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2021考研英語：閱讀練習(xí)寫作技巧(6)
一、認(rèn)知
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
總共就三句話，32字+23字+24字，希望同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)句子擴(kuò)充的過程當(dāng)中，能夠更深一個(gè)層次地理解我關(guān)于句子升級(jí)數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的講解，順便理解一下我為何要你們鍛煉把一個(gè)句子在質(zhì)量提升的前提下擴(kuò)充為30個(gè)字的能力。
二、解析
It is difficult to the point of impossibility(看不懂這里，可以跳過去，反正整個(gè)句子的正負(fù)不會(huì)受到影響) for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.
整個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，under the age of 40是關(guān)于the average reader的名詞修飾，而后面的when則是關(guān)于time的定語修飾，這兩個(gè)都是上課的時(shí)候教授過的內(nèi)容，至于to the point of impossibility，就算看不太懂，也可以推斷出來to the point，是“到xx程度”的意思，而后面的of imposibility則體現(xiàn)出從困難到不可能的動(dòng)態(tài)過程，比我們?cè)瓉硭鶓T用的extremely difficult更為形象生動(dòng)。
同學(xué)們啊，看看別人怎么寫topic sentence的啊……
Yet(偶爾不用howerver和nevertheless其實(shí)不會(huì)死人的) a considerable(看到了吧，還在用a large number of的同學(xué)們，面壁吧，還在用many的同學(xué)們，回火星吧) number of the most significant(知道前面的Number處為何不用significant修飾了吧?) collections of criticism published in the 20th century(定語后置) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.
同學(xué)們啊，看看別人怎么寫現(xiàn)象和例證的啊……
To read such books today(上課教過的不定式做主語成分) is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.(同位語從句，不要再做在家里面自己編一些the news that he won the competition is exciting之類的句子了啊，剛開始編不出來的。直接借用別人的套路就可以再創(chuàng)造了。)
不得不提及一下marvel作為動(dòng)詞的用法，畢竟平時(shí)大家看到的多是名詞marvel和形容詞marvelous。這里表示“對(duì)xx驚訝”的意思。這里順便提及一下學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)單詞并用其造句的好方法--quotes，于是我們看到了艾默生的：
if the stars should appear but one night every thousand years, how man would marvel and stare.
Ralph Waldo Emerson quotes (American Poet, Lecturer and Essayist, 1803-1882)
同學(xué)們啊，看看別人怎么寫小結(jié)的啊……
三、應(yīng)用
這里的應(yīng)用分為兩個(gè)層面，一個(gè)是關(guān)于中間段落的模式，一個(gè)是關(guān)于微觀句子的寫作。這一段坦率講是再單一不過的主題句，支撐細(xì)節(jié)，小節(jié)句的寫法了，只要大家學(xué)會(huì)了上課所教授過的“用現(xiàn)象支撐觀點(diǎn)”以及“從現(xiàn)象推出觀點(diǎn)”，就很容易搭建這樣的模式，否則再好的模板也是枉然。經(jīng)常讓同學(xué)隨便造一個(gè)句子，答曰：天氣很好。我倒是可以用這個(gè)素材寫出N種版本的句子，但是同學(xué)們是否能學(xué)的會(huì)么?你們給出的句子，都無法變成好的英文，難道我給的句子，你們反而可以?所以，懇請(qǐng)看到這里的同學(xué)，深度思考自己是否已經(jīng)具備了挖掘現(xiàn)象和觀點(diǎn)的能力。
文章里面所涉及到的是年輕人很難想象到在過去如何如何，所以今天讀起來，覺得驚訝，仿寫起來如果覺得困難，我們至少可以反過來思考，老年人很難想象現(xiàn)在年輕人的文章里面都充斥著什么。比如，網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語的盛行。例證可以舉出在考試作文當(dāng)中也大量出零零總總的網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語。然后得出結(jié)論，如果他們讀到充滿著咆哮體少將體淘寶體銀鐲體等各種體組成的書信，會(huì)是怎樣的感覺(想想很早以前的《一封家書》如果被網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語入侵，會(huì)是什么情況)?
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average person over the age of 60 to imagine a situation where a large quantity of non-standard Chinese could be found in almost every sort of articles online.
Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.
Yet a considerable number of "the most prominent collections" of cyber slangs prevailing in the 21st century mass media--the Internet in particular--consist of a great amonut of non-standard or even misspelled Chinese.
To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
To read such articles today is to marvel at the fact that these popularized phrases are widely deemed suitable or entertaining for formal presentations, essays for examinations or family letters to elders.
四、變通
這段里面所想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間的差異，我們?cè)趯懽魑牡倪^程當(dāng)中，為了吸取這方面的精華，可以先考慮好差異，然后再定性，不一定非要是時(shí)間的維度。在變通的時(shí)候，最起碼可以想到的是空間的維度，這樣可以寫的就多了。大家試試看吧，比如我常說到的東西方差異。