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2016考研英語(yǔ)解析：須掌握四大句式
1.It is in (or with)…as in (or with)…
It is in life as in a journey. 人生好比旅途。
It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits， and not he who sees it done. 讀書和吃飯一樣，得到利益的是那些實(shí)際在吃的人，而不是旁觀的人。
It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food. 精神和身體都必須有好的食物來(lái)營(yíng)養(yǎng)。
2.as good as / as well as
It is as goos as done. 這就和做好了一樣。
It is broad as well as long. 那既長(zhǎng)且寬。
(1)as good as 有兩個(gè)含義：
① amounting to ; not falling short of;等于;同樣; 幾如;; 不欠缺
He was as good as his word. 他不爽約。
② virtually; essentially; in every essential respect 實(shí)際上;其實(shí);實(shí)在;在各要點(diǎn)上
He is as good as dead already. 宛如死人;行尸走肉;名存實(shí)亡
(2)as well as 有四個(gè)含義：
① no less than; equally with 等于;不下于;亦;一樣好
I have understanding as well as you.
② both……and……;one equally with the other"與"、"兩者皆"
Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution. 適度勞動(dòng)對(duì)身體給予快感，又有益衛(wèi)生。
③ 與not only……but also 有連帶關(guān)系
He has experience as well as knowledge.= He has not only knowledge but also experience.
④ 可以代替better than
As well (= better) be hanged for a sheep as ( = than) for a lamb. 竊鉤如竊國(guó)，與其盜小羊。
3.As it is
其含義為：as it stands; to state the matter as it really stands; as a matter of fact; in reality. 相當(dāng)于：實(shí)際上;就實(shí)際情況而言;根據(jù)(現(xiàn)在)情況看;就現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子等等。它用來(lái)指事物的單數(shù);即指前面的單數(shù)名詞。如果指事物的復(fù)數(shù)，則用"As they are".如果用來(lái)指人時(shí)，則為as I am / you are / she/ he is/ we are / they are.as it is 的過(guò)去式為as it was.其位置可以放在句首，句末或句子中間。
(1)用于句首，注意前后時(shí)態(tài)與該結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致
As it is， we can not help him.
As it was， we could not help him.
(2)用于句末
Let's keep it as it is.
You mustn't go to the ball as you are. 你不能這樣去參加舞會(huì)。
有時(shí)it可以省略為"as is "，意即：照現(xiàn)在的樣子，常指"不再修理或改進(jìn)"等情況。
He has an old radio as is. 他有一臺(tái)沒(méi)有修理過(guò)的舊收音機(jī)。
I'll sell it to you as is， but don't complain if it doesn't work.
(3)句中時(shí)，用逗號(hào)把它從前后隔開(kāi)
A.虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式+but +as it is / was，該結(jié)構(gòu)意為：其實(shí);事實(shí)上
I thought things would get better， but as it is， they are getting worse and worse.
The rice could have been got in yesterdy if the weather had been fine， but as it was， it had to be left in the fields.
B.過(guò)去分詞+as it is，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的過(guò)去分詞
Written as it is in an interesting way， this book is enjoyable to young and old alike.
Published as it was at such a time， his work attrached much attention.
C.現(xiàn)在分詞+ as it does(did)。意為：因?yàn)檫@樣，(實(shí)際)所以……
Living as he does in Shanghai， he knows the place extremely well.
Reading as he did many times， he could recite it fluently.
幾個(gè)類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：
A. as it stands 根據(jù)目前情況來(lái)看
As it stands， it is certain that our country can realize the four modernization ahead of schedule.
B. such as it is不怎么樣，質(zhì)量不過(guò)如此
The room， such as it is， is very bright.
C. as it were =as if it were so. 屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用于插入語(yǔ)。不可以與as it is 混淆
He is ， as it were， a living dictionary.
Comrade Lei Feng still lives， as it were ， in our heart.
4.have + the + 抽象名詞+不定式
I had the fortune to succeed. 我很幸運(yùn)獲得了成功。
have = possess 原來(lái)指肉體和精神上的特征，現(xiàn)作為一種天賦而具有的。
She had the cheek ( = impudence) to say such a thing. = She was so impudent as to say such a thing. 她厚顏無(wú)恥地說(shuō)出這樣的話。
How can you have the heart ( = hard-heartness) to drown such darling little kittens?
你何忍心把如此可愛(ài)的小貓淹死?
2021考研英語(yǔ)翻譯：如何處理狀語(yǔ)從句?
一、狀語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)，顧名思義，這個(gè)部分在句子中是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)這樣一個(gè)成分的。那么都有哪些詞可以做狀語(yǔ)呢?
⑴①副詞作狀語(yǔ)
largely, mainly, mostly, actually, ultimately, directly, furthermore, in principle.例如：something have largely been ignored by somebody.在這個(gè)句子中l(wèi)argely就是充當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ)的。
②分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.后面的這個(gè)句子，它的主謂賓都是齊全的，主語(yǔ)Whorf ,謂語(yǔ)developed, the idea是賓語(yǔ)。句子的基本成分有了，那么剩余的就是句子的定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等這樣一些成分了。being interested in就是現(xiàn)在分詞做原因狀語(yǔ)的，因?yàn)閷?duì)語(yǔ)言和思維之間的關(guān)系感興趣，所以沃夫才形成了這種想法。
③不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)
I get up early to catch the early bus.在這個(gè)句子中，主語(yǔ)I，謂語(yǔ)get up,to catch the early bus做的就是目的狀語(yǔ)這樣一個(gè)成分，我早早的起床，目的就是為了趕上早班車。
⑵翻譯方法
狀語(yǔ)，一般都是放在主語(yǔ)之后，動(dòng)詞之前的，且時(shí)間放在前面，地點(diǎn)放在后面。而對(duì)信息量較小的狀語(yǔ)，我們可以采用將狀語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)后面這種方式。如：Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.譯文：由于對(duì)語(yǔ)言和思維之間的關(guān)系感興趣，所以沃夫才形成了這種想法：語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了一個(gè)社會(huì)中習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
二、狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別就在于：狀語(yǔ)是由副詞、分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式這樣一些成分來(lái)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，而狀語(yǔ)從句是由從句來(lái)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
⑴狀語(yǔ)從句分為以下幾種：
①結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞：so…that ; such…that
②時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞：when, while, till或until, before , after, as, as soon as, since, by the time (到…為止) ,the moment, immediately, instantly, directly, the minute, the second, hardly…when, no sooner than
③讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞：though ,although ,whereas ,while ,even if, no matter
⑵翻譯方法
對(duì)于狀語(yǔ)從句，我們可以采取順譯的方式去翻譯，也就是按順序翻譯。建議我們先譯出時(shí)間、原因、條件這些狀語(yǔ)從句，然后再譯主句。
如：①No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我說(shuō)什么，做什么，他總認(rèn)為我是錯(cuò)的。
②While we can not see the air, we can feel it.盡管我們不能看見(jiàn)空氣，但是我們可以感受到它。
2021考研英語(yǔ)：翻譯五類典型句式
句子一：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
當(dāng)有報(bào)道進(jìn)入倫敦公園，that是report的定語(yǔ)從句，也就是解釋report的內(nèi)容，是說(shuō)有一只野生美洲獅在距離倫敦以南45英里的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。had been spotted是個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后邊they，指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，前半句只有reports，這些報(bào)道并沒(méi)有得到嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待。
句子二：
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the deions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
for表原因，因?yàn)?。for后邊的句子主語(yǔ)是deions,謂語(yǔ)是were similar.given by people過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾deion，由誰(shuí)給出的這一描述who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾people，聲稱看見(jiàn)過(guò)美洲豹的人。這一描述(跟報(bào)道)驚人的一致。
句子三：
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
該句是倒裝句，把nowhere提前引起部分倒裝，原型是：1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living nowhere than in the Far West.nowhere …than譯為“除了……沒(méi)有其他地方”譯為：1980年的美國(guó)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)更能顯示出，美國(guó)人遷往遙遠(yuǎn)的西部(而不是其他地方)是為了尋找廣闊的生活空間。在部分倒裝里，do做助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前more是比較級(jí)的用法。
句子四：
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collection to which a sample is compared.
第一句話，critics是主語(yǔ)argue是謂語(yǔ)，that后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，然后to which引導(dǎo)的是修飾collections的定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閏ompare的固定用法是compare to/with sth,在which引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)候compare后面的to提到了which前面。評(píng)論家也指出商業(yè)的基因檢測(cè)僅僅和類似作為樣本的參考搜集一樣。
句子五：
But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，后邊是主句，不好理解的可能是way后邊的成分，the way做方式狀語(yǔ)，does代替have measurable benefits.這句話是說(shuō)因?yàn)閺?qiáng)笑很難保持，所以不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好處的方式來(lái)衡量大笑帶來(lái)的好處。
文章都是由句子構(gòu)成，因此分析每個(gè)句子對(duì)于打好前期基礎(chǔ)至關(guān)重要，對(duì)于其中每個(gè)單詞、每個(gè)語(yǔ)法、句子翻譯的掌握都是考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。