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2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(73)
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
一、分析
這句話結構的進步點是and，and后面是一個簡單的主系表結構，前面比較復雜。the "shareholders"主語， as such作為修飾， had no knowledge of是謂語部分， the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen是賓語，employed by the company引導分詞結構做后置定語，修飾前面的workmen， in which he held shares是定語從句修飾前面的company。
二、詞匯
shareholder股東
as such這樣的
have no knowledge of 對…不了解不知道
三、譯文
這樣的"股東"對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(72)
The education should be designed to take us beyond the campus to a life of ongoing, pragmatic learning that finds inspiration in unexpected sources, and increases our capacity to understand and contribute to the world &mdash and reshape it, and ourselves, in the process.
詞匯進步：ongoing 持續(xù)的
pragmatic 實用的
reshape 重塑
長難句解析
主干：
it should be designed to take us beyond the campus to a life.
其他成份：
of ongoing, pragmatic learning 定語
that finds inspiration in unexpected sources, and increases our capacity to understand and contribute to the world &mdash and reshape it, and ourselves, in the process. 定語從句
并列動詞：finds and increase
understand and contribute and reshape 并列動詞
注意：逗號和破折號的用法其實是很自由的，作者很多時候為了強調(diào)一些詞和短語，尤其是在并列的時候，多加一個逗號或破折號沒有什么值得奇怪的，也沒有太多規(guī)律可講，所以不用糾結。
參考譯文：素質(zhì)教育的宗旨應當是引導我們超越校園，走向一種持續(xù)和務實的學習生活，這種學習能讓我們從未知的資源中找到靈感，并增強理解世界和為世界做貢獻的能力，并在這一過程中重塑這個世界和我們自己。
2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(71)
His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
一、分析
逗號之間是插入語，主語是his colleague，謂語say后面是賓語從句，far too many companies是主語， have applied是謂語， re-engineering是賓語， in a mechanistic fashion是狀語，后面chopping引導分詞結構做狀語。
二、詞匯
apply vt.應用 vi.申請 (for)
in a … fashion 以 ….方式
chop out削減 = cut down
sufficient a.充分的
give thought to 考慮
long-term長期的
一、譯文
他的同事邁克爾.比爾說，有太多的公司采用機械的方式實行重組，沒有充分考慮長期贏利能力的情況下削減成本。