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2021考研英語："搭配記憶"法(1)
【相關(guān)】
1.①Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aero plane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird.②Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cell phone in the palm of your hand.③Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels.④You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
2.①The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.
【核心考點(diǎn)】
1.稍縱即逝的瞬間：fleeting moments
2.騰出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間做某事：take a moment or two to do something
3.感嘆這些神奇：wonder at those marvels
4.幸運(yùn)的繼承者：lucky inheritor
5.20世紀(jì)涌現(xiàn)出某人或某事：the 20th century saw somebody or something
6.一大批天才、勇士、實(shí)業(yè)家以及夢(mèng)想家：a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour
7.創(chuàng)造出神奇的機(jī)器：create a fabulous machine
8.可以作為打字機(jī)：function as a typewriter
【翻譯練習(xí)】
在翻譯的時(shí)候試著聯(lián)系上面的搭配。
1. ①Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aero plane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird.
②Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cell phone in the palm of your hand.③Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels.④You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
2. ①The second half of the 20th century saw (a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour) [to create a fabulous machine (that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier)].
結(jié)構(gòu)提示：(a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour)作saw的賓語;[to create a fabulous machine…]作為賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明前面的賓語;(that could function…)作a fabulous machine的定語從句。
【參考譯文】
1.①想想那些稍縱即逝的瞬間，當(dāng)你透過飛機(jī)窗口向外望去，忽然意識(shí)到自己正在填空翱翔，比鳥兒飛得更高。
②再想想你那比牛皮紙信封還薄的筆記本電腦，以及握在你掌心的手機(jī)。③騰出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來為這些神奇的東西感嘆一番吧。④人類的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)，而你則幸運(yùn)地成了它的繼承者。
2.①20世紀(jì)后半葉涌現(xiàn)出一大批天才、勇士、實(shí)業(yè)家以及夢(mèng)想家，他們通力合作，創(chuàng)造出了一臺(tái)神奇的機(jī)器。這臺(tái)機(jī)器可以兼作打字機(jī)和印刷機(jī)、攝影室和劇院、畫筆和畫廊、鋼琴和收音機(jī)、郵件和郵差。
2021考研英語詞匯：選詞須抓五要點(diǎn)
考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)既要注意培養(yǎng)翻譯的技能意識(shí)，又要提高語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。從考試大綱看，漢譯英基本以議論文為主，涉及社會(huì)生活、政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)及一般科技等方面。因此我們建議考生在考前復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)要多留心閱讀這類體裁的文章，要多積累，多比較，盡量熟悉英語語言特點(diǎn)，并積累詞匯。另外，還應(yīng)注意漢譯英在詞性、句式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的特點(diǎn)，掌握豐富的變通手段，努力提高行文能力。
詞匯和句式是語言的重要部分，要做好漢英短文翻譯，關(guān)鍵是選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯和句式。詞匯是語言的建筑材料，文章譯得好不好，能不能達(dá)意，都與選詞有密切的關(guān)系。要選好詞，必須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
一、詞義要確切
應(yīng)該透徹地掌握詞語的確切含義，才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地表達(dá)思想。每個(gè)詞都有一定的含義，如果混淆詞義，很容易造成用詞不當(dāng)。
二、選詞要貼切
翻譯時(shí)選詞要注意語境和文章的文體，每個(gè)詞在上下文中用得恰當(dāng)、自然、和諧。英語中有許多同義詞，平時(shí)要多注意同義詞在不同上下文中的用法，因?yàn)榧词故峭x詞或近義詞在意義或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一樣的。
三、用詞要通俗易懂
用詞要規(guī)范，盡量使用書面語言，少用俚語、生僻詞或陳詞濫調(diào)，以免影響譯文效果。
四、用詞要簡(jiǎn)潔有力
簡(jiǎn)潔是為了清晰，譯文中多余的詞不但不能增強(qiáng)語言的表現(xiàn)力，反而使語言顯得累贅。因此翻譯時(shí)要避免用詞重復(fù)羅嗦。
五、選詞要多樣化
用詞單一會(huì)使語言枯燥無味、蒼白無力而選詞多樣化可以加強(qiáng)語言的表現(xiàn)力，使譯文的表達(dá)更豐富。舉例來說，“北京是中國(guó)的首都，名勝古跡甚多” 這句話該怎么譯成英文?按照英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在譯成英語時(shí)要把句中的“是中國(guó)首都”處理成次要信息，把這部分當(dāng)成“北京”的同位語處理，這樣就譯成：Beijing，the capital of China，has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.過這種手段可以使句子在邏輯和思想上連接起來，一方面突出了重要信息，另一方面也使語言更為緊湊。
2021考研英語：段落翻譯的解析
【例舉】
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality." says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.
【參考譯文】
大多數(shù)人愿意把樂觀定義為無盡的歡樂，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說，“健康的樂觀主義意味著要處于現(xiàn)實(shí)之中?！痹贐en-Shahar看來，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者會(huì)因勢(shì)利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。
Ben-Shahar會(huì)使用三種樂觀的方法。比如說，當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講感到心情郁悶的時(shí)候，他會(huì)告訴自己這是很正常的事。他會(huì)提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，總會(huì)有一些人的演講效果不及其他人。其次是進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。他分析效果不好的演講并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準(zhǔn)備。最后，現(xiàn)在存在這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即在生活的宏偉計(jì)劃中，一次演講是無關(guān)緊要的。
【解析】
這兩段共10句話。其中，定語從句有5個(gè)，并列句有3個(gè)，賓語從句有5個(gè)，狀語從句有1個(gè)。
定語從句：
1)the kind of false cheerfulness(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend
2)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)make the best of things that happen
3)the best of things(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)happen
4)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)believe everything happens for the best
5)there is perspective(先行詞)，which(引導(dǎo)詞)involves acknowledging
并列句：
1)But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness…(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
2)are those who…, but not those who…(表語之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
3)about what works and what doesn’t(介詞賓語的并列關(guān)系)
賓語從句：
1)…believe(省略引導(dǎo)詞that)everything happens for the best.
2)…reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner(直接賓語為賓語從句)
3)about what(引導(dǎo)詞)works(介詞賓語從句)
4)and what(引導(dǎo)詞)doesn’t(介詞賓語從句，省略about)
5)that(引導(dǎo)詞)in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
時(shí)間狀語從句：
When he feels down–;say, after giving a bad lecture–;he grants himself…