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2021考研英語：英語備考之單詞辨析(2)
WORD
affluent a. 富裕的，富足的
aftermath n. 后果，余波
aggravate vt. 1.加重 2.激怒，使惱火
aggregate n. 總數(shù)，合計 a. 總計的，合計 vt. 1.總計達(dá)，合計 2.使聚集，使積聚
in the aggregate 總共，作為總體
agitate vi. (for,against)煽動，鼓動 vt. 1.攪動，搖動 2.使焦慮不安
agony n. (極度的)痛苦，創(chuàng)痛
agreeable a. 1.令人愉快的，愜意的 2.(欣然)同意的，樂意的
aide n. 助手，副官
ailment n. 小病，疾病
air-conditioning n. 空調(diào)設(shè)備，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)
aisle [ail] n. 過道，通道
album n. 粘貼簿，集郵簿，像冊
alcoholic a. 1.酒精的，含酒精的 2.由酒精引起的 n. 酗酒者
alien a. 1.外國的，外國人的 2.陌生的 3.性質(zhì)不同的，不相容的 n. 1.外國人，外僑 2.外星人
alienate vt. 1.使疏遠(yuǎn)，使不友好，離間 2.轉(zhuǎn)讓，讓渡(財產(chǎn)等)
allege vt. 斷言，宣稱，硬說
alleviate vt. 減輕，緩解，緩和
alley n. 小巷，胡同
allot vt. 分配，撥出
alloy n. 合金 vt. 將……鑄成合金
allude vi. (to)暗指，影射，提及
A Hungry Alien
When an alcoholic man dressed in dirty clothes and stinking of beer first alleged that an alien had landed in an alley behind a restaurant frequented by the affluent, no one listened to him. Photos from the aftermath filled 10 photo albums.
In the begining, as he rushed down the center aisle of the pleasantly air-conditioned room, the alcoholic wasn't able to successfully agitate anybody. It was as if they were only looking at his appearance and not listening to his words. When he did finally find someone agreeable to come outside and see what he said had happened, he was completely alienated to see that the creature was no longer there. Now that he had aggravated so many rich people, he was sure that he would leave the room in agony. His fears were alleviated, however, when the alien broke through a window into the restaurant, somehow knowingly coming to the aide of the alcoholic.
When all the people realized that the alien that the alcoholic had alluded to was really there and composed of an aggregate of unknown alloy not affected by normal bullets, they screamed and ran around leaving no chance for anyone to allot a route of escape. They behaved, in the aggregate, as if no one in the world could relieve them of this alien ailment. And they were right. None of the outside help that came could stop the alien from eating everyone in the restaurant.
饑餓的外星人
當(dāng)一個穿著臟衣服、滿口啤酒味的酗酒男人宣稱有外星人在一家富人經(jīng)常光顧的酒店后面的一個胡同里降落時，沒有人聽他的話。事后的照片裝滿了10個影集。
起初，當(dāng)他從舒服的空調(diào)房間的中心過道沖進(jìn)去的時候，這位酗酒者沒能成功地鼓動起任何人。大家好象只在看他的樣子，沒有注意聽他在說什么。當(dāng)他終于找到一個人愿意出來看一看時，他完全成了孤家寡人，因?yàn)槟菛|西已經(jīng)不見了。由于激怒了那么多的有錢人，他清楚他不得不痛苦地離開那里。但是，很快他的恐懼得到了緩解，因?yàn)檫@時外星人破窗而入，好象知道要當(dāng)酗酒者的助手似的。
當(dāng)大家明白酗酒者提到的外星人確實(shí)存在而且總體上是由一種不知名的、普通子彈打不穿的合金構(gòu)成的時候，他們尖叫著四處亂跑，竟沒有留出一條出路，結(jié)果誰也沒有機(jī)會逃出去。他們的行為總的來說就好象世界上沒有人能把他們從這種性質(zhì)不同的疾病中解救出來。他們的感覺是對的，因?yàn)槿魏瓮鈦淼脑紱]能阻止外星人吃掉酒店里的每一個人。
2021考研英語：易混詞匯如何區(qū)分記憶?
sting [stiN] v. 1. 叮 2. 刺痛，刺 n. 刺(痛)
stink [stiNk] v. 發(fā)出臭味， 名聲臭， 極低劣
n. 臭味
revolve [ri5vClv] vi. (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)
revolution [7revE5lu:FEn] n. 1. 革命 2. 旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)
revolutionary [5revE5lu:FEnEri] a. 革命的，革新的 n. 革命者
evolution [7i:vE5lu:Fen] n. 進(jìn)化，演化
volume [5vRlju:m] n. 1. 音量 2. 體積，容積3.書卷 4. 欄目
evolve [i5vClv] v. (使)進(jìn)化，(使)發(fā)展
involve [in5vClv] vt. 1. 卷入，陷入 2. 牽涉
3. 包含，必有……的結(jié)果
1. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action hasrevolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. (NETEM 1999, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)
大約在網(wǎng)上交易的第一年當(dāng)中，大部分業(yè)務(wù)活動都是圍繞著努力開發(fā)消費(fèi)者市場來進(jìn)行的。
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. (NETEM 1994, Translation, 第74題)
伽利略最光輝的業(yè)績在于他在1609年是第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)了天空的人，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
3. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. (NETEM 1998, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)
商人們自認(rèn)為的他們所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事，這一點(diǎn)更加難以確定。
4. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears. (NETEM 2005, Text 3, Paragraph 1)
一個世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼經(jīng)偽裝后的預(yù)示。
5. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution :they “l(fā)ook at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” (NETEM 2000, Passage 2, Paragraph 3)
達(dá)爾文有一句話描述那些對進(jìn)化一無所知的人，他們“看有機(jī)的生命如同野人看船，好像看某種完全不能理解的東西”。
6. Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. (NETEM 2002, Text 4, Paragraph 7)
就在最高法庭對醫(yī)助自殺進(jìn)行裁決的前三周，國家科學(xué)院公布了一份長達(dá)兩卷的報告–––––臨近死亡：完善臨終護(hù)理。
7. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (NETEM 2005, Text 1, Paragraph 5)
但是，這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立演化而成，還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個懸而未決的問題。
(注：本句主語是whether…or whether(是……還是……);并且兩個whether各自引導(dǎo)一個主語從句。本句謂語是is an unanswered question。as yet是插入語，表“至今，到現(xiàn)在為止”。
whether…or whether這個句型對于寫社會問題類作文是個極好的句型，請背誦仿寫這句話。)
8. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. (NETEM 1999, Passage 3, Paragraph 3)
此外，在我們這么大的一個國家里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州，涉及這么多的國際公司，要培養(yǎng)出所需數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的。
(注：本句的地點(diǎn)狀語是in a country, country帶了兩個修飾成分，一個是as large as ours，另一個是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在這個定語從句中主語the economy有兩個并列的動詞is和involves。另外，注意spread的過去式和過去分詞不變。)
9. Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs.genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (NETEM 1994, Translation, 第75題)
聯(lián)邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技術(shù)與天才之爭中去。 政府究竟是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動力量。
2021考研英語：英語備考之單詞辨析(1)
WORD
abbreviation n.縮寫, 縮寫詞
abide vt. 容忍
abide by 遵守，履行
abnormal a.反常的，異常的
abolish vt. 廢止, 廢除(法律、制度、習(xí)俗等)
abortion n. 流產(chǎn), 墮胎
abound vi. 1. 大量存在 2.(in,with)充滿 ,富于
abreast ad. 并列，并排
keep abreast of 與……齊頭并進(jìn)，了解……的最新情況
abrupt a. 1. 突然的,意外的 2.(舉止、言談等)唐突的，魯莽的
abstain vi. 1.棄權(quán) 2.(from)戒除
absurd a. 荒謬的，荒唐的
abundance n. 大量，豐富，充足
in abundance 充足，豐富
accessory n. 1.附件，零件，配件 2.[常pl.](婦女手提包之類的)裝飾品 3.同謀，幫兇，包庇犯
acclaim vt. 向……歡呼，為……喝彩 n. 稱贊，歡迎
accommodate vt. 1.容納 2.向……提供住處(或膳宿) 3.使適應(yīng)，順應(yīng)
accomplice n. 共犯，從犯
accountable a. 負(fù)有責(zé)任的
ace n. 1.(紙牌等中的)幺點(diǎn)，“A”牌 2.(網(wǎng)球等比賽中)發(fā)球得分 3.(在某方面的)佼佼者 a. 第一流的，杰出的
acoustic a. 1.聽覺的，聲音的 2.(樂器)原聲的
acquaint vt. (with)使認(rèn)識，使了解，使熟悉
acquit vt. 1.宣判……無罪 2.(oneself)使(自己)作出某種表現(xiàn)
activate vt. 使活動起來，使開始起作用
Accommodating a Pregnancy
Xiaomin never thought abortion was a big deal. As he became acquainted with American politics , however , he realized you have to work hard to keep abreast of changing values to truly understand how absurdly controversial this issue has become. He found out from his American friends that opinions are in abundance of how to teach people to be accountable for their actions, how to make people abide by Family Planning laws, and even how to teach people just to abstain from sex. The significance of this issue became abruptly clear when Xiaomin's best friend, Jeff, got his girlfriend pregnant.
Jeff was an acclaimed graduate student who was living an abnormal life from other Americans just by attending a Chinese university to get his Ph.D.(Ph.D. is an abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy, the highest degree available in a university). Jeff was also an ace soccer player and acoustic guitar player. There was also alway an abundance of women around him. This is how he met Sarah.
When Sarah became pregnant with Jeff, his friends suddenly treated him as if he was an accessory to murder. Jeff also felt as if he needed to be acquitted of some crime. But he decided in the end that he and his accomplice, Sarah, would keep the baby. According to Jeff and Sarah, the life of their child was more important than their career. Xiaomin was amazed. Keeping the child would abolish any chance of a successful career for Jeff. And in Xiaomin's eyes, one could activate the process for an abortion with a simple visit to the doctor even though there might be lines, three people abreast.
But Jeff and Sarah were firm in their decision and Xiaomin had to abide his friends' decision. Life abounded in surprises. Now Jeff and Sarah were leaving school and returning to the United States. They would do everying they could to accommodate themselves to their new situation.
選擇生孩子
小民從來沒想過流產(chǎn)是個大事。但是，當(dāng)他了解美國政治之后，他認(rèn)識到得下很大的工夫才能一直了解不斷變化著的價值觀念，真正理解關(guān)于這個問題的爭議是多么的荒唐可笑。他從美國朋友身上發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對許多問題的看法是很豐富的，如怎樣教人們對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)、如何使人們遵守計劃生育的法律規(guī)定、甚至如何教人們節(jié)制性生活。小民最要好的朋友杰夫使女朋友懷孕了，這件事情使上述問題的重要性突然變得清楚了。
杰夫是位頗受贊揚(yáng)的研究生，他的生活和其他美國人相比是有些反常，因?yàn)樗谝凰袊髮W(xué)里讀博士學(xué)位(Ph.D.是Doctor of Philosorhy的縮寫，是大學(xué)里能夠獲得的最高學(xué)位)。杰夫還是一名優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動員和原聲吉他手，他身邊總是有一大堆女人圍著他，他就是這樣和薩拉相識的。
杰夫使薩拉懷孕后，他的朋友突然把他當(dāng)作是謀殺同謀。杰夫也覺得好象有必要判他有罪，但最終決定他和他的共犯薩拉將生下這個孩子。杰夫和薩拉認(rèn)為，孩子的生命比他們的事業(yè)更重要。小民感到很吃驚，因?yàn)橐@個孩子將徹底毀杰夫在事業(yè)上取得成功的機(jī)會。在小民看來，你只要去一趟醫(yī)生那里，整個流產(chǎn)過程就會啟動，盡管可能要排隊，三個人并列而行。
但是杰夫和薩拉的態(tài)度很堅決，小民只好接受朋友們的決定。生活充滿了出人意料的事情?，F(xiàn)在杰夫和薩拉正打算退學(xué)回美國，他們會盡全力使自己適應(yīng)他們的新生活。