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2021考研英語:“一詞多義”share(2)
share在考研翻譯中(2000-2014年)共出現(xiàn)過五次,即:
2009-(49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.
2012-(47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
2012-(48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
2012-(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
2009年(49)題和2011年(46)題中的share,已經討論過。2012年中的3個題連續(xù)出現(xiàn)share,是否3個share翻譯為同樣的詞,是個值得考慮的問題。
2012年47題中,share作為動詞出現(xiàn),后面接賓語common origins,那么share究竟翻譯為什么需要考慮“動詞+名詞”的搭配情況。common origins意為“共同的起源”,share如若理解為“分享”,那么這部分是“分享共同的起源”,顯然漢語里不這樣表達?!胺窒砉餐钠鹪础奔础皳碛泄餐钠鹪础?,但后面的譯文更為規(guī)范。如果考生記憶詞匯時,知道“分享”實際上是從“共有,公用”中衍生出來的,那這個譯文更好得出。
2012年48題中,To filter out what is unique from what is shared是整個句子的主語部分,涉及到兩個有what引導的賓語從句。what在名詞性從句中的釋義十分靈活,需要根據(jù)語境靈活處理。這個句子中有what is unique(什么是獨特的,即“獨特因素,個別因素”)提示,那么“what is shared”意義相反,是“不獨特因素”即“共性”。這個句子考查的是“共有(特點、特征)”的意思。2012年49題中,恰好可以把share按照字面意思翻譯,shared by many languages作后置定語修飾traits(特征),即“多種語言的共有特征”。
總之,“考研不致,單詞不止”。在翻譯中學習詞匯,不僅能夠加深對詞匯釋義的理解,也可以鍛煉自己的翻譯能力。