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2021考研英語：完型填空練習(xí)解析(4)
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
The company also plans to introduce __14__cards&mdashknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over
5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained
8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders
9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts
12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent
15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating
16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only
19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink
一、答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
二、總體分析
本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
三、全文翻譯
過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。
東日本鐵路在11月份公布的“車站復(fù)興”計劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國度里，每天大約有1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。
該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因為IC卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間。
2021考研英語：完型填空練習(xí)解析(3)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. You should write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET。
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __37__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __38__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __39__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __40__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __41__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __42__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __43__. He must either sell some of his property or __44__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __45__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __46__ obtainable。
37. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
38. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since
39. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
40. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose
41. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise
42. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels
43. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained
44. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek
45. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio
46. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently
參考答案： 37-41 CABAC 42-46 DBDCD
2021考研英語：完型填空練習(xí)解析(5)
A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to__1__facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while__2__ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is__3__of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to__4__adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy about football(soccer and rugby)，but too often as__5__“couch potatoes”。
The food industry is blamed for promoting junk food to school children and not doing enough to__6__down on sugar，fats and salt in prepared foods. The industry，__7__by the current popularity of the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet，has begun to __8__，but it is trying to protect a huge market and will need to do__9__more if it is to__10__off increased regulation.
Japan seems less__11__so far by the problem of obesity，__12__ as the Japanese diet becomes increasingly__13__(burgers and doughnuts)the problem will grow. __14__，Japanese cuisine has become highly popular in Britain. It is seen as healthy in a different way from the Mediterranean diet__15__its emphasis on tomatoes and olive oil combined with red wine.
A fairly small amount of red wine is now__16__as beneficial to the heart，__17__its other encouraging properties. But Britain has to do more to__18__the problems of alcoholism__19__with the binge-drinking culture—including violence and vandalism. Limited consumption of alcohol，as long as it is not__20__with driving，is harmless and possibly beneficial.
1. [A] stimulate [B] commend [C] promote [D] elevate
2. [A] submitting [B] subjecting [C] subordinating [D] surrendering
3. [A] charged [B] denounced [C] scolded [D] accused
4. [A] assure [B] ensure [C] secure [D] guard
5. [A] speculating [B] spectating [C] specializing [D] sightseeing
6. [A] fall [B] get [C] cut [D] bring
7. [A] stung [B] bitten [C] chewed [D] licked
8. [A] retort [B] refute [C] respond [D] resolve
9. [A] abundantly [B] considerably [C] extensively [D] principally
10. [A] defend [B] beat [C] hold [D] ward
11. [A] upset [B] affected [C] effected [D] impressed
12. [A] or [B] for [C] but [D] if
13. [A] popularized [B] globalized [C] westernized [D] localized
14. [A] Accordingly[B] Interestingly [C] Surprisingly [D] Strikingly
15. [A] as [B] on [C] but [D] with
16. [A] accepted [B] approved [C] assumed [D] acknowledged
17. [A] but for [B] let alone [C] regardless of [D] much less
18. [A] cope [B] challenge [C] tackle [D] undertake
19. [A] matched [B] related [C] united [D] associated
20. [A] bonded [B] combined [C] merged [D] incorporated
一、答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.B
二、總體分析
本文主要介紹了英國飲食存在的問題。第一至二段指出，英國政府和食品工業(yè)被指責(zé)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出，一方面日本飲食因日益西化，肥胖問題變得嚴(yán)重;另一方面，日本飲食在英國很流行，被視為健康飲食。第四段指出適度飲酒對身體有益，但英國要應(yīng)付的是與過度引酒相關(guān)的問題。
三、全文翻譯
一份最近的議會報告指責(zé)政府和食品工業(yè)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者增多。交通部門被指責(zé)在促進(jìn)步行和騎車設(shè)施的發(fā)展方面做得不夠，而且屈從于代表汽車使用者的機(jī)動車組織的壓力。教育部被指責(zé)出賣學(xué)校的操場，在保證提供用于體育教學(xué)和游戲的充足設(shè)施方面做得不夠。英國的年輕人為足球和橄欖球而瘋狂，但更多的只是坐在家里看電視的“沙發(fā)土豆”。
食品工業(yè)被指控向?qū)W生兜售垃圾食品，在減少熟食中糖、脂肪和鹽含量方面做得不夠。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物飲食潮流的刺激，食品工業(yè)已經(jīng)有所反應(yīng)，但是它要努力保護(hù)一個龐大的市場，而且如果要避開日益增多的規(guī)定，它需要做的事情還很多。
迄今為止，日本看上去受肥胖問題的影響較小，但是隨著日本人食譜的日益西化(夾餅和油炸圈餅)，問題會變得嚴(yán)重。有趣的是，日式烹飪在英國很流行。它被看作是有別于地中海飲食的另一種健康飲食，后者著重于西紅柿和橄欖油以及與之相結(jié)合的紅酒。
稍飲紅酒現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為有利于心臟，更不用說紅酒其它令人振奮的品性。但是英國人還需要做許多事情來解決與狂飲文化有關(guān)的酗酒問題——包括暴力和破壞行為。有節(jié)制的酒類消費(fèi)，只要不和駕駛行為搭伴，就是無害的并可能是有益的。