2021考研英語:閱讀五步走策略

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    考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是該注意的,下面由出國留學網(wǎng)小編為你精心準備了“2021考研英語:閱讀五步走策略”,持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
    2021考研英語:閱讀五步走策略
    一、通讀題干和選項
    當開始做閱讀理解的時候,首先不是直接閱讀文章正文,而是先將題干和選項都通讀一遍,并判斷出這篇文章的五個問題屬于哪一類題型。一般來說,閱讀理解中的問題設(shè)置都是這幾類題型:細節(jié)題,主題題,態(tài)度題,詞匯題,推理題,例證題。并將題型標注在題目旁邊,這樣在閱讀正文之后再看題干就一目了然。
    二、五分鐘內(nèi)通讀正文
    考試都有時間限制,因此,把握好每一環(huán)節(jié)的用時非常重要。在閱讀正文的時候最好將時間控制在五分鐘內(nèi),月的的時候也不需要從頭至尾、逐字逐句地讀,而是應該做到有詳有略,文章的首段,每段的中心句以及文中有括號的內(nèi)容需要仔細地讀。而當文章當中出現(xiàn)具體的時間、地點、人名、數(shù)字等這一部分的內(nèi)容,可以粗略地讀。
    三、再次閱讀題干并定位
    一般來說,文章的出題順序和文章的內(nèi)容是緊密聯(lián)系的,即第一個問題的答案一般都是在文章的開頭部分就可以找到答案。所以,閱讀的做題順序應該按照問題設(shè)定的順序做。有的題干當中含有有明確定位詞,例如時間、地點、人物、專有名詞等等,這些題目定位比較容易。而對于那些沒有明確定位詞的問題,則可以根據(jù)上下兩個問題之間的銜接找出問題答案的大致所在。
    四、讀選項并找出正確答案
    其實,第四步就是整個閱讀環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵所在。做題的時候要學會排除干擾項,首先要排除的就是明顯有邏輯錯誤的選項,如果有兩個選項明顯是相反意思的,很可能中間就有一個正確選項。還有的干擾項是意思上與原文內(nèi)容表面上是相關(guān)的,但是其意思可能會太泛或者太窄,或設(shè)計本文未設(shè)計到的其他地方,這些都是不對的。
    五、最后一次通讀全文
    雖然考試時間很緊,但是每做完一篇閱讀之后都應該再通讀一遍課文檢查一下,相比于第一遍的通讀,這一遍是在已經(jīng)了解文章內(nèi)容之后的通讀,會更容易檢查出第一遍沒有注意到的細節(jié)部分。
    2021年考研英語:閱讀復習的訓練方法
    一、注重單詞和語法的練習
    做閱讀,考生往往將注意力集中在方法和技巧。打個比喻,單詞加語法好比武功的內(nèi)功,這些方法和技巧是招式。如果一味地學習招式,而忽略了內(nèi)功,最后還是會走火入魔。因此,考生應該注意閱讀的基礎(chǔ)練習,包括在語境中記憶單詞,看懂長難句?;A(chǔ)階段主要以02年以前的考題為主。研究生入學考試從86年到02年,是第一個階段,那是閱讀的整體難度不大,基本靠準確定位,讀懂原文就能做對大部分的題目,特別有助于學生當基礎(chǔ)階段的練習題。
    二、熟悉閱讀題型及出題規(guī)律
    考研閱讀里的句子都很長很拗口,有時一句話里即使所有單詞都認識,也不懂整句話是什么意思。這主要是因為大家不清楚句子的結(jié)構(gòu),所以碰到長難句的時候,要分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu),先把從句劃分出去不管,找出主句來,再把主句里的修飾語劃分出去,找到最核心的主語、謂語、賓語。最后再把這些修飾語和從句放進去。這樣就能理解這個長句是什么意思了。閱讀理解題的出題也是有一些規(guī)律的,大致題型就是那幾類。做的時候要分清楚它的類型,有針對性地去解答。比如:對于句子理解題,返回原文找到這個句子,將原句的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語義都好好分析分析,不僅僅看字面意思,還要看看這句的上下句,有時句子是有喻義的,聯(lián)系上下文還能很好地明白;對于主旨題,主要是縱觀整體,理解文章整體的行文思路,對短文整體理解有一定的概括能力;對于態(tài)度題,那就要體會作者的觀點、態(tài)度,從文中一些細節(jié)的詞來體會,千萬不要攙雜自己的感情色彩。
    三、英語復習時間分配
    考生應該每天至少三個小時放在英語的復習上,如果不考數(shù)學,至少應該每天看5個小時英語。三個小時,每天一個小時背單詞,一個小時復習語法,一個小時做基礎(chǔ)閱讀。當然,考生也要根據(jù)自己不同的基礎(chǔ),來合理安排時間。
    四、閱讀量分配
    一般考生,每天2篇基礎(chǔ)閱讀是比較合適的量。復習應分為三步:第一步,20分鐘內(nèi)自己先認真把考題做一遍;第二步,把不認識的單詞查出來,然后背誦下來,不明白的長難句弄明白。第三步,精翻每一篇文章。這樣不僅有助于同學對單詞的記憶,和句子的理解,還有助于同學對于篇章理解的把握和翻譯的練習。
    考研英語復習需要的是持之以恒,每天愛它一點點。同時,真題也是最好的材料,多研究真題,再加上平時多訓練,一定能輕松過關(guān)的。
    2021年考研英語:閱讀推理題的解答方式
    一、命題模式
    狹義的推理引申題題干中常有infer,imply,suggest,deduce,conclude等詞出現(xiàn),常見的命題模式有:
    (1)It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that...
    (2)We can infer (assume, deduce) that .
    (3)Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the passage?  (4)It is implied (indicated, suggested) in the passage/the first paragraph/the second sentence/the example that .
    (5)By... the author implies (suggests, indicates )that .
    (6)The passage implies in the passage that .
    (7)The author suggests(indicates)in the passage that .
    (8)It can be concluded from the passage that .
    (9)From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that... we can draw the conclusion that .
    (10)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage (the first paragraph, the last paragraph)?
    引申推理題按照解題思路主要可以分為暗指題、推理題和結(jié)論題。
    暗指題的特點是要求讀者體味“言外之意”,信息只能從字里行間獲得。對于這類試題,考生首先要分清是明述還是暗指,即言內(nèi)還是言外;其次,要盡最大可能與命題者達成“共識”,因為命題人事先確定的答案不允許考生的認識有任何偏差;最后,要對文章中的有關(guān)事實和觀點進行分析和研究,按照事實發(fā)展的邏輯次序,總結(jié)出合情合理的結(jié)論。
    Example 1
    If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999年 Passage 5)
    The author implies that the results of scientific research .
    [A] may not be as profitable as they are expected
    [B] can be measured in dollars and cents
    [C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern
    [D] are mostly underestimated by management
    原句是個假設(shè)條件句,指出“假如科學實驗像科學雜志登載的科學報告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計劃去規(guī)劃和實施,那么,對管理層來說,期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的”。此處正話反說,作者的言外之意是,科學實驗總有不可預測的現(xiàn)象,產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果也難以預測,因此不能肯定有效益。[A]選項“可能不像預料的那樣有利可圖”才是作者真正想要表達的含義。
    Example 2
    Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
    Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”(1996年 Passage 4 )
    It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics .
    [A] benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
    [B] shed light on disciplined school management
    [C] was brought about by privileged home training
    [D] owed a lot to the technological development
    這里第二段的首句指出:敏銳的外國觀察家將美國人的適應能力和創(chuàng)新能力與這個教育優(yōu)勢聯(lián)系在一起。this往回復指前述的最后內(nèi)容,也就是前一段末句談到的“技工們有文化并且熟知算術(shù)、幾何學、三角學”,從而可知這種教育優(yōu)勢就是熟練掌握數(shù)學。因而作者暗指的意思是[A]選項“它們很大程度上得益于數(shù)學”。
    推理題與暗指題雖然有許多相似之處,但是其思路與方法更側(cè)重于推理,主要測試考生的思維判斷能力,即由已知的事實為依據(jù)去獲得未知的信息??忌忸}時首先要把握推理范圍——大至段落或全文,小至詞語或句子;其次要嚴格遵循邏輯規(guī)律,保持正確的思維過程和嚴密的邏輯;再次可以利用相關(guān)部分提供的事實、背景知識和常識去推理。
    干擾項的特點:根據(jù)文章中某些事實亦可以推導,然而又答非所問。
    (1)推斷文章內(nèi)容的含義和引申意思
    Example
    Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.(2001年 Passage 4)
    From Paragraph 4 we can infer that .
    [A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
    [B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
    [C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous
    [D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition
    命題者設(shè)置的難點是第二句中定語從句的理解。原文談到“目前難以預料,數(shù)家石油公司的合并是否會再次對競爭造成威脅。100年前美國的標準石油聯(lián)合公司(Standard Oil Trust)被解散,就是因為當時人們擔心它會對競爭構(gòu)成威脅”,由此引申推理可知[D]項“標準石油聯(lián)合公司可能曾對競爭形成過威脅”。此外,考生還需要注意,might have threatened是虛擬語氣,表示對過去的推測。
    (2)運用數(shù)字進行推理
    Example
    Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
    This development—and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
    Altogether, the Us population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people—numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
    Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails. (1998年 Passage 4)
    Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s .
    [A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
    [B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population
    [C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
    [D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
    這是一道涉及數(shù)字的題目,從標志詞1970s可以定位為文章第三段,本段指出:“20世紀70年代,美國人口總共增長了2 320萬——從數(shù)字上看,這是有紀錄以來10年期人口增長的第三高峰。即使如此,人口總數(shù)也只增加了11.4%,除了大蕭條時期,這是美國年度記錄最低的增長率?!币虼?,[A]選項和[C]選項與文意不符。接著文章第四段談到人口普查顯示出“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來,美國人不斷移居西部和南部,現(xiàn)在這種趨勢依然存在”。因此可以得出[B]選項是正確答案,而[D]選項與該段內(nèi)容正好相反。
    (3)用類比的例子,要求考生進行推理演繹
    Example1
    There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
    By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. (1995年 Passage 2)
    A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when .
    [A] he has given up his smoking habit
    [B] he has made great efforts in his work
    [C] he is keen on learning anything new
    [D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
    本文指出看待人的成長有兩個觀點:一是視為結(jié)果,一是視為過程。第一段具體講到第一種觀點的詳細內(nèi)容。它是大部分人都持有的觀點,看重外在結(jié)果因為其可以量化,可以通過具體事例反映出來,如:工人得到升遷、學生成績提高和外國人學會了一門新的語言。第二段講第二種觀點的詳細內(nèi)容:成長是人在遇到新的經(jīng)歷和意外險阻時表現(xiàn)出來的態(tài)度和情感,而不是實在的結(jié)果。問的是根據(jù)第一種觀點,以下哪一種是成長表現(xiàn)。通過文中類比的例子可知只有[A]選項是實在的結(jié)果。