考研英語(yǔ)備考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是該注意的，下面由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀五步走策略”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀五步走策略
一、通讀題干和選項(xiàng)
當(dāng)開(kāi)始做閱讀理解的時(shí)候，首先不是直接閱讀文章正文，而是先將題干和選項(xiàng)都通讀一遍，并判斷出這篇文章的五個(gè)問(wèn)題屬于哪一類題型。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀理解中的問(wèn)題設(shè)置都是這幾類題型：細(xì)節(jié)題，主題題，態(tài)度題，詞匯題，推理題，例證題。并將題型標(biāo)注在題目旁邊，這樣在閱讀正文之后再看題干就一目了然。
二、五分鐘內(nèi)通讀正文
考試都有時(shí)間限制，因此，把握好每一環(huán)節(jié)的用時(shí)非常重要。在閱讀正文的時(shí)候最好將時(shí)間控制在五分鐘內(nèi)，月的的時(shí)候也不需要從頭至尾、逐字逐句地讀，而是應(yīng)該做到有詳有略，文章的首段，每段的中心句以及文中有括號(hào)的內(nèi)容需要仔細(xì)地讀。而當(dāng)文章當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)具體的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名、數(shù)字等這一部分的內(nèi)容，可以粗略地讀。
三、再次閱讀題干并定位
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章的出題順序和文章的內(nèi)容是緊密聯(lián)系的，即第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案一般都是在文章的開(kāi)頭部分就可以找到答案。所以，閱讀的做題順序應(yīng)該按照問(wèn)題設(shè)定的順序做。有的題干當(dāng)中含有有明確定位詞，例如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、專有名詞等等，這些題目定位比較容易。而對(duì)于那些沒(méi)有明確定位詞的問(wèn)題，則可以根據(jù)上下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題之間的銜接找出問(wèn)題答案的大致所在。
四、讀選項(xiàng)并找出正確答案
其實(shí)，第四步就是整個(gè)閱讀環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵所在。做題的時(shí)候要學(xué)會(huì)排除干擾項(xiàng)，首先要排除的就是明顯有邏輯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)明顯是相反意思的，很可能中間就有一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)。還有的干擾項(xiàng)是意思上與原文內(nèi)容表面上是相關(guān)的，但是其意思可能會(huì)太泛或者太窄，或設(shè)計(jì)本文未設(shè)計(jì)到的其他地方，這些都是不對(duì)的。
五、最后一次通讀全文
雖然考試時(shí)間很緊，但是每做完一篇閱讀之后都應(yīng)該再通讀一遍課文檢查一下，相比于第一遍的通讀，這一遍是在已經(jīng)了解文章內(nèi)容之后的通讀，會(huì)更容易檢查出第一遍沒(méi)有注意到的細(xì)節(jié)部分。
2021年考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀復(fù)習(xí)的訓(xùn)練方法
一、注重單詞和語(yǔ)法的練習(xí)
做閱讀，考生往往將注意力集中在方法和技巧。打個(gè)比喻，單詞加語(yǔ)法好比武功的內(nèi)功，這些方法和技巧是招式。如果一味地學(xué)習(xí)招式，而忽略了內(nèi)功，最后還是會(huì)走火入魔。因此，考生應(yīng)該注意閱讀的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)，包括在語(yǔ)境中記憶單詞，看懂長(zhǎng)難句。基礎(chǔ)階段主要以02年以前的考題為主。研究生入學(xué)考試從86年到02年，是第一個(gè)階段，那是閱讀的整體難度不大，基本靠準(zhǔn)確定位，讀懂原文就能做對(duì)大部分的題目，特別有助于學(xué)生當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)階段的練習(xí)題。
二、熟悉閱讀題型及出題規(guī)律
考研閱讀里的句子都很長(zhǎng)很拗口，有時(shí)一句話里即使所有單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，也不懂整句話是什么意思。這主要是因?yàn)榇蠹也磺宄渥拥慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，所以碰到長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候，要分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先把從句劃分出去不管，找出主句來(lái)，再把主句里的修飾語(yǔ)劃分出去，找到最核心的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。最后再把這些修飾語(yǔ)和從句放進(jìn)去。這樣就能理解這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句是什么意思了。閱讀理解題的出題也是有一些規(guī)律的，大致題型就是那幾類。做的時(shí)候要分清楚它的類型，有針對(duì)性地去解答。比如：對(duì)于句子理解題，返回原文找到這個(gè)句子，將原句的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義都好好分析分析，不僅僅看字面意思，還要看看這句的上下句，有時(shí)句子是有喻義的，聯(lián)系上下文還能很好地明白;對(duì)于主旨題，主要是縱觀整體，理解文章整體的行文思路，對(duì)短文整體理解有一定的概括能力;對(duì)于態(tài)度題，那就要體會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，從文中一些細(xì)節(jié)的詞來(lái)體會(huì)，千萬(wàn)不要攙雜自己的感情色彩。
三、英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間分配
考生應(yīng)該每天至少三個(gè)小時(shí)放在英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)上，如果不考數(shù)學(xué)，至少應(yīng)該每天看5個(gè)小時(shí)英語(yǔ)。三個(gè)小時(shí)，每天一個(gè)小時(shí)背單詞，一個(gè)小時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法，一個(gè)小時(shí)做基礎(chǔ)閱讀。當(dāng)然，考生也要根據(jù)自己不同的基礎(chǔ)，來(lái)合理安排時(shí)間。
四、閱讀量分配
一般考生，每天2篇基礎(chǔ)閱讀是比較合適的量。復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)分為三步：第一步，20分鐘內(nèi)自己先認(rèn)真把考題做一遍;第二步，把不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞查出來(lái)，然后背誦下來(lái)，不明白的長(zhǎng)難句弄明白。第三步，精翻每一篇文章。這樣不僅有助于同學(xué)對(duì)單詞的記憶，和句子的理解，還有助于同學(xué)對(duì)于篇章理解的把握和翻譯的練習(xí)。
考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)需要的是持之以恒，每天愛(ài)它一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，真題也是最好的材料，多研究真題，再加上平時(shí)多訓(xùn)練，一定能輕松過(guò)關(guān)的。
2021年考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀推理題的解答方式
一、命題模式
狹義的推理引申題題干中常有infer，imply，suggest，deduce，conclude等詞出現(xiàn)，常見(jiàn)的命題模式有：
(1)It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that...
(2)We can infer (assume, deduce) that .
(3)Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the passage? (4)It is implied (indicated, suggested) in the passage/the first paragraph/the second sentence/the example that .
(5)By... the author implies (suggests, indicates )that .
(6)The passage implies in the passage that .
(7)The author suggests(indicates)in the passage that .
(8)It can be concluded from the passage that .
(9)From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that... we can draw the conclusion that .
(10)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage (the first paragraph, the last paragraph)?
引申推理題按照解題思路主要可以分為暗指題、推理題和結(jié)論題。
暗指題的特點(diǎn)是要求讀者體味“言外之意”，信息只能從字里行間獲得。對(duì)于這類試題，考生首先要分清是明述還是暗指，即言內(nèi)還是言外;其次，要盡最大可能與命題者達(dá)成“共識(shí)”，因?yàn)槊}人事先確定的答案不允許考生的認(rèn)識(shí)有任何偏差;最后，要對(duì)文章中的有關(guān)事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析和研究，按照事實(shí)發(fā)展的邏輯次序，總結(jié)出合情合理的結(jié)論。
Example 1
If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999年 Passage 5)
The author implies that the results of scientific research .
[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected
[B] can be measured in dollars and cents
[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern
[D] are mostly underestimated by management
原句是個(gè)假設(shè)條件句，指出“假如科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)像科學(xué)雜志登載的科學(xué)報(bào)告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計(jì)劃去規(guī)劃和實(shí)施，那么，對(duì)管理層來(lái)說(shuō)，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢(qián)衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的”。此處正話反說(shuō)，作者的言外之意是，科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)總有不可預(yù)測(cè)的現(xiàn)象，產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果也難以預(yù)測(cè)，因此不能肯定有效益。[A]選項(xiàng)“可能不像預(yù)料的那樣有利可圖”才是作者真正想要表達(dá)的含義。
Example 2
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”(1996年 Passage 4 )
It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics .
[A] benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
[B] shed light on disciplined school management
[C] was brought about by privileged home training
[D] owed a lot to the technological development
這里第二段的首句指出：敏銳的外國(guó)觀察家將美國(guó)人的適應(yīng)能力和創(chuàng)新能力與這個(gè)教育優(yōu)勢(shì)聯(lián)系在一起。this往回復(fù)指前述的最后內(nèi)容，也就是前一段末句談到的“技工們有文化并且熟知算術(shù)、幾何學(xué)、三角學(xué)”，從而可知這種教育優(yōu)勢(shì)就是熟練掌握數(shù)學(xué)。因而作者暗指的意思是[A]選項(xiàng)“它們很大程度上得益于數(shù)學(xué)”。
推理題與暗指題雖然有許多相似之處，但是其思路與方法更側(cè)重于推理，主要測(cè)試考生的思維判斷能力，即由已知的事實(shí)為依據(jù)去獲得未知的信息?？忌忸}時(shí)首先要把握推理范圍——大至段落或全文，小至詞語(yǔ)或句子;其次要嚴(yán)格遵循邏輯規(guī)律，保持正確的思維過(guò)程和嚴(yán)密的邏輯;再次可以利用相關(guān)部分提供的事實(shí)、背景知識(shí)和常識(shí)去推理。
干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：根據(jù)文章中某些事實(shí)亦可以推導(dǎo)，然而又答非所問(wèn)。
(1)推斷文章內(nèi)容的含義和引申意思
Example
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.(2001年 Passage 4)
From Paragraph 4 we can infer that .
[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition
命題者設(shè)置的難點(diǎn)是第二句中定語(yǔ)從句的理解。原文談到“目前難以預(yù)料，數(shù)家石油公司的合并是否會(huì)再次對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)造成威脅。100年前美國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油聯(lián)合公司(Standard Oil Trust)被解散，就是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)人們擔(dān)心它會(huì)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)構(gòu)成威脅”，由此引申推理可知[D]項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油聯(lián)合公司可能曾對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形成過(guò)威脅”。此外，考生還需要注意，might have threatened是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。
(2)運(yùn)用數(shù)字進(jìn)行推理
Example
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
Altogether, the Us population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people—numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails. (1998年 Passage 4)
Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s .
[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population
[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
這是一道涉及數(shù)字的題目，從標(biāo)志詞1970s可以定位為文章第三段，本段指出：“20世紀(jì)70年代，美國(guó)人口總共增長(zhǎng)了2 320萬(wàn)——從數(shù)字上看，這是有紀(jì)錄以來(lái)10年期人口增長(zhǎng)的第三高峰。即使如此，人口總數(shù)也只增加了11.4%，除了大蕭條時(shí)期，這是美國(guó)年度記錄最低的增長(zhǎng)率。”因此，[A]選項(xiàng)和[C]選項(xiàng)與文意不符。接著文章第四段談到人口普查顯示出“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，美國(guó)人不斷移居西部和南部，現(xiàn)在這種趨勢(shì)依然存在”。因此可以得出[B]選項(xiàng)是正確答案，而[D]選項(xiàng)與該段內(nèi)容正好相反。
(3)用類比的例子，要求考生進(jìn)行推理演繹
Example1
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. (1995年 Passage 2)
A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when .
[A] he has given up his smoking habit
[B] he has made great efforts in his work
[C] he is keen on learning anything new
[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
本文指出看待人的成長(zhǎng)有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：一是視為結(jié)果，一是視為過(guò)程。第一段具體講到第一種觀點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。它是大部分人都持有的觀點(diǎn)，看重外在結(jié)果因?yàn)槠淇梢粤炕?，可以通過(guò)具體事例反映出來(lái)，如：工人得到升遷、學(xué)生成績(jī)提高和外國(guó)人學(xué)會(huì)了一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言。第二段講第二種觀點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容：成長(zhǎng)是人在遇到新的經(jīng)歷和意外險(xiǎn)阻時(shí)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的態(tài)度和情感，而不是實(shí)在的結(jié)果。問(wèn)的是根據(jù)第一種觀點(diǎn)，以下哪一種是成長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)。通過(guò)文中類比的例子可知只有[A]選項(xiàng)是實(shí)在的結(jié)果。