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2021考研英語(yǔ):長(zhǎng)難句翻譯語(yǔ)法解讀
1、把握句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu),找出句子的中心內(nèi)容:
例句1 The principle of laser is that the atoms of a crystal like the ruby crystal can be excited by strong light and can then store this light, amplify it and emit an immensely powerful beam.
【句子分析】這個(gè)句子的主干部分是The principle of laser is that...,引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,句子中的主語(yǔ)部分是The principle of laser, 表語(yǔ)從句中由四個(gè)謂語(yǔ)相并列構(gòu)成。分別是the atoms of a crystal can be excited by strong light, can then store this light, amplify it, emit an immensely powerful beam.。弄清楚了句子的基本內(nèi)容,翻譯起來(lái)就好辦了。
【翻譯】激光的原理是:有些晶體(如紅寶石)的原子可以受強(qiáng)光激發(fā),然后把這些光儲(chǔ)存起來(lái),再加以放大,并射出功率強(qiáng)大的光束。
2、找出句子中所的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的從屬連詞。
例句2 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
【句子分析】例句中有五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依次為suggest,is raised,are,develop,experience,這五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系為Behaviorists suggest that+clause結(jié)構(gòu)是主句who is raised in an environment,where there are many stimuli,which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses是定語(yǔ)從句,其所修飾的先行詞分別是“child” “environment”和“stimuli”。從句中表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容是the child will experience greater intellectual development。
需要注意的是,漢語(yǔ)注重重復(fù)原則,所以定語(yǔ)從句修飾的內(nèi)容部分需要再次表達(dá)出來(lái),比如在這句話中,which修飾stimuli,那么which在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中就要把stimuli再次翻譯出來(lái)。就是“兒童的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境里又有許多刺進(jìn)因素,這些因素...”。
【翻譯】行為主義者認(rèn)為,如果兒童的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境里又許多刺激因素,這些因素又有利于其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展,那么,兒童的智力就會(huì)發(fā)展到較高的水平。