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2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達(dá)解析(46)
Some music has always been about the performance. Watching a rock band live, for example, is not just a matter of appreciating the quality of the sound. What the musicians get up to on stage is almost as important. But you might think that classical music would be immune from such distractions&mdashdoubly so when a performance is being judged as part of a competition.
However, a study by Chia-Jung Tsay, a concert pianist who is also a researcher at University College,London, suggests that even judges awarding prizes can be swayed by what they see as well as what they hear.Dr Tsay’s study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(NAS), employed over 1,000 volunteers (half novices and halfexperts) to evaluate the performances of candidates in ten prestigious music competitions, to see if they agreed with the judges’ decisions. Each volunteer assessed 30 performances&mdashthe top three from each competition. The catch was that only a third of volunteers were shown the performances accompanied by the sound track. The other two-thirds got either to see each performance or to hear it, but not both.
1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
[A] The soundtrack of music competition can be assessed by NAS.
[B] Volunteers without any experience are competing with expertise ones.
[C] The performance of the music exerts certain influence on judges.
[D] The top three of 30 performances are evaluated by volunteers.
一、長難句解析
What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
[A] The soundtrack of music competition can be assessed by NAS.
[B] Volunteers without any experience are competing with expertise ones.
[C] The performance of the music exerts certain influence on judges.
[D] The top three of 30 performances are evaluated by volunteers.
二、線索句
Even judges awarding prizes can be swayed by what they see as well as what they hear.
甚至頒獎的評委即會受到他們所見到的也會受到他們所看到的影響。
這里C選項的：The performance= what they see
重要的是certain這個單詞!
2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達(dá)解析(45)
He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
一、切分和獨立成句
1. He believes that
他相信…
2. This very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage
正是這種困難有了補償性的優(yōu)勢
3. forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence
=the difficulty forces him to think long and intently about every sentence
這種困難強(qiáng)迫他長時間地并仔細(xì)地思考每一個句子
4.enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations
= the difficulty enables him to detct errors in reasoning and in his own observations
這種困難使他能察覺到在推理和觀察過程中的種種錯誤。
二、參考譯文
這種困難迫使他長時間并仔細(xì)的思考每一個句子，并使他能察覺到在推理和觀察過程中的種種錯誤，所以他認(rèn)為正是這種困難有了補償性的優(yōu)勢。
2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達(dá)解析(44)
Working out to what extent the low participation rate is structural, meaning that it will persist, rather than cyclical, caused by a weaker-than-usual recovery, will be crucial in determining when the Federal Reserve raises interest rates.
1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
(A) Low participation rate is critical for Federal Reserve’s decision on interest rates.
(B) There is no correlation between structural low rate and interest rates raising.
(C) The structural low participation rate usually will continue as it is for a while.
(D) The cyclical low participation is caused by the interest of the Federal Reserve.
詞匯進(jìn)步：1. participation rate 勞動參與率(一種經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍程度的指標(biāo))
2. structural 結(jié)構(gòu)性的
3. cyclical 周期性的
4. crucial 重要
5. the Federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲
6. determine 決定
7. interest rates 利率
長難句解析：A will be crucial in B
A對于B很重要。
A= Working out to what extent the low participation rate is structural, meaning that it will persist, rather than cyclical, caused by a weaker-than-usual recovery
B= determining when the Federal Reserve raises interest rates
從主干識別這一步就可以知道A選項是不對的。
選項中的：Low participation rate明顯就不能等于主語A那么大一堆啊!
所以選項A是偷換。
獨立成句：將主語進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)行切分：
1)to what extent the low participation rate is structural rather than cyclical
2)meaning that it will persist
= The structural low participation rate means it will persist.
(結(jié)構(gòu)性的低參與率意味著這種參與率會持續(xù)一段時間。)
從這里就可以知道：
(C) The structural low participation rate usually will continue as it is for a while.
為正確選項。
其中：Persist= will continue for a while
Usually 和as it is 都是我故意加上去迷惑你的。
像這樣的程度和頻率副詞，以及沒有實際含義的狀語不能成為判斷答案正確錯誤的依據(jù)。
(大家可以參閱2011年第四篇文章第38題A選項是正確選項，而其中的constantly也是沒有出現(xiàn)的。)
只有否定副詞才會成為判斷選項正誤的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
B選項：
(B) There is no correlation between structural low rate and interest rates raising.
這里的No 就是其錯誤的原因。
3) caused by a weaker-than-usual recovery
=The cyclical low participation is caused by a weaker-than-usual recovery
(周期性的低參與率是由比平常更弱的復(fù)蘇造成的。)
所以D選項是偷換。
參考譯文：找出在多大程度上，低參與率是結(jié)構(gòu)性的而不是周期性的對于美聯(lián)儲決定何時加息至關(guān)重要。結(jié)構(gòu)性的低參與率意味著這種低參與率會持續(xù)一段時間，而周期性的低參與率是由比平常更弱的復(fù)蘇造成的。