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2020考研英語：長難句之狀語從句句型結構篇
一、理論常識
狀語從句，屬于副詞性從句，簡單說就是從句在句子中擔任狀語，分為時間、目的、地點、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結果、原因9種狀語從句。
時間引導詞：
when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等
地點引導詞：where , wherever等
原因引導詞：because , since=now that , as等
條件引導詞：
if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等
結果引導詞：so / such ... that , so等
目的引導詞：in order that , so that等
讓步引導詞：
though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒裝) 等
方式引導詞：as , as if等
比較引導詞:
than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等
二、試題舉例
例句1：
While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .
【重點詞匯解析】transmit，vt. 傳輸、傳播 vi. 傳輸、發(fā)射信號(in)formal，adj. (非)正式的
【參考翻譯】盡管正式的學習過程是由挑選出來擔當此角色的教師來進行的，非正式的學習過程卻是作為孩子成長的自然一部分而完成的。
例句2：
While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .
【重點詞匯解析】territory，n. 領土、版圖expense，n. 代價、損失 vt. 向……收取費用inevitable，adj. 不可避免的
【參考翻譯】雖然這種競爭會引發(fā)以他人利益為代價的領土擴張行動，因此也會引發(fā)沖突，但卻不能認為類似于戰(zhàn)爭的國家間的沖突不可避免，盡管競爭是不可避免的。
例句3：
While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .
【重點詞匯解析】favor，vt. 喜歡、贊成 n. 喜愛
【參考翻譯】盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎更加青睞國際社會中的發(fā)達領域，而非不太發(fā)達的領域，情形并不總是如此。