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2021考研英語：完型考察詞匯分析(3)
正常的;普通的
normal
用以描述預(yù)料之中、正常的事物 Your temperature is back to~.你的體溫已恢復(fù)正常。
usual
同normal，尤其指大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)發(fā)生的
She had all the ~ teenage problems.她有青少年時(shí)期常見的所有問題。
common
1“平凡的，普通的”，只作定語2指因大量存在或頻繁發(fā)生而經(jīng)常見到的
1the ~ people 平民百姓
2the most ~ form of cancer 最常見的一種癌癥
ordinary
1同common1
2“平淡無奇”，指毫無新意，含貶義
2The meal was very ~.這頓飯平常得很。
plain
1 “極為普通，平庸”，僅用作定語，一般用于in ~ common sense 搭配
2“樸素的，相貌平平的”
1~ common sense 普通的常識(shí)
2 a ~ dress 樸素的連衣裙;a ~-looking woman 相貌平平的女人
popular
“普遍的”，指為大家所公認(rèn)或接受的
Contrary to ~ belief, women cause fewer road accidents than men.與普遍的看法相反，婦女交通肇事比男人少。
mean 側(cè)重指人的理解力、能力平庸 to the ~est intelligence 對(duì)智力最平庸的人來說
average
1同common1
2指“不高不低的，不好不壞的，中等的”
2$20 for dinner is about ~.花20 美元吃正餐算是價(jià)格中等。
[考研試題](1998)They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the ____man. 盡管他們承認(rèn)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度講，工業(yè)革命已大大地提高了一般人的生活水平。(B)
[A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal
2021考研英語：完型考察詞匯分析(1)
比例;比率
rate
1“比率，率”，指事情發(fā)生的速度或次數(shù)
2指稅收、利息等的“費(fèi)率”
1the annual crime ~ 年犯罪率
2~ of interest/interest ~ 利息率
ratio
指兩組人或物及事物各部分之間在大小、數(shù)量上的對(duì)比關(guān)系”
a very high teacher-student ~很高的師生比率
proportion
1同ratio2用于in ~ (to) 的搭配中，表示“相比較”;或“與…相應(yīng)，成比例”，暗指如果一方變化另一方也隨之變化
2 The room is very long in ~ to its width.這間房的長(zhǎng)度比寬度大很多。
Price will be raised in ~ to cost. 價(jià)格將隨成本相應(yīng)提高。
percentage
指“百分比”
What ~ of the students were absent?曠課的學(xué)生占百分之幾?
[考研試題](2000)Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low of ____interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable. 自然，他會(huì)盡量爭(zhēng)取低息貸款，但這種貸款不是經(jīng)常能夠得到的。(C)
[A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio
道;路
path
主要指地面或空中的道路a bicycle ~自行車道
route
同path an air ~飛行航線
channel
側(cè)重指水上道路，如“水渠，航道，海峽” drainage ~s in the rice fields 稻田的排水溝
course
指“(船或飛機(jī)的)航向，航線” The plane was on/off ~.飛機(jī)航向正確/偏離航向。
passage
指連接兩個(gè)房間或處所的狹長(zhǎng)的通道 a secret underground ~地下秘密通道
vessel
一般指細(xì)小的管道，特別是“脈管、血管” blood ~血管
[考研試題]1(2000)He may also need money to construct irrigation _____and improve his farm in other ways. 他可能還需要錢來修建灌溉水渠，或在其他方面改善自己的農(nóng)田。(D)
[A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels
2(1988)Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its ____. 由于狂風(fēng)和兇猛的暴風(fēng)雨，五月花號(hào)迷失了航向。
[A] course[B] route[C] passage[D] channel
飼養(yǎng);養(yǎng)育
feed
1給人(動(dòng)物、植物等)食物(肥料、養(yǎng)料等)，常用~ sb/sth (on) sth 或~sth to sb/sth
2表示為全家或一群人提供食物
1The cattle are fed (on) barley.牛要喂大麥。
2to ~ an army 養(yǎng)活一支軍隊(duì)
raise
1“養(yǎng)育(孩子或小動(dòng)物)”，不僅指“給予食物”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)撫養(yǎng)方式
2“飼養(yǎng)(牲畜)”3“種植(農(nóng)作物)”
1to ~ her (as) a Catholic 把她培養(yǎng)成天主教徒
2to~ cow 養(yǎng)牛3to ~ corn 種玉米
2021考研英語：完型填空練習(xí)解析(6)
Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow，coming __1__ gently，blowing gleefully in a high wind，all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet，freezes the windows，__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses，the powerful electrical systems，the deep-tread tires，all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__，and the next the driver is sliding over it，light as a__7__，in a panic，wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them，not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry，but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow，slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels，obscure the windshield，and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch __15__ inch you move up，past the rear wheels，the center wheels，the cab，the front wheels，all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue，__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip，__18__in front of the vehicle. At last，there is__19__enough，and you creep back over，in front of the truck now，but__20__the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.
1. [A] up [B] off [C] down [D] on
2. [A] lies [B] lays [C] settles [D] sends
3. [A] blocks [B] strikes [C] puffs [D] cancels
4. [A] muted [B] discovered [C] doubled [D] undervalued
5. [A] for [B] with [C] into [D] from
6. [A] comfortable [B] weak [C] risky [D] firm
7. [A] loaf [B] feather [C] leaf [D] fog
8. [A] beneath [B] from [C] under [D] beyond
9. [A] dwarfs [B] giants [C] patients [D] princesses
10. [A] what [B] since [C] as [D] that
11. [A] So [B] But [C] Or [D] Then
12. [A] flakes [B] flocks [C] chips [D] cakes
13. [A] onto [B] against [C] off [D] along
14. [A] snow [B] earth [C] room [D] ice
15. [A] by [B] after [C] for [D] with
16. [A] climbing [B] crawling [C] winding [D] sliding
17. [A] meanwhile [B] unless [C] whereas [D] for
18. [A] sheer [B] mostly [C] rarely [D] right
19. [A] might [B] distance [C] air [D] power
20. [A] with [B] like [C] inside [D] upon
一、答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.A
二、總體分析
本文描述了在冰雪覆蓋的路面上開車的經(jīng)歷。文章首句為主題句，概括了這種經(jīng)歷的特點(diǎn)是“令人非常緊張”。第二至四句分別介紹了下雪帶來的隱患和機(jī)器變得沒有多大用處。從第五句到文章最后則描述了在這種不利條件下和大卡車一同行駛的緊張經(jīng)歷。
三、全文翻譯
在暴風(fēng)雪中驅(qū)車長(zhǎng)距離地行駛于冰雪覆蓋的路面上是一種令人非常緊張的經(jīng)歷。矛盾的是雪一面輕輕地飄落，在強(qiáng)風(fēng)中愉快地吹著，一面又不斷地吹落可能帶來危險(xiǎn)的毯子，封凍窗戶，擋住視線。機(jī)器的力量被減弱了。馬、強(qiáng)有力的電子系統(tǒng)、深胎面的輪胎都毫無用處。一分鐘前路面還很結(jié)實(shí)，下一分鐘司機(jī)就在上面打滑，輕飄飄地，處于恐慌之中，想著從后面突然出現(xiàn)的笨重的掛了拖車的卡車會(huì)干出什么事情來。當(dāng)你不得不開車經(jīng)過這些卡車時(shí)，它們就像巨人一般。這時(shí)你行駛的速度不是當(dāng)路面干燥時(shí)的60或70，而是25和30.并且它們的引擎聽起來極其刺耳。雪、泥和冰渣滓從輪子下噴灑出來，使擋風(fēng)玻璃變得模糊不清，然后格格作響地從車上掉下?？ㄜ囕喿酉碌目臻g很大，足以讓你滑進(jìn)去并被碾成肉醬。你一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的往前挪動(dòng)，經(jīng)過卡車的后輪，中間的輪子，駕駛室，前輪，所有這一切都是極其緩慢地滑過去的。你繼續(xù)筆直地往前開，因?yàn)橥蝗怀嚀尩赖娇ㄜ嚽懊鏁?huì)使你的車滑倒，正好倒在大卡車的前面。最后終于和卡車有了一段距離了，你才慢慢地往后挪，挪到另外一車道上，現(xiàn)在你行使在卡車的前面了，但是引擎的聲音仍然震耳欲聾。