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2021考研英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句的表達(dá)解析(40)
APPLE and Tesla are two of the world’s most talked-about companies.
蘋果公司和特斯拉都是人們最愛談?wù)摰墓尽?BR> They are also two of the most vertically integrated.
這兩個(gè)公司的垂直整合程度也名列前茅。
大家肯定不知道什么叫“垂直整合程度”vertically integrated
接下來(lái)就要給你解釋了：
Apple not only writes much of its own software, but designs its own chips and runs its own shops.
蘋果不僅大部分軟件是自己寫的，芯片也由自己設(shè)計(jì)，連商店都自己開。
Tesla makes 80% of its electric cars and sells them directly to its customers.
It is also constructing a network of service stations and building the world’s biggest battery factory, in the Nevada desert.
特斯拉80%的電動(dòng)車都是自己生產(chǎn)，并直接銷售給客戶。它還在構(gòu)建一個(gè)充電服務(wù)站網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并在內(nèi)華達(dá)沙漠建設(shè)世界上最大的電池廠。
知道什么叫vertically integrated了吧!
就是什么活都自己干!
以前是什么樣子?
A century ago this sort of vertical integration was the rule: companies integrated “backwards”, by buying sources for raw materials and suppliers, and “forwards”, by buying distributors.
一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，這種垂直整合堪稱法則：企業(yè)“向后”整合，購(gòu)買原材料來(lái)源和供應(yīng)商同時(shí)“向前”整合，購(gòu)買分銷商。
現(xiàn)在呢?
Today this sort of bundling is rare: for the past 30 years firms have been focusing on their core business and contracting out everything else to specialists.
如今，這種捆綁就很罕見了。過去30年里，各個(gè)公司一直專注于自己的重要業(yè)務(wù)，其他的一切都外包給專門人士處理。
2021考研英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句的表達(dá)解析(39)
Effective teamwork is incredibly important for output quality and efficiency. If everyone in a team can manage to collaborate with each other and employ concerted effrots, those tasks that seem unachievable for any individual may be accomplished with much better quality. Take iPhone as an example. Its success is a story of hundreds of thousands of engineers, designers and workers all over the world working seamlessly together. If they all work alone and do not cooperate, it will be hard for them to get early feedback on the design and function, making it impossible for them to achieve the high level of craftsmanship that these slick gadgets now boast of. After all, teamwork not only increases efficiency but also creates an environment of learning by challenging your ideas.
一、長(zhǎng)難句解析
Effective teamwork is incredibly important for output quality and efficiency.
有效的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作對(duì)于產(chǎn)出的質(zhì)量和效率極為重要。
If everyone in a team can focus their own strength and yet manage to collaborate with each other and employ concerted efforts, those tasks that seem unachievable for any individual may be achieved with better quality.
如果團(tuán)隊(duì)中的每一個(gè)人都能專注于自己的長(zhǎng)處，并設(shè)法互相協(xié)作，那么那些對(duì)于個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)看似不可能的任務(wù)能以更高的質(zhì)量完成。
Take iPhone as an example, its success is a story of hundreds of thousands of engineers, designers and workers all the world working seamlessly together.
以蘋果手機(jī)為例，它的順利就是一個(gè)全世界許多工程師、設(shè)計(jì)師和工人一起無(wú)縫協(xié)作的故事。
If they all work alone and do not cooperate, it will be hard for them to get early feedback on the design and function, making it impossible for them to achieve the high level of craftsmanship that these slick gadgets now boast of.
如果他們都單獨(dú)工作，不進(jìn)行合作，那他們將很難獲得關(guān)于設(shè)計(jì)和功能性的早期反饋，也就不可能達(dá)到現(xiàn)在這些設(shè)備引以為傲的高技藝水平。
After all, teamwork not only increases efficiency but also creates an environment of learning by challenging your ideas.
畢竟，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作不僅能夠提高效率，也能夠過挑戰(zhàn)你的想法創(chuàng)造一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境。
2021考研英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句的表達(dá)解析(38)
Controlling it all made sense, the argument went, when markets were rudimentary: when supplies of vital materials were limited or contractors could cheat you. As markets became more sophisticated these justifications fell away. Thanks to globalisation, companies could always find new resources and better suppliers. Yet a growing number of companies are having second thoughts. This is most visible in information technology.
一、長(zhǎng)難句解析
Controlling it all made sense, the argument went, when markets were rudimentary: when supplies of vital materials were limited or contractors could cheat you.
這種觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)的是，在市場(chǎng)還處于原始狀態(tài)時(shí)，什么都要控制是有道理的，因?yàn)殛P(guān)鍵材料的供應(yīng)有限，或者承包商可能會(huì)欺騙你。
As markets became more sophisticated these justifications fell away.
隨著市場(chǎng)變得越來(lái)越成熟，這些理由都站不住腳了。
Thanks to globalisation, companies could always find new resources and better suppliers.
有了全球化，企業(yè)總是可以找到新的資源和更好的供應(yīng)商。
Yet a growing number of companies are having second thoughts.
然而，越來(lái)越多的公司另有考慮。
This is most visible in information technology.
這在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域尤為明顯。
The industry’s leaders were at the heart of the contracting-out revolution.
行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖們本來(lái)是處于外包革命的中心。
Vertically integrated companies such as IBM outsourced as much as possible in order to lower costs.
IBM等垂直整合的公司盡可能地進(jìn)行外包以降低成本。
Upstarts such as Microsoft prospered by focusing on a narrow–but exceptionally valuable–slice of the pie: the operating system of personal computers.
新貴如微軟則是專注于一塊非常狹窄但價(jià)值極高的蛋糕––個(gè)人電腦的操作系統(tǒng)。