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2021考研英語句型:四類定語從句
一、前置法
把定語從句翻譯到它所修飾的先行詞前面,常常用“的”來連接。(定語從句較短,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單)
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們正努力探索的新世界。
二、后置法
把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面,翻譯為并列分句,關(guān)系詞可以翻譯為先行詞或者與先行詞相對應(yīng)的代詞。英語的英語從句結(jié)構(gòu)常常比較復(fù)雜,如果翻譯在其修飾的先行詞前面的話,會顯得定語太臃腫,而無法敘述清楚。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他雖然經(jīng)驗不足,但很有進取心和創(chuàng)造力,而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。
三、狀譯法
有些定語從句,在邏輯上與主句有狀語關(guān)系,表示原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等,譯成漢語中相對應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系,翻譯為狀語從句。
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
他堅持再買一幢房子,盡管他用不著。
四、融合法
前三種翻譯方法在考研英語翻譯中會經(jīng)常使用,而最后一種方法-融合法不太常用,僅供大家了解。
把主句和定語從句融合成一個簡單句,其中定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我們工廠里,許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
樓下有人要見你。
2021考研英語句型:4種強調(diào)句型
一、強調(diào)表語
More serious was the problem of environmental pollution.
更為嚴(yán)重的是環(huán)境污染問題。(直接按照英語順序翻譯)
Very strange the thing seemed.這件事情好像很奇怪。
二、強調(diào)狀語
At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.
在任何時候和任何情況下,中國都不會首先使用或威脅使用核武器。(直接按照英語的順序翻譯)
Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.
他們絕對不會放棄為自由和和平而斗爭。(把狀語還原到謂語動詞前面翻譯)
三、強調(diào)賓語補足語
Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.電子計算機使快速進行復(fù)雜計算成為可能。(把possible還原為到賓語后面)
A scandal people call the whole matter.人們把這件事稱為丑聞。(把a scandal還原為到賓語后面)
四、強調(diào)賓語
Such good students we have never seen.
像這樣好的學(xué)生,我們還從來沒有見過。(直接按照英語順序翻譯)
Not a word did she say the whole two hours.
整整兩個小時她一句話也沒有說。(把賓語還原到謂語動詞后面翻譯)
2021考研英語詞匯:四類詞做插入語結(jié)構(gòu)
一、形容詞短語作插入語
一般翻譯為“…的是,…”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.
昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行車壞了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.
奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
二、副詞插入語
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.
順便說一句,你的建議已經(jīng)提交會議進行討論了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
然而,他比較幸運,因為他只是受了點輕傷。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.
他很年輕,但是他有豐富的英語教學(xué)經(jīng)驗。
三、介詞短語作插入語
in conclusion(總之,最后),in fact(事實上),in effect(實際上),in my opinion(依我我看來,我認為),in other words(換句話說,換言之),in short(簡言之),all in all(總而言之),as a matter of fact(事實上),as a result(結(jié)果),at worst(在最壞的情況下),by the way(順便說一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),to my delight(讓我高興的是),to one’s amazement(使某人驚訝的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遺憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃驚的是)等。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
事實上,中國已經(jīng)在許多方面趕上和超過了世界先進水平。
What happen to him, by the way?
順便問一句,他后來怎么樣了?
All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
總之,他的健康狀況已經(jīng)大大的改善了。
四、不定式短語作插入結(jié)構(gòu)
to say the least of it(至少可以這樣說),needless to say(不用說),strange to say(說來奇怪),to conclude(總之,最后),so to speak(可以這樣說),to tell you the truth(老實對你說),to be frank(說句實話),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更確切地說),to sum up(總之,概括地說),to put it briefly(簡單說來),to put it in another way(換句話說),to make a long story short(長話短說),to be sure(可以肯定的說),to be specific(具體說來),to be precise(準(zhǔn)確地說),to speak frankly(坦白地說)等等。