2021考研英語:寫作文本通用技巧(1)

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    考研英語有許多題目組成,方便大家及時了解,下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語:寫作文本通用技巧(1)”,持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
    2021考研英語:寫作文本通用技巧(1)
    一、命題規(guī)律
    根據(jù)修訂后的碩士研究生入學(xué)考試大綱的規(guī)定,應(yīng)用文寫作部分在命題方面有以下原則:
    (1)應(yīng)用文部分主要要求考生能寫不同類型的應(yīng)用文,包括私人和公務(wù)信函(主要有祝賀信、介紹信、邀請信、申請信、詢問信、致謝信、約會信、道歉信、推薦信、投訴信、辭職信)、備忘錄、便箋等。應(yīng)用文寫作時,考生應(yīng)能:
    ① 做到語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確,用詞恰當(dāng);
    ② 遵循文章的特定文體格式;
    ③ 合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu),使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫;
    ④ 根據(jù)寫作目的,恰當(dāng)選用語域。
    (2)考試形式:考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出一篇約100詞(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不計算在內(nèi))的應(yīng)用性短文,考生在答題卡2上作答。滿分10分。
    (3)應(yīng)用文的評分側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于信息點(diǎn)的覆蓋和內(nèi)容的組織、語言的準(zhǔn)確性、格式和語域的恰當(dāng),對語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯多樣性的要求將根據(jù)具體試題作調(diào)整。允許在 作文中使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵詞,但使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的詞組或句子將被扣分。100詞左右,文章長度不符合要求的酌情扣分。
    二、題型分析
    (一)書信類
    書信是一種最常見的應(yīng)用文。它包括祝賀信、介紹信、邀請信、申請信、詢問信、致謝信、辭職信、約會信、道歉信、推薦信、投訴信等十多類。英文書信包括信頭、正文和信尾。書信格式是:
    (1)信頭。
    ① 寫信人地址、日期;② 收信人姓名、地址;③ 稱謂。
    (2)正文。
    (3)信尾。
    ① 結(jié)尾謙稱;② 署名。
    書信格式
    具體要求
    寫信人地址和日期
    位于信紙的右上角,地址在上,日期在下,中間可間隔一行。英文地址書寫順序與中文相反,所以應(yīng)該是從小到大的順序:門牌號、街道名、區(qū)名、市(州/縣)、國名。
    收信人地址和日期
    正式的社交信件都要在信內(nèi)寫上收信人的姓名及地址,又稱為信內(nèi)地址。它位于信紙的左側(cè),比信頭的日期低一行或兩行。
    稱謂(salutation)
    稱謂位于收信人地址下面,間隔一至兩行。如果不知道對方的姓氏,稱呼一般都用Dear Sir or Dear Madam。如果信是寫給一個機(jī)構(gòu)的多個人,則用Dear Sirs或者Dear Mmes。常見的稱呼頭銜有:Mr.(先生),Mrs.(已婚女士),Miss(未婚女性),Ms.(對于不知婚否的女性),Prof.(教授),Dr.(對博士或醫(yī)生的稱呼)。
    書信正文
    書信正文寫在稱呼語下面,間距為一至兩行,正文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)是:引言、中心部分和結(jié)尾。
    結(jié)束敬語
    結(jié)尾敬語有尊卑親疏之分,與稱呼相配合。在正文后面,隔兩行從信紙中間偏右的地方開始寫,第一個字母大寫,其后用逗號。常用的結(jié)尾敬語有:對于地位高的人或長輩:Yours respectfully;在商業(yè)和正式函件中:Yours faithfully,Yours sincerely;私人朋友之間:Yours sincerely,Yours affectionately,Yours lovingly,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“某某敬上”,“某某謹(jǐn)呈”。
    署名
    在結(jié)尾敬語的正下方署上寫信人的姓名,商業(yè)信函往往需要在署名的下面打印寫信人的全名,職稱打在姓名的下方,如果署名者為女性,則在姓名前加注“Miss”或“Ms.”
    如有附言則在署名的下方隔一兩行的左下角注明postscript (P.S.);如含附件需注明Encl.。
    書信有兩種格式:齊頭式與縮進(jìn)式。前一種所有的段落頂格開始,正文的段落之間空一行??s進(jìn)式所有段落空四至五個字母開始,正文段落之間不空行。
    下面以一封抱怨信為例,其他各種信件的格式均可以此作為參照。
    Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
    假設(shè)你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等,可以是表揚(yáng),可以是批評建議,也可以兼而有之。
    March 23, 2006
    Dear Mr. President,
    I am writing to you, in the name of senior students of this college, to express my dissatisfaction with our canteen. The main problems involve the price, quality, environment and service.
    As far as I know, dishes here are generally of poor quality and high price. For example, a green vegetable will cook yellow, with bad taste and even something dirty, sticks or hair, for example. And what is worse, it even sells at 2 to 3 yuan, and a dish with some meat will be more than 5 yuan. That is not what our poor students can afford. Besides, the dining environment also needs improving. Dining tables and chairs are very dirty, greasy, and in poor condition. In addition, they are not enough to go around among students. What is more, the cooks sometimes are not fair. Usually they give more dishes and food to girl students, and less to boy students. As a result, girls can’t finish theirs, but boys are still hungry, which is a pity.
    Finally, we are looking forward to your quick dealing with the matter mentioned above. Thank you for your kind consideration.
    Yours sincerely,
    Li Ming
    2021考研英語:小作文的遣詞技巧
    一、格式
    1. 稱呼:英語應(yīng)用文稱呼有這樣的特點(diǎn):
    1)如果是不認(rèn)識的人,一般稱呼為敬詞+尊稱。例如,Dear Sir or Madam 或者 To Whom It May Concern (需注意每個單詞首字母都大寫)。
    2)如果是寫給關(guān)系正式的某團(tuán)體或個人,稱呼為敬詞+尊稱+名。例如,Dear Mr. Xx,或Dear Ms.xx,
    3)對于關(guān)系較親密的人可以直呼其名,即 Dear xx,。
    同時需要注意的是:1.稱呼要頂格寫2. 稱呼之后要加逗號或者冒號。這里推薦大家用逗號,因為歷年的高分范文 都是用逗號的。
    2. 正文:正文格式一般有兩種格式:一是縮進(jìn)式,即首段開頭空四個字母,段落之間不空行 另一種是齊頭式,即每段開頭不空格,但是各段之間空一行。建議考生采用縮進(jìn)式,因為如果用齊頭式,段間空行的話很可能答題空間不夠,導(dǎo)致字?jǐn)?shù)不夠。
    3. 結(jié)語:結(jié)語要注意要留出兩行。一行是靠后寫類似漢語“此致敬禮”的話也就是“Sincerely yours, ”或者“Yours sincerely ,”一定要注意這個地方的結(jié)尾是有逗號的,如果丟掉了逗號,則會扣掉一份,請大家一定要注意。同時,還需要注意落款,落款部分不能寫自己的名字。按照directions 中的要求使用名字。英語一一般是Liming結(jié)尾,英語二為Zhangwei。同時請大家注意名字后面一定不要加任何的符號。很多的學(xué)生喜歡在此打點(diǎn)號,請大家一定要注意,這里會被扣掉一分。
    二、語言
    寫作用詞準(zhǔn)確是基礎(chǔ)的要求之一。其次,句型可以多變,例如既有并列句,也有復(fù)合句,還有從句,但注意語法運(yùn)用要正確。此外還要注意,正式語言一般是寫給具有正式關(guān)系的團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu),這種情況不用縮略語和口語用法。英語二的小作文一般寫給正式關(guān)系的機(jī)構(gòu)的文章片偏多。除了正式的文體以外,其他的文體皆為非正式文體,像寫給朋友的書信等。英語一的小作文就是較為非正式一些。
    一般小作文的考查要求中會體現(xiàn)出寫該篇的目的和場合,所以考生在寫作時要注意針對不同場合使用不同語言,使交流得以進(jìn)行。另外,考生也要注意不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語。建議考生對某些應(yīng)用文的格式和習(xí)慣用語,應(yīng)該加以熟悉和背誦,以便運(yùn)用自如。
    三、其他
    考生在考試時注意在看到題目要求后不要忙于動筆,雖說小作文的字?jǐn)?shù)充其量在一百多個單詞,但是依舊要在腦子里理清思路。最好能夠在仔細(xì)審題以后,認(rèn)真列個提綱,這樣更有利于思路清晰。
    寫作時,注意表達(dá)清楚以下幾個方面:
    首先交代清楚寫信目的其次為了讓閱卷者對你的文章結(jié)構(gòu)及表意一目了然,注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞或銜接詞的運(yùn)用接下來,應(yīng)該對個人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述。最后,行文間要注意簡化描述,用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。在作文完成的時候,應(yīng)該檢查、修改,以免遺漏一些需要表達(dá)清楚的要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)。
    2021考研英語:作文避免病句的技巧(3)
    1. Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.
    改進(jìn): The best part of eating out is that we can leave everything behind after meal.
    2. Smoking can help you relax your mind.
    改進(jìn): Cigarettes can help you relax.
    3. What's about nonsmokers?
    改進(jìn): What about nonsmokers?
    4. Why not to be a non-smoker?
    改進(jìn): Why not be a non-smoker?
    5. Everyone will have many friends in his life.
    改進(jìn): Everyone has friends in his life.
    6. I am not good at maths, but English.
    改進(jìn): I am good not at mathematics but at English/ My strength is not mathematics but English.
    7. Who is the proper person to make up his minds about children's leisure time?
    改進(jìn): Who is the proper person to plan children's leisure time?
    8.It is children who clear about their interests.
    改進(jìn): It is children who are clear about their own interests.
    9. I agree the latter idea.
    改進(jìn): I agree with the latter idea.
    10. Many people dissatisfy with the status quo.
    改進(jìn): Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo.
    11. So I feel breathe more comfortably now.
    改進(jìn): So I feel more comfortable now when I breathe.
    12. People should learn knowledge no matter how old they are.
    改進(jìn):People should learn no matter how old they are/ People are never too old to learn.
    13. No one knows all the things.
    改進(jìn): No one knows everything.
    14. I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.
    改進(jìn): I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.
    15. Each form ofshavingsfriends has its advantages.
    改進(jìn): Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.
    16. I was admitted to a key university for which few dared to sign up.
    改進(jìn): I was admitted to a key university to which few dared to apply.
    17. Luckily, he recognized an American professor.
    改進(jìn): Luckily, he knew an American professor.
    18. They will learn the bad habits.
    改進(jìn): They will develop bad habits.
    19. In this continued process, people make progress.
    改進(jìn): In this cycle, people make progress.
    20. Lastly, higher education is equal to higher salary.
    改進(jìn): Lastly, higher education means higher salary.
    21. By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.
    改進(jìn): By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.
    22. A wrong decision will bring even worse fact.
    改進(jìn): A wrong decision will bring even worse result.
    23. You spend all your life to fulfill your willing.
    改進(jìn): You devote all your life to the fulfillment of your dream.
    24. Children should be taught disciplines insgroupsto avoid unnecessary lost.
    改進(jìn): Children should be taught discipline insgroupsto avoid unnecessary loss.
    25. I felt alone.
    改進(jìn): I felt lonely.