗的
vt.使遲鈍, 使陰暗, 緩和
vi.變遲鈍, 減少
26 loneliness n.孤獨(dú), 寂寞
27 welcome n.歡迎 vt.歡迎 int.歡迎 adj.受歡迎的
28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒蕪的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的
29 frontier n.國境, 邊疆, 邊境
30 charitable adj.仁慈的, (為)慈善事業(yè)的,寬恕的
31 impulse n.推動, 刺激, 沖動, 推動力 vt.推動
32 weary adj.疲倦的, 厭倦的, 令人厭煩的, 疲勞 v.疲倦, 厭倦, 厭煩
33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情
34 casual adj.偶然的, 不經(jīng)意的, 臨時(shí)的
35 interpret v.解釋, 說明, 口譯, 通譯, 認(rèn)為是...的意思
36 superficial adj.表面的, 膚淺的, 淺薄的
37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原產(chǎn)地的
38 historically 在歷史上, 從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說
39 complex adj.復(fù)雜的, 合成的, 綜合的 n.聯(lián)合體
40 assumption n.假定, 設(shè)想, 擔(dān)任, 承當(dāng), 假裝, 作態(tài)
41 interrelationship 相互關(guān)系[聯(lián)系, 影響], 干擾
42 fail to 未能...
43 draw v.拉, 曳, 牽, 畫, 繪制, 拖曳
vt.汲取, 領(lǐng)取, 提取, 引起, 吸引
vi.向...移動, 挨近
n.平局, 和局, 拖曳
翻譯部分：
1. monetary adj.貨幣的, 金錢的
2. precise adj.精確的, 準(zhǔn)確的 n.精確
3. inflation n.脹大, 夸張, 通貨膨脹, (物價(jià))暴漲
4. have any effect on 對…有影響
5. analogy n.類似, 類推
6. steering n.*縱, 掌舵, 指導(dǎo)
7. disadvantages n.不利, 不利條件, 缺點(diǎn), 劣勢
8. boast n.自夸, 值得夸耀的事物 v.自夸, 以有...而自豪
9. average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均數(shù), 海損
adj.一般的, 通常的, 平均的
vt.平均為, 均分, 使平衡, 達(dá)到平均水平
vi.買進(jìn), 賣出
10. digit n.阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字, 手指或足趾, 一指寬(約四分之三英寸)
11. forecasters n.預(yù)報(bào)員
12. panel n.面板, 嵌板, 儀表板, 座談小組, 全體陪審員 vt.嵌鑲板
13. consistently 一貫地， 一向， 始終如一地
14. favourable adj.贊成的, 稱許的, 有利的, 順利的 n.有利
15. conventional adj.慣例的, 常規(guī)的, 習(xí)俗的, 傳統(tǒng)的
16. slack n.松弛, 靜止, 淡季, 閑散, 家常褲
adj.松弛的, 不流暢的, 疏忽的, 軟弱的, 漏水的, 呆滯的, 懶散的
adv.馬虎地, 緩慢地
vt.使松弛, 使緩慢, 馬虎從事
vi.松懈, 減弱, 松馳
17. utilization n.利用
18. take off v.拿掉, 取消, 脫衣, 起飛, 減弱, 離開, 岔開, 復(fù)制
19. proved 被證實(shí)的
20. thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 顫動的, 發(fā)抖的
21. defective adj.有缺陷的, (智商或行為有)欠缺的 n.有缺陷的人, 不完全變化動詞