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2021考研英語：閱讀巧用句的詞匯技巧
一、真題例句
我們一起來看2015年英語閱讀真題第一篇中的一個句子：
So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
這段話中出現了一個奇怪的短語“the writing is on the wall”，單從字面來看，我們完全不能判定它是什么意思。但不要著急，你完全可以利用上下文的句間關系，去猜測其意義。
二、根據關系猜生詞
首先，我們知道這兒有兩個句子，而且都是問句。先暫且將第一個問句設定為A句;第二個問句設定為B句。然后再看A與B之間沒有轉折出現?沒有，即可判斷兩句之間是并列關系，也就是AB兩句其實表達的是一個意思。
其次，我們看A句的意思：“西班牙的危機是否預示著君主制已近壽終正寢?”seeing its last days直譯就是“看見自己最后的時日”，意譯為壽終正寢，注意現在進行時態(tài)的使用，就是快死了但是還沒死。結合文章你也會發(fā)現，文章是在警告那些歐洲皇室，再瞎折騰，就離死不遠了?？傊?，A句就是說西班牙的危機是否預示君主立憲制不好了。
最后，結合A句看B句，已經兩者為并列關系，并得出如下對應關系：that指的是Spanish crisis;mean和suggest對應;European royals對應monarchy。因此，可以推出B句的 “the writing is on the wall for all European royals”等于A句中的“monarchy is seeing its last days”，就是歐洲皇室或者君主制快不好了，要玩完了。讀到這個層次，你已經完全理解了這個句子的意思，即便依然不明白“the writing is on the wall”的具體含義，也知道它所傳達的意思，做題完全沒有問題。
三、釋義詳解
在此，我們給出“the writing is on the wall”的釋義詳解：
這是源于圣經中的一則典故，意為“注定失敗”，引申為“不祥之兆，災禍、失敗或覆滅前的顯著征兆”。The writing is on the wall for sb/sth，某某人或物大難臨頭。
例句：The writing is on the wall for old manufacturing industries. (傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)大難臨頭/日漸衰微。)
2021考研英語：閱讀題型的訓練技巧十二
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’， ‘Neolithic Man’， etc.， neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century， they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’。 Histories of the time will go something like this： ‘in the twentieth century， people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars， buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. In those days， people thought nothing of traveling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways， ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ‘
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another， we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers， in particular， are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on： they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways， or what? And as for sea travel， it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song： ’I joined the navy to see the world， and what did I see? I saw the sea.‘ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ’I‘ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest， most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado， Kabul， Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there‘ – meaning， ’I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ‘
When you travel at high speeds， the present means nothing： you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival， when it is achieved， is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this， you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality： you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot， on the other hand， lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing： he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes， his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his： the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthropologists label nowaday‘s men ’Legless‘ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars， buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people‘s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers‘ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won‘t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed， eyes become useless.
C People can‘t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view‘ mean?
A See view with bird‘s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1.Palaeolithic 舊石器時代的
2.Neolithic 新石器時代的
3.escalator 自動電梯，自動扶梯
4.ski-lift 載送滑雪者上坡的裝置
5.mar 損壞，毀壞
6.blur 模糊不清，朦朧
7.smear 涂，弄臟，弄模糊(尤指畫面、輪廓等)
8.evocative 引起回憶的，喚起感情的
9.El Dorado (由當時西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)
10.Kabul 喀布爾(阿富汗首都)
11.Irkutsk 伊爾庫茨克(原蘇聯亞洲城市)
一、難句譯注與答案詳解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
二、難句譯注
1.Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【參考譯文】飛機旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。
2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過窗口。
三、寫作方法與文章大意
文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由于種種現代化交通設施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機……，車、機速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導致人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步――經歷現實。
四、答案詳解
1.A 人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學家把以往年代的人們分別標上舊石器時代、新石器時代人，等等。干脆利落地總結了一個時期。當他們轉向20世紀，他們肯定會標上“無腳的人”。因為在20世紀，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、公共汽車、火車。大樓里由電梯、自動扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車道、滑雪載車和路直通山頂。所有的風景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車停車場。
B 人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。 C 電梯、自動扶梯制止人們走路。 D 有許多交通運輸工具。 2.A 人們的注意力在未來。見最后一段第一句話：當你高速旅行，現在等于零，你主要生活在未來，因為你大部分時間盯在前面到達的某個地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，你還要再向前進。
B 是一種歡樂。 C 滿足司機強烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機醉心于開車、不停車但不是快速前進著眼于未來。 D 生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因為他們那異常的生活方法強加給時代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器――交通運輸工具，不是開快車。
3.C 人們在旅行途中什么都見不到。答案在第二段，由一地轉向另一地，路上你什么都沒有見到。乘飛機你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上旅游，只見到海?！拔业竭^那里”此話含義就是“我以一小時一百英里在去某某地方時經過那里”。正因為如此，作者指出將來的歷史書上會記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛的應用。
A 人們不愿用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。 D 旅行中，人們想睡覺。< 4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經歷都停滯，現實不再是現實，還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現實，對他來說旅行和到達是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個身體去體驗現在時刻、旅行終點，他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真實報償。這一段就是作者寫文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A 腳變得軟弱無力。 B 現代交通工具把世界變小。 C 沒有必要用眼睛。
5.C 從高出向下看的景致：俯視。A 用鳥的眼睛看景點。 B 鳥在看美景。 D 風景點。
2021考研英語：閱讀題型的訓練技巧十一
Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin， Texas. George W. Bush invited us， a dozen gay Republicans， after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent： never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.
Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues， as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner， Rob Morris， and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy， strong， religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term， loving relationships， stable families， strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.
Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that， growing up in Texas， he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. “What have I said that sent that signal?” he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. “I never said that，” he insisted， assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views.
Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children， the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. “Now you're telling me of a very loving， caring relationship，” he said. “I really appreciate hearing that.” We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive——and does show a willingness to hear all sides——I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest， Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?
[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.
[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.
[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.
[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.
2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.
[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community
[B]what it is like to be a gay.
[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.
[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship
3. The author‘s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.
[A]scornful
[B]satisfactory
[C]supporting
[D]objective
4. In spite of his careful listening， Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.
[A]adopting the child
[B]getting married
[C]redefining hate crimes
[D]employing the gays and lesbians
5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.
[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life
[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues
[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly
[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush
一、答案與解析
1. C 推論題。本題的問題是“第一段中暗示了什么?”文章第一段首先提到了與布什的會面，接著指出，我們的會面開創(chuàng)了一個重要的先例，再也不會有一個主要政黨的候選人可以在競選總統(tǒng)時不面對同性戀問題了。由此可知，總統(tǒng)候選人不能再忽視同性戀問題了。[C]“沒有總統(tǒng)候選人可以忽視目前的同性戀問題”是對文中“never again will a major party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues”這句話的改寫，為正確答案。文中提到“共和黨同性戀問題團體”時是說“一個批評他的共和黨同性戀問題團體”，所以[A]“一個共和黨同性戀問題團體因為布什的政治觀點而批評他”屬于偷換概念;文中是說“要求一位總統(tǒng)候選人就同性戀問題進行敏感的對話”，所以[B]“不可能邀請一位總統(tǒng)討論同性戀問題”屬于偷換概念;文中只提到總統(tǒng)候選人，沒有提到總統(tǒng)，所以[D]“對于總統(tǒng)來說，同性戀問題是熱門話題”屬于偷換概念。
2. A 結構題。本題的問題是“作者用他自己作為例子，是為了說明 ”。第二段首先提到，我感到驚奇的是布什缺乏對同性戀問題的了解以及他希望了解這些問題的愿望，隨后作者舉了自己的例子，最后一句話說，我希望布什州長明白，長期鐘愛的關系、穩(wěn)定的家庭、堅定的宗教信仰傳統(tǒng)以及共和黨的選舉史是男、女同性戀群體的所有組成部分。這說明，作者舉自己的例子是為了讓布什了解同性戀群體。[A]“同性戀群體像什么”是對該段最后一句話的概括，為正確答案。[B]“成為一名同性戀者像什么”、[C]“同性戀者來自于什么樣的家庭”和[D]“維持同性戀關系像什么”都是作者舉例時提到的具體內容，不是作者舉例的目的。
3. B 態(tài)度題。本題的問題是“對于布什在會見時的表現，作者的態(tài)度是 ”。文章第二段提到，我同樣感到驚奇的是他希望了解同性戀問題的愿望;第三段提到，他強調他從來沒有說過這種話，并向我們保證，他會聘用那些能干并且與他的政治觀點相同的同性戀者;最后一段提到，他確實表現出愿意傾聽各方面的意見;我認為，他比上個星期進步了許多。這說明，作者對布什還是滿意的。[B]“滿意的”與作者的態(tài)度符合，為正確答案。 [A]“輕蔑的”與作者的態(tài)度相反;文中提到，我們沒有改變他的立場，他仍然反對同性戀者結婚，反對把針對同性戀者的犯罪歸為仇視犯罪，說明[C]“支持的”不對;文中多次提到“我認為”，說明作者表達的是主觀看法，所以[D]“客觀的”不對。
4. D 細節(jié)題。本題的問題是“盡管他認真傾聽，但布什仍然反對下列行為，除了 ”。題干中的“Bush still opposes”出自文章最后一段第七句話中，表明本題與最后一段有關。最后一段第二句話提到，州長承認了他經常陳述的觀點——同性戀者不應該收養(yǎng)孩子，說明[A]“收養(yǎng)孩子”是仍然反對的;該段第七句話提到，他仍然反對同性戀者結婚，反對把針對同性戀者的犯罪歸為仇視犯罪，說明[B]“結婚”和[C]“定義為仇視犯罪”是仍然反對的。只有[D]“聘用同性戀者”與文章第三段最后一句話的意思不符，為正確答案。
5. C 主旨題。本題的問題是“本文希望表達的觀點是 ”。文章第一段提到了與布什的會面，指出，再也不會有一個主要政黨的候選人可以在競選總統(tǒng)時不面對同性戀問題了;隨后幾段具體介紹了會面的情況：我感到驚奇的是他缺乏對這些問題的了解;我們的觀點令他感到十分驚奇;我們沒有改變他的立場;最后指出，老實說，布什任重而道遠。這說明，本文認為，要想解決同性戀問題，布什面臨很大的困難。[C]“要想完全解決同性戀問題，仍然任重道遠”是對本文的概括，為正確答案。同性戀者結婚和領養(yǎng)孩子的問題是文章在介紹會面時列舉的例子，并不是本文想要表達的觀點，所以[A].“同性戀者渴望正常的生活”不是本文希望表達的觀點;[B]“布什部分改變了他有關同性戀問題的觀點”和[D]“同性戀者同布什進行了成功的交談”明顯與文中“我們沒有改變他的立場”這句話的意思不符。
二、全文譯文
想像一下要求一位總統(tǒng)候選人坐下來就同性戀問題進行“敏感的對話”。這就是上個星期我們在得克薩斯州奧斯汀市所做的事情。在拒絕會見一個批評他的共和黨同性戀問題團體之后，喬飴。W.布什邀請了我們——十幾個同性戀共和黨人。我們的會面開創(chuàng)了一個重要的先例：再也不會有一個主要政黨的候選人可以在競選總統(tǒng)時不面對同性戀問題了。
布什不喜歡我們要說的任何話。我感到驚奇的是他缺乏對這些問題的了解，我同樣感到驚奇的是他希望了解這些問題的愿望。我講述了我如何同我的伴侶羅布。莫理斯維持了17年的同性戀關系。我們都出生于健全、有勢力、信奉宗教的家庭。羅布在喬治亞州一個保守的共和黨家庭長大;我來自于威斯康星州一個資深的共和黨人家庭。我現在擔任著我所在的路德教會教堂的副會長。1)我希望布什州長明白，長期鐘愛的關系、穩(wěn)定的家庭、堅定的宗教信仰傳統(tǒng)以及共和黨的選舉史，這些均是同性戀群體的組成部分。
我們的故事起了作用。布什承認，由于他在得克薩斯州長大，因此他不太了解美國的多元文化。他的朋友圈子狹小，而且他堅守傳統(tǒng)。但是，聽說人們認為他偏執(zhí)后，他感到吃驚和沮喪?！拔艺f的什么話表達了這樣的信息?”他反復問道。2)我們和他對質他被報道過的話——如果你是公開的男同性戀者或女同性戀者，那么你就不會被考慮在他的政府部門任職?！拔覐膩頉]有說過這種話，”他強調，并向我們保證，他會聘用那些能干并且與他的政治觀點相同的同性戀者。
很明顯，我們的觀點令他感到十分驚奇。當我們中的一個人談到他的同性戀姐姐和她的伴侶收養(yǎng)孩子時，州長承認了他經常陳述的觀點——同性戀者不應該收養(yǎng)孩子……你們給我講述了一種非常鐘情、關愛的關系，“他說?！甭牭竭@些，我真的很感激。，‘我們強調，布什政府不可能逆轉近幾年所取得的任何成就。我們談論了艾滋病的經費與研究問題。3)雖然布什很專注——并且確實表現出愿意傾聽各方面的意見——但我認為，我們沒有改變他的立場。他仍然反對同性戀者結婚，反對把針對同性戀者的犯罪歸為仇視犯罪。老實說，布什任重而道遠。但是，我認為，他比上個星期進步了許多。