2021考研英語:閱讀的首句分析法

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    考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是該注意的,下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語:閱讀的首句分析法”,持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
    2021考研英語:閱讀的首句分析法
    英語國家的人習(xí)慣開門見山,因此文章的中心句很多時候會出現(xiàn)在首句。所以大家一定要重點閱讀文章的首句,以及各段落的首句。例如2006年真題text 2:
    Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
    開篇第一句就是:Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 這是首段的主題句,也是引出了全文的主題。把握了這個主題,也就了解全文的中心:這個小鎮(zhèn)上只有一個產(chǎn)業(yè),卻有兩個明顯敵對的分支。轉(zhuǎn)折處一般是文章強調(diào)的重點,所以下文必定會圍繞著兩個分支展開,There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC),.... And there are the townsfolk ....所以,考生完全可以循著“主題”這個線索走下去,如果討論該主題的幾個段落都已確定,再考慮其他主題。當(dāng)然,句際關(guān)系和段際關(guān)系也會發(fā)生改變,這時就需要有段落之間及上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系詞。段際關(guān)系可能是順接關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ扰c對照關(guān)系等。
    英語文章的段落有長有短,考生需要能概括出段落大意,如有可能,可以用漢語迅速將段落大意寫出來。如果時間緊張,考生一般可以將重要的句子劃出來,標(biāo)記出關(guān)鍵信息,但切記不要劃的太多,否則連自己都不知道哪個是重點句子了。
    閱讀是考研英語的“重頭戲”,也是考生需要花費最多的時間和精力的模塊,建議大家要在基礎(chǔ)階段就開始投入閱讀文章的學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練,切實提高閱讀理解能力。
    2021年考研英語:閱讀的精讀辦法
    一、理論基礎(chǔ)
    考研閱讀的真題都來自于諸如 The Economists, Scientific American, New York Times, The Gardian 等西方主流的報刊雜志。這些雜志上刊登的文章通常是關(guān)于社會生活,政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、科教文衛(wèi)方面的比較科學(xué),嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈恼?。而文章的體裁通常以議論文居多。一篇議論文通常是有論點和論據(jù)構(gòu)成的。論點是作者想要論述的觀點,論據(jù)是為了證明所提出的觀點的。
    一篇文章中,哪些是論點,哪些是論據(jù),我們必須要有清晰的認(rèn)識。從重要性上來說,論點的的重要性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于論據(jù)。所以對于我們讀文章來說,顯然論點是重要的的,需要重點讀的,而論據(jù)是次要的,可以略讀或者不讀的。
    二、操作方式
    那么,如何去判斷哪些是論點,哪些是論據(jù)呢?從位置上來說,文章論點常常的文章開頭的第一或第二段提出,段落論點常常的段首句或轉(zhuǎn)折句,極個別的情況下出現(xiàn)在段尾句。從句子長度來說通常論點的句子比較簡短。論據(jù)常常是一些舉例或者引用的東西,往往還有一些時間,數(shù)據(jù),人名,地名,機構(gòu)名詞之類特別具體的信息。
    更具體的來說,文章中需要重點精讀的內(nèi)容為:段首句,轉(zhuǎn)折句,根據(jù)題干定位的句子。
    可以略讀或者不讀的內(nèi)容包括:
    有關(guān)職務(wù)、頭銜、社會地位等補充性說明;通常這些信息是出現(xiàn)在人名,機構(gòu)名詞之后的定語或同位語。
    ② 兩個逗號之間或兩個破折號之間的插入語;
    ③句中破折號、冒號后面的旁支信息;
    ④復(fù)雜的難句中除了主、謂、賓以外的其他輔助信息;(除非與解題有關(guān))
    ⑤出現(xiàn)for example/instance, 大寫字母、數(shù)字等信息的內(nèi)容
    ⑥對名人言論的引用的具體內(nèi)容
    三、實例分析
    以1997年閱讀理解第三篇文章為例,我們把可以略讀的內(nèi)容用下劃線標(biāo)示出來,那么結(jié)果如下:
    Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
    Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
    It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
    Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
    Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
    2021考研英語:閱讀全面復(fù)習(xí)的方法
    一、沒有一個核心詞不認(rèn)識
    在真題中背單詞,效果就最好的,但有一點大家要注意:考研英語并不要求考生有大量的詞匯儲備,只要求考生能掌握核心詞匯的一次多義、熟詞僻意和衍生詞義,而這些都是可以通過真題超精讀來實現(xiàn)的。
    二、沒有一個句子是難句
    在備考過程中,考生如果能夠做到從考研真題中任意挑出一個句子,就能夠立刻看懂它,并能夠立刻將其翻譯成漢語,那么大家的基本功就十分扎實了。
    三、全文翻譯,落實到紙筆
    在掌握了詞匯和難句之后,考生可以嘗試著對真題文章,尤其是閱讀理解PartA部分進(jìn)行精翻。一方面可以提高自己的翻譯能力,為考研試卷的翻譯部分打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)(特別是英語二的同學(xué),英語二的翻譯部分占據(jù)了整張試卷的15%);另一方面也可以加深對文章的理解。但是很多同學(xué)翻譯只停留在“口頭”或“腦海”層面,這樣效果不好,建議大家一定要落實到紙筆之上,因為落實到紙筆對大家每一個詞句翻譯的精確程度都是很高的,只有這樣子才能夠不斷夯實自己詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)。此外,很多同學(xué)翻譯完之后總是感覺自己的譯文不是很通暢,與參考答案很難對得上。這是正常的,因為參考答案都是老師翻譯的,并且很多地方都是意譯的,考生只要能夠?qū)⑽恼麓笠馀?,翻譯通順、流暢即可。
    四、透析命題思路,掌握選項規(guī)律,弄懂正確選項為什么對,錯誤選項為什么錯
    考研英語的選項設(shè)置理念就是用一些錯誤的選項迷惑考生,從而考查考生對文章的理解和推理判斷能力。因此,考生要不斷地修正自己的做題思路,讓自己的思路和命題專家的思路高度一致;不僅要知道正確選項為什么對,而且還有弄明白錯誤選項為什么錯。只有經(jīng)過認(rèn)真思考、系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備才能夠達(dá)到你的眼里只要正確答案的境界。