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2021考研英語:小作文四個特點
一、重格式,不輕內(nèi)容
應(yīng)用文的大作文的一個很大區(qū)別就是重格式,規(guī)律性強。格式和套路不對,一般會給閱卷老師留下很不好的印象。例如:信件一般不需要題目,通知和告示卻需要,如2010年的題目Volunteers wanted。不只題目,還有客套話以及署名等。例如:公務(wù)信函中的稱呼,一般而言,如果是不認識的人,稱呼為敬詞+尊稱。例如,Dear Sir or Madam 或To whom it may concern如果是寫給關(guān)系正式的某團體中的具體人,稱呼為敬詞+尊稱+名。例如,Dear Mr. xx或Dear Ms. xx對于關(guān)系較親密的人可以直呼其名(Dear)Peter等。這都是有規(guī)律可循的。
二、輕思想,重交際
這里所謂的輕思想,主要是指因為100字的應(yīng)用文,除去那些客套話,其實一般主體部分也就2-3個句子就可以解決。這么短的篇幅,是不可能要求思想性有多強。這點和大作文不一樣,大作文中,如果你沒有一定的思想深度,文章結(jié)構(gòu)會很松散,讓人感覺是句子的堆砌。而那種連貫性和銜接手法的應(yīng)用也不會太準確。而小作文,我們要做到的只是注意用詞語體以及語域的適當(dāng)性,要點覆蓋的性。
三、字數(shù)少,易得分
上面我們提到了,應(yīng)用文的篇幅很短,這使得我們很容易得分。試想,如果想在閱讀理解中得到10分,你需要在理解一篇500-600字的文章的基礎(chǔ)上答對5道選擇題。從這個角度而言,小作文的確是容易拿分的部分,應(yīng)該成為考生提升的一個板塊。
四、重套路,難發(fā)揮
應(yīng)用文的這一個特點,仍然是和它的套路性、格式化有關(guān)。因此,我們更加需要用詞的準確性。需要我們對于一些語言的語體特點(genre features)進行區(qū)分。以免讓詞匯的語體影響到準確性。寫給機構(gòu)的信函,應(yīng)該避免使用太口語化的語言。例如06年是寫給一個機構(gòu)的申請信,而08年是寫給友人的私人信件,那么在這兩年的應(yīng)用文寫作中,就要求使用不同的語言。從稱呼到正文部分,08年的文章用詞都可以更口語化和隨意一些。正因為這種套路的穩(wěn)定性,對于同等基礎(chǔ)的考生來講,這部分很難達到技壓群雄的效果,很難拉開和別人的距離。也就是說,對于所有的考生來說,得10分不容易,但是得2分甚至4分也很不容易。
2021考研英語:作文的表達技巧
一、表達我認為
I hold the opinion that...
I cling to the idea that...
As far as I am concerned ...
二、表達原因理由
所以/結(jié)果:hence, thus, therefore, thereby
因為/由于:because of, owing to, due to
三、表達轉(zhuǎn)折
Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In comparison,By contrast, On the contrary
四、表達總結(jié)歸納
As a result, Consequently, Accordingly, Generally speaking,Briefly speaking
五、能使作文層次清晰的連接詞
第一:In the first place, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing
第二:In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another
第三:Finally,Last but not least, More importantly, Even worse.
2021考研英語:作文諺語的復(fù)習(xí)(十)
Truth never grows old.真理永存。
Turn over a new leaf.洗心革面,改過自新。
Two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it.鷸蚌相爭,漁翁得利。
Two heads are better than one.一個好漢三個幫。
Two of a trade seldom agree.同行是冤家。
Two wrongs do not make a right.別人錯了,不等于你對了。
Unity is strength.團結(jié)就是力量。
Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.忠言逆耳利于行。
Until all is over one’s ambition never dies.不到黃河心不死。
Venture a small fish to catch a great one.吃小虧占大便宜。
Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德遠遠勝過美貌。
Walls have ears.小心隔墻有耳。
Wash your dirty linen at home.家丑不可外揚。
Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away.滴水穿石。
Wealth is nothing without health.失去健康,錢再多也沒用。
We know not what is good until we have lost it.好東西,失去了才明白。
Well begun is half done.好的開始,是成功的一半。
We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.井干方知水可貴。
We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.欲求完美無缺的朋友必然成為孤家寡人。
We should never remember the benefits we have offered nor forget the favor received.自己的好事別去提,別人的恩惠要銘記。
Wet behind the ears.乳臭未干。
Whatever you do, do with all your might.不管做什么,都要一心一意。
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.兒時所學(xué),終生難忘。
What’s done cannot be undone.生米煮成熟飯了。
What’s lost is lost.失者不可復(fù)得。
What we do willingly is easy.愿者不難。
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入國問禁,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
When everybody’s somebody then nobody’s anybody.人人都偉大,世間無豪杰。
When sorrow is asleep, wake it not.傷心舊事別重提。
When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions.
新仇舊恨,齊上心頭。
When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.黃鼠狼給雞拜年,沒安好心。
When wine is in truth, wit is out.酒后吐真言。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.事出有因。
While the priest climbs a post, the devil climbs ten.道高一尺,魔高一丈。
Who chatters to you, will chatter of you.搬弄口舌者必是小人。
Whom the gods love die young.好人不長命。
Wise man have their mouths in their hearts, fools have their hearts in their mouths.智者嘴在心里,愚者心在嘴里。
Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。
You cannot burn the candle at both ends.蠟燭不能兩頭點,精力不可過分耗。
You cannot eat your cake and have it. 魚與熊掌,不可得兼。
You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink.
強扭的瓜不甜。
You may know by a handful the whole sack.由一斑可知全貌。
You never know what you can till you try.是驢子是馬,拉出來遛遛。