考研英語(yǔ)備考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是該注意的，下面由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀做題的常用計(jì)策”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀做題的常用計(jì)策
一、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化
“語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化”是命題專(zhuān)家使用語(yǔ)言時(shí)所必須遵守的一條重要原則。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一道題的
四個(gè)答案不僅長(zhǎng)度差不多，語(yǔ)言的用詞水平和語(yǔ)法難度也都差不多。此外，答案的文字難度一般低于文章本身，這也是對(duì)考生非常有利的一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候甚至可以通過(guò)答案來(lái)幫助理解原文。
二、關(guān)鍵詞替換
關(guān)鍵詞替換是閱讀理解題目中出現(xiàn)最頻繁的命題原則，一般都會(huì)在正確答案中用原文某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的同 義詞或者近義詞進(jìn)行替代?；蛘邚母鼜V的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，有時(shí)候命題者會(huì)以和原文意思相同但是遣詞造句不同的方式來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)正確答案，即用不同的話(huà)把原文的某個(gè)句子 重述一遍，而錯(cuò)誤答案反而往往會(huì)看上去和原文差不多，這個(gè)時(shí)候考生需要仔細(xì)閱讀加以區(qū)別。
【例題】This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, receives a new form of expression。
Futurists claim that we must___。(2000年第61題)
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
【正確答案】C
三、正話(huà)反說(shuō)
即選擇用否定的方式(如雙重否定，或者一個(gè)否定形式加上另一個(gè)否定詞如never，none等)來(lái)表述文中用肯定方式所表述的本內(nèi)容，兩者的意思是相同的。
【例題】How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. (1999年第68題)
The author asserts that scientists ________。
[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought
[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals
[D] should be confident about their research findings
【正確答案】B
四、反話(huà)正說(shuō)
顧名思義，即文中用否定方式來(lái)表述一定的內(nèi)容，而選項(xiàng)中用肯定的方式把同樣的意思在表述一遍。
【例題】Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle。(2000年第54題)
The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________。
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management
[D] success in education
【正確答案】A
2021年考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀理解的三大策略
一、利用閱讀理解背單詞
有些小伙伴面臨著這樣的困境，單詞背了很多遍，但在做真題的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于很多單詞看著眼熟卻忘記了這個(gè)單詞的意思。更有太多的單詞，及時(shí)記住了它在詞典中的意思，記住了它的詞性，但是把它放在閱讀理解中文章并不通順。這種情況就是由于在背單詞的時(shí)候只會(huì)死記硬背?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)注重的是考查單詞的深度和廣度。所以說(shuō)，大家在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候不僅要把單詞的基本意義背熟背會(huì)，更要將閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞放到文章的語(yǔ)境中，體會(huì)其引申含義，根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)出這個(gè)單詞在文章中的具體含義。
二、對(duì)真題進(jìn)行泛讀和精讀
泛讀是指在閱讀一篇文章的時(shí)候不要求每一句話(huà)都理解的很清楚，在遇到讀不通的句子的時(shí)候可以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)猜測(cè)這句話(huà)的意思。而精度是指在閱讀一篇文章的時(shí)候要讀通讀透這篇文章，對(duì)文章中的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都非常了解。如何利用這兩種方法來(lái)做閱讀理解呢?首先在看到一篇閱讀理解的時(shí)候可以先泛讀一遍，遇到不理解的句子可以標(biāo)記出來(lái)并猜測(cè)其含義。泛讀之后再去看題目，然后將題目進(jìn)行文中定位。定位之后就需要將定位段詳細(xì)地精讀一遍，再結(jié)合文章主題看選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。
三、文章主旨要抓清
中心主旨對(duì)于很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很抽象很難把握的東西。閱讀理解的題目設(shè)計(jì)都是圍繞著中心主旨展開(kāi)的，抓住中心主旨，就抓住了一篇文章的靈魂。找出文章中心主旨的方法有很多：閱讀題干，重復(fù)率最高的一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)往往和中心主旨有很大關(guān)系;閱讀文章，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞就是核心詞，抓住核心詞也就抓住了中心主旨了;英語(yǔ)文章的中心主旨句常常出現(xiàn)在第一段，對(duì)第一段進(jìn)行精讀，往往就可以抓住中心主旨了。
2021考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀強(qiáng)化的做題步驟
首先，段落推理題目題干中的標(biāo)志詞為infer,learn,imply, conclude, suggest, indicate等;以及段落標(biāo)志詞paragraph 3，the first paragraph, the first two paragraphs，當(dāng)只有這兩種詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，即可判定其為段落推理題。其次，推理題的?？汲鲱}點(diǎn)：1.段落首末句、主題句、觀點(diǎn)句;2.與主題密切相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié);3、轉(zhuǎn)折的地方;4.強(qiáng)調(diào)或者遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的地方?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀中推理題通常為正反推理和歸納總結(jié)。最后，做題時(shí)考生還要記住以下幾點(diǎn)：1、主題大于細(xì)節(jié)，觀點(diǎn)大于論據(jù);2、推理必須以原文為依據(jù);3、特別關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折，弄清轉(zhuǎn)折前后內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系。
推理題解題步驟如下：
首先，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，判斷是否為段落推斷題。段落推斷題關(guān)鍵詞為Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔細(xì)閱讀該句。段落中心句往往是段落考察的重點(diǎn)，因此考生可以重點(diǎn)分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行精確比對(duì)，直擊答案。
下面以最近十年真題為例，為大家詳細(xì)剖析段落推理題解題秘訣。
真題：2006年Text 2
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________。
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為單段落推理題。本段有轉(zhuǎn)折詞however 和觀點(diǎn)句the RSC contends, 這兩句任選一句為段落中心句，或者兩句聯(lián)合理解，即可選出正確答案。However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. (看戲的人除了看戲還要進(jìn)行一些觀光。)It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants。(RSC認(rèn)為，恰恰是看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶了大多數(shù)的收入，因?yàn)樗麄兯麄冞^(guò)夜(有些人4到5天)向酒店和餐館注入現(xiàn)金。兩句都強(qiáng)調(diào)“看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶來(lái)了大多數(shù)的收入”因此正確答案為B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers(看戲的人比觀光的人花更多的錢(qián))。
真題：2006年Text 2
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________。
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights。
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為雙段落推理題。答案一般為第二段段落中心句?？忌业降诙味温渲行木?，即可找出題目答案。第二段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，因此首句為第二段段落中心句“The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue。(斯特拉特福德的居民懷疑劇院增加了他們的收入一分錢(qián)。)因此，可以推出選項(xiàng)A the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue(小鎮(zhèn)居民否認(rèn)劇院為小鎮(zhèn)收入做出了貢獻(xiàn))為正確答案。
細(xì)節(jié)推理題解題步驟如下：
首先，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，判斷是否為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。細(xì)節(jié)推理題，顧名思義，既具有細(xì)節(jié)題的特征，也具有推理題的特征。細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵詞為名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞。推理題關(guān)鍵詞為Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔細(xì)閱讀該句。由于細(xì)節(jié)推斷題必定涉及到該段落的具體信息，而段落中心句往往是段落考察的重點(diǎn)，所以考生可以重點(diǎn)分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行精確比對(duì)，直擊答案。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的正確答案是一般為段落中心句的同義改寫(xiě)。因此，考生能否準(zhǔn)確理解段落中心句是能否做對(duì)推理題的關(guān)鍵。
下面以2012年真題為例，為大家詳細(xì)剖析推理題解題秘訣。
真題：2012年Text 1
24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors __________。
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D]can produce negative health habits
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干our imitation of behaviors, Paragraph5, shows可知，本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。本段段落中心句為最后一句(特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)“冒號(hào)”)：“This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day?！?……我們下意識(shí)地模仿每天看到的行為)，可以判斷選項(xiàng)C“(行為模仿)在我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的情況下發(fā)生”是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A“不利于我們的朋友網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，選項(xiàng)B“將誤導(dǎo)行為研究”，和選項(xiàng)D“會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良健康習(xí)慣”，并未在本段提到。
真題：2012年Text 3
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires _________。
[A] strict inspection [B] shared efforts
[C] individual wisdom [D] persistent innovation
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干credibility process requires, Paragraph 2, infer可知，本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。本段段落中心句為第三句(轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞but)：“But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery。”(但是要把聲稱(chēng)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換到真正的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要共同的監(jiān)察與認(rèn)可)，可以判斷選項(xiàng)B“共同努力”是正確答案，collective對(duì)應(yīng)shared，efforts對(duì)應(yīng)scrutiny and acceptance。選項(xiàng)A“嚴(yán)格的檢查”，選項(xiàng)C“個(gè)人的智慧”和選項(xiàng)D“持續(xù)的創(chuàng)新”，并未在本段提到。