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2021考研英語：長難句的語法分解技巧4
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
一、詞匯突破
count on 依靠;
fair play 公平競爭
二、主干識別
the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)被動態(tài);
【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定語從句修飾middle-class family ;During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做狀語;
三、微觀解析
the American middle-class family 為句子主語，謂語是has been transformed;During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 為狀語;that 引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，that在從句中做主語，謂語為 could count on， 賓語為hard work and fair play;to keep itself financially secure為狀語。
四、難點揭秘
主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難。
五、譯文賞析
在過去的20多年時間里，那些曾經(jīng)依靠辛勤工作和公平競爭就可以保證自己財政收支安全的美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變。(定語從句前置的翻譯方法來處理這個句子)
2021考研英語：長難句的語法分解技巧5
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
一、詞匯突破
steer 指揮，控制 precise 精確的
二、主干識別
Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+謂+賓+賓補結(jié)構(gòu)
其他成分
used to describe monetary policy過去分詞短語做后置定語修飾the language;such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容詞短語;形容詞短語做后置定語修飾the language。
三、難點揭秘
主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難。
四、譯文賞析
有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如"操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸"或者"輕踩剎車"，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實際情況的了。(但這些說法是最不靠譜的，事情遠(yuǎn)非如此用來表示強烈的反對 這與i cann't agree with you more有異曲同工之妙)
五、翻譯點撥
第二個句子的翻譯中可以使用正話反說的方法來進(jìn)行翻譯，在肯定和否定之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。可以參考下面的兩個例子：
(1)An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 機會難得。
(2)Such things are of no rare occurrence. 這些事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生。
六、作文
用于批駁對方的時候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the truth
2021考研英語：長難句的語法分解技巧6
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
一、詞匯突破
agony 痛苦 despair 絕望 prolong 延長
二、主干識別
many acknowledge that +賓語從句 (many 作為代詞表示很多人，或者很多個體)
三、其他成分
On another level 做狀語和in the medical community做定語;the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients為賓語從句主干;
特別提示：fuel本來意思是燃料，但是這里可以理解為由于，因為，加劇的意思;
為了以后閱讀理解更透徹，可以直接把結(jié)構(gòu)
A is fueled by B 理解為：
A是結(jié)果;B是原因
例句：
China's success is fueled by the age of globlization.
四、難點揭秘
同樣是隔離結(jié)構(gòu)在閱讀的過程中給我們帶來不舒服的感覺，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之間，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之間。
五、譯文賞析
在另一個層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人士承認(rèn)，關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論，部分是因為病人的絕望情緒，對病人來說，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長了死亡的生理的痛苦。
六、寫作
On another level，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way.